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血漿同型半胱氨酸及白細(xì)胞水平與終末期腎病患者合并主動(dòng)脈夾層的相關(guān)性研究

2019-02-11 13:08謝家和謝龍胡育華
中國當(dāng)代醫(yī)藥 2019年34期
關(guān)鍵詞:主動(dòng)脈夾層同型半胱氨酸腎功能

謝家和 謝龍 胡育華

[摘要]目的 探討血漿同型半胱氨酸及白細(xì)胞(WBC)水平與終末期腎?。‥SRD)患者合并主動(dòng)脈夾層(AD)的關(guān)系。方法 回顧性分析2011年1月~2018年12月在贛南醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院與贛州市人民醫(yī)院診斷為AD的125例患者的臨床資料,其中ESRD合并AD 22例(作為ESRD夾層組),分別為腎性ESRD 16例,糖尿病ESRD 2例,高血壓ESRD 4例;腎功能正常的AD 103例(作為腎功能正常夾層組)。檢測兩組患者的血漿同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、血肌酐(SCr)、腎小球?yàn)V過率(GFR)、WBC水平,并分析Hcy與SCr、GFR及WBC的關(guān)系。結(jié)果 ESRD夾層組患者的SCr、Hcy水平分別為(927.72±465.30)、(23.89±12.16)μmol/L,均明顯高于腎功能正常夾層組的(76.71±16.51)、(16.79±9.32)μmol/L,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。ESRD夾層組患者的GFR及WBC水平分別為(9.93±9.01)ml/(min·1.73 m2)、(8.05±2.94)×109/L,均明顯低于腎功能正常夾層組的(106.33±15.06)ml/(min·1.73 m2)、(10.89±3.55)×109/L,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果顯示,Hcy與SCr成正相關(guān)(r=0.18,P<0.05),GFR與Hcy成負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.24,P<0.01),WBC計(jì)數(shù)與Hcy無相關(guān)性(r=0.04,P=0.62)。結(jié)論 血漿高Hcy可能參與ESRD患者AD的發(fā)生,提示降低Hcy水平可能成為預(yù)防ESRD患者發(fā)生AD的一個(gè)有效措施。

[關(guān)鍵詞]同型半胱氨酸;終末期腎病;主動(dòng)脈夾層;炎癥;腎功能

[中圖分類號(hào)] R543.1 ? ? ? ? ?[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A ? ? ? ? ?[文章編號(hào)] 1674-4721(2019)12(a)-0004-04

Study on the correlation between plasma homocysteine and white blood cell levels and aortic dissection in patients with end-stage renal disease

XIE Jia-he1,2 ? XIE Long3 ? HU Yu-hua4 ? LI Qing-rui4 ? LIU Yong-sheng5 ? ZHONG Yi-ming1,2 ? XIE Dong-ming1,2▲

1. Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou ? 341000, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Prevention and Control Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou ? 341000, China; 3. Department of Geriatrics, People′s Hospital of Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou ? 341000, China; 4. School of Graduate, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou ? 341000, China; 5. Ruijin People′s Hospital, Jiangxi Province, Ruijin ? 342500, China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the relationship between plasma homocysteine and white blood cell (WBC) levels and aortic dissection (AD) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Methods The clinical data of 125 patients with AD diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University and People′s Hospital of Ganzhou City from January 2011 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 22 cases of ESRD with AD (used as the ESRD dissection group), including 16 cases of kidney disease related to ESRD, 2 cases of diabetes mellitus related to ESRD, 4 cases of hypertension related to ESRD, and the remaining 103 cases were patients with normal renal function combined with AD (used as the normal renal function dissection group). The plasma homocysteine (Hcy), serum creatinine (SCr), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and WBC levels were measured in both groups and the relationship between Hcy and SCr, GFR, WBC was analyzed. Results The levels of SCr and Hcy in the ESRD dissection group were (927.72±465.30) and (23.89±12.16) μmol/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the normal renal function dissection group for (76.71±16.51) and (16.79±9.32) μmol/L, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The GFR and WBC levels in the ESRD dissection group were (9.93±9.01) ml/(min·1.73 m2) and (8.05±2.94)×109/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the normal renal function dissection group for (106.33±15.06) ml/(min·1.73 m2), (10.89±3.55)×109/L, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that Hcy was positively correlated with SCr (r=0.18, P<0.05), GFR was negatively correlated with Hcy (r=-0.24, P<0.01), and WBC count was not correlated with Hcy (r=0.04, P=0.62). Conclusion High plasma Hcy may be involved in the occurrence of AD in patients with ESRD, suggesting that lowering Hcy levels may be an effective measure to prevent AD in patients with ESRD.

[Key words] Plasma homocysteine; End-stage renal disease; Aortic dissection; Inflammation; Renal function

終末期腎病(end-stage renal disease,ESRD)是指腎臟結(jié)構(gòu)或功能異?!?個(gè)月,腎小球?yàn)V過率(glomerular filtration rate,GFR)<15 ml/(min·1.73 m2)。ESRD患者較腎功能正常人群并發(fā)心血管疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)顯著增加,已嚴(yán)重影響患者的生存及預(yù)后[1-2]。主動(dòng)脈夾層(aortic dissection,AD)是指主動(dòng)脈壁內(nèi)膜破裂,導(dǎo)致假腔和/或壁內(nèi)血腫的形成及相應(yīng)器官血流灌注受損,嚴(yán)重者可因動(dòng)脈壁的破裂導(dǎo)致患者急性死亡[3-4]。近年來,ESRD并發(fā)AD的患者不斷增多,但還尚不清楚其與腎功能正常AD患者之間有何異同點(diǎn)及其可能的機(jī)制。

高同型半胱氨酸血癥(hyperhomocysteinemia,HHcy)及血管炎癥是心血管疾病發(fā)生的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素[5-7]。相關(guān)研究表明,ESRD患者血漿同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)及炎癥水平顯著增高[8-9]。但Hcy是否參與ESRD患者合并AD的發(fā)生,目前不清楚。本研究通過比較ESRD合并AD患者與腎功能正常的AD患者之間血漿Hcy及白細(xì)胞(WBC)等指標(biāo)水平差異,以期為認(rèn)識(shí)ESRD合并AD的發(fā)病機(jī)制及改善患者預(yù)后提供新的依據(jù),現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1資料與方法

1.1一般資料

回顧性分析2011年1月~2018年12月在贛南醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院與贛州市人民醫(yī)院經(jīng)影像學(xué)明確診斷為AD的125例患者的臨床資料。AD定義及診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):AD指主動(dòng)脈內(nèi)膜破裂,血液從內(nèi)膜撕裂處進(jìn)入主動(dòng)脈中膜,使內(nèi)膜與中膜分離,形成主動(dòng)脈真假腔,其診斷主要通過主動(dòng)脈增強(qiáng)CT或磁共振等影像學(xué)技術(shù);ESRD的定義及診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):腎功能結(jié)構(gòu)或功能異?!?個(gè)月,GFR≤15 ml/(min·1.73 m2)。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):服用維生素、葉酸患者;合并惡性腫瘤、甲狀腺功能減退患者;合并馬方(Marfan)綜合征等先天性主動(dòng)脈血管病變患者。其中ESRD合并AD 22例(作為ESRD夾層組),分別為腎性ESRD 16例,糖尿病ESRD 2例,高血壓ESRD 4例;腎功能正常的AD 103例(作為腎功能正常夾層組)。兩組患者的年齡、性別、收縮壓、舒張壓、心率、血小板、D-二聚體、肌酸激酶(CK)及肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)等一般資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)(表1),具有可比性。本研究經(jīng)贛南醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),所有患者對(duì)診治均知情同意并簽署了知情同意書。

1.2方法

1.2.1臨床資料數(shù)據(jù)收集 ?收集入選患者的年齡、性別、血壓(收縮壓、舒張壓)、心率、合并疾病等信息。

1.2.2血液標(biāo)本收集及指標(biāo)測定 ?所有患者空腹8~12 h,抽取靜脈血行血漿Hcy、血小板、D-二聚體、CK、CK-MB、血肌酐(SCr)、GFR等生化指標(biāo)檢測,具體操作由贛南醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院檢驗(yàn)科完成,操作步驟參考檢測儀器及試劑盒說明書。

1.3觀察指標(biāo)

比較兩組患者的Hcy、SCr、WBC、GFR指標(biāo)水平,并對(duì)各指標(biāo)之間的相關(guān)性進(jìn)行分析。

1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

采用SPSS 20.0及GraphPad Prism 5.0軟件統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,符合正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料采用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),不符合正態(tài)分布者轉(zhuǎn)換為正態(tài)分布后行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析;計(jì)數(shù)資料用率(%)表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn);相關(guān)性分析采用直線回歸分析,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2結(jié)果

2.1兩組患者實(shí)驗(yàn)室指標(biāo)水平的比較

ESRD夾層組患者的SCr、Hcy水平均明顯高于腎功能正常夾層組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);ESRD夾層組患者的GFR及WBC水平均明顯低于腎功能正常夾層組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)(表2)。

2.2相關(guān)性分析

2.2.1 Hcy與SCr的相關(guān)性分析 ?患者血漿Hcy與SCr成正相關(guān)(r=0.18,F(xiàn)=4.40,P<0.05),直線回歸方程為Y=16.91X-0.005(圖1)。

2.2.2 Hcy與GFR的相關(guān)性分析 ?患者血漿Hcy與GFR成負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.24,F(xiàn)=7.45,P<0.01),直線回歸方程為Y=23.56X+0.06(圖2)。

2.2.3血漿WBC計(jì)數(shù)與Hcy的相關(guān)性分析

患者血漿WBC計(jì)數(shù)與Hcy無相關(guān)性(r=0.04,F(xiàn)=0.25,P=0.62),直線回歸方程為Y=10.68X+0.01(圖3)。

3討論

近年來,隨著人口老齡化及腎臟替代治療技術(shù)的發(fā)展,ESRD患病人數(shù)及并發(fā)心血管疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也顯著增加,已嚴(yán)重影響患者的預(yù)后,而繼發(fā)AD是其最嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥之一[10]。目前臨床上對(duì)ESRD患者預(yù)防AD的發(fā)生除控制血壓外尚缺乏有效的措施。因此,探索ESRD患者AD的發(fā)生因素及機(jī)制對(duì)其防治具有重要意義。高Hcy是指血液中Hcy≥15 μmol/L,其在腎功能正常AD患者中的作用已有研究報(bào)道,認(rèn)為高Hcy會(huì)導(dǎo)致AD的發(fā)生[11]。此外,HHcy是自發(fā)性顱內(nèi)AD和Marfan綜合征患者繼發(fā)AD的重要危險(xiǎn)因素[12-13]。但是目前尚不清楚Hcy在ESRD患者繼發(fā)AD中的影響。本研究結(jié)果顯示,ESRD合并AD患者的血漿Hcy水平較腎功能正常AD患者顯著升高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),提示高Hcy可能在ESRD患者AD的發(fā)病中發(fā)揮作用。

既往研究表明,炎癥是AD發(fā)生的重要機(jī)制,血管壁浸潤的炎癥細(xì)胞可以觸發(fā)炎癥反應(yīng)及增加基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶(MMP)的分泌,從而導(dǎo)致彈性纖維降解及動(dòng)脈壁中層結(jié)構(gòu)破壞,最終促使AD的形成[14]。此外,大量的研究已證實(shí),促炎因子可以促使AD形成,而抗炎因子可以抑制AD的擴(kuò)張[15-16]。同樣,高Hcy通過促使血管炎癥反應(yīng),導(dǎo)致動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化,其機(jī)制與Hcy激活NLRP 3炎癥小體,并介導(dǎo)巨噬細(xì)胞增加促炎因子白介素-1β(IL-1β)和白介素-18(IL-18)等表達(dá)有關(guān)[17]。

本研究結(jié)果顯示,ESRD合并AD患者的血漿WBC水平低于腎功能正常AD患者,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),提示炎癥與ESRD患者AD的形成關(guān)系可能不密切。氧化應(yīng)激異常是ESRD的重要病生特征,其可以損傷血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞,破壞血管結(jié)構(gòu)[1,18]。同時(shí),活性氧自由基過多的產(chǎn)生也是AD形成的重要病生機(jī)制[19]。此外,有研究報(bào)道高Hcy可通過激活NADPH氧化酶加重血管損傷,導(dǎo)致腹主動(dòng)脈瘤形成[20]。推測氧化應(yīng)激等機(jī)制可能在ESRD患者AD發(fā)生中發(fā)揮重要作用,具體機(jī)制需要后續(xù)研究進(jìn)一步求證。本研究結(jié)果還提示,相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果顯示,Hcy與SCr成正相關(guān)(r=0.18,P<0.05),GFR與Hcy成負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.24,P<0.01),WBC計(jì)數(shù)與Hcy無相關(guān)性(r=0.04,P=0.62)。

綜上所述,血漿高Hcy在ESRD患者AD發(fā)生中可能有重要作用,其機(jī)制可能與高Hcy誘發(fā)的機(jī)體氧化應(yīng)激失衡等因素有密切聯(lián)系,提示降低ESRD患者的血漿Hcy水平可能成為預(yù)防包括AD在內(nèi)的心血管疾病的一個(gè)有效措施。

[參考文獻(xiàn)]

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[11]Sbarouni E,Georgiadou P,Analitis A,et al.High homocysteine and low folate concentrations in acute aortic dissection[J].Int J Cardiol,2013,168(1):463-466.

[12]Luo H,Liu B,Hu J,et al.Hyperhomocysteinemia and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism in cervical artery dissection:a meta-analysis[J].Cerebrovasc Dis,2014,37(5):313-322.

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[15]Xu H,Du S,F(xiàn)ang B,et al.VSMC-specific EP4 deletion exacerbates angiotensin Ⅱ-induced aortic dissection by increasing vascular inflammation and blood pressure[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2019,116(17):8457-8462.

[16]Yoshida S,Yamamoto M,Aoki H,et al.STAT3 activation correlates with adventitial neutrophil infiltration in human aortic dissection[J].Ann Vasc Dis,2019,12(2):187-193.

[17]Wang R,Wang Y,Mu N,et al.Activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes contributes to hyperhomocysteinemia-aggravated inflammation and atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice[J].Lab Invest,2017,97(8):922-934.

[18]Duni A,Liakopoulos V,Roumeliotis S,et al.Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and evolution of chronic kidney disease:untangling Ariadne′s thread[J].Int J Mol Sci,2019,20(15):E3711.

[19]Timkova V,Tatarkova Z,Lehotsky J,et al.Effects of mild hyperhomocysteinemia on electron transport chain complexes,oxidative stress,and protein expression in rat cardiac mitochondria[J].Mol Cell Biochem,2016,411(1-2):261-270.

[20]Liu Z,Luo H,Zhang L,et al.Hyperhomocysteinemia exaggerates adventitial inflammation and angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm in mice[J].Circ Res,2012,111(10):1261-1273.

(收稿日期:2019-08-06 ?本文編輯:任秀蘭)

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“主動(dòng)脈夾層”為何如此兇險(xiǎn)?
血清胱抑素C在冠脈介入相關(guān)腎功能損害中的應(yīng)用價(jià)值
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