宗龍澤 史永濤 楊明智
[摘要] 目的 比較單排縫合技術(shù)和縫線橋技術(shù)修補(bǔ)中度肩袖撕裂的情況。 方法 選擇延安大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院2017年1~12月收治的中度肩袖撕裂患者70例,采用隨機(jī)紙片法分為兩組:對(duì)照組(單排縫合技術(shù))35例,觀察組(縫線橋技術(shù))35例。觀察兩組患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后加州大學(xué)肩關(guān)節(jié)評(píng)分系統(tǒng)(UCLA)肩評(píng)分、美國(guó)肩與肘協(xié)會(huì)評(píng)分系統(tǒng)(ASES)評(píng)分、肩關(guān)節(jié)評(píng)分系統(tǒng)(constant-murley)評(píng)分、視覺模擬評(píng)分法(VAS)評(píng)分、前屈角度、外展角度、體側(cè)外旋角度情況,比較兩組臨床療效。 結(jié)果 兩組患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后組間UCLA肩評(píng)分、ASES評(píng)分、constant-murley評(píng)分、VAS評(píng)分、前屈角度、外展角度、體側(cè)外旋角度比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。兩組患者術(shù)后UCLA肩評(píng)分、ASES評(píng)分、constant-murley評(píng)分、前屈角度、外展角度、體側(cè)外旋角度均高于同組術(shù)前,VAS評(píng)分均低于同組術(shù)前,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。兩組患者臨床治療優(yōu)良率比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。 結(jié)論 單排縫合技術(shù)和縫線橋技術(shù)修補(bǔ)中度肩袖撕裂均具有良好的效果,二者無明顯差異,值得臨床推廣應(yīng)用。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 單排縫合技術(shù);縫線橋技術(shù);中度肩袖撕裂;加州大學(xué)肩關(guān)節(jié)評(píng)分系統(tǒng);美國(guó)肩與肘協(xié)會(huì)評(píng)分系統(tǒng);肩關(guān)節(jié)評(píng)分系統(tǒng);視覺模擬評(píng)分法
[中圖分類號(hào)] R686.1 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2018)08(c)-0084-04
[Abstract] Objective To compare the conditions of single-row suture anchor technique and suture bridge suture anchor technique in repairing moderate rotator cuff tears. Methods From January to December 2017, in Yan′an University Affiliated Hospital, 70 patients with moderate rotator cuff tears were selected, they were divided into two groups by random paper method, control group (single-row suture anchor technique) had 35 cases, observation group (suture bridge suture anchor technique) had 35 cases. The shoulder score of University of California at LosAngeles (UCLA), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons′ Form (ASES) score, constant-murley score, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, anteflexion angle, abduction angle, body side external rotation angle of the two groups before and after operation were detected, the clinical effect of the two groups was compared. Results The UCLA shoulder score, ASES score, constant-murley score, VAS score, anteflexion angle, abduction angle, body side external rotation angle between the two groups before and after operation were compared, the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The UCLA shoulder score, ASES score, constant-murley score, anteflexion angle, abduction angle, body side external rotation angle in two groups after operation were higher than those before operation, while the VAS scores were lower than those before operation, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The excellent and good rate between the two groups had no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). Conclusion Both single-row suture anchor technique and suture bridge suture anchor technique in repairing moderate rotator cuff tears have good effects, they have no significant difference, they are worthy of clinical promotion and application.
[Key words] Single-row suture anchor technique; Suture bridge suture anchor technique; Moderate rotator cuff tears; University of California at LosAngeles; American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons′ Form; Constant-murley score; Visual analogue scale
肩袖撕裂在肩部各類疾病發(fā)生率中占近40%,其多發(fā)生于中老年患者,屬于運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷,也是患者肩關(guān)節(jié)疼痛和肩關(guān)節(jié)功能喪失的重要原因[1-2]。肩袖撕裂可以分為小撕裂、中撕裂、大撕裂和巨大撕裂,本研究中納入的患者主要是撕裂大小為1~3 cm的中度肩袖撕裂患者[3-4]。近年來隨著手術(shù)技術(shù)的不斷成熟和進(jìn)步,治療肩袖撕裂的手術(shù)方法也在不斷發(fā)展[5-6]。單排縫合技術(shù)、雙排縫合技術(shù)、縫線橋技術(shù)均是臨床治療肩袖撕裂的有效方法,但是目前關(guān)于上述手術(shù)方式療效的報(bào)道相對(duì)較少,效果評(píng)價(jià)缺乏統(tǒng)一性,沒有足夠的數(shù)據(jù)支持。本研究選擇延安大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院(以下簡(jiǎn)稱“我院”)關(guān)節(jié)外科收治的中度肩袖撕裂患者70例,分別采用單排縫合技術(shù)和縫線橋技術(shù)修補(bǔ),探討兩種術(shù)式的臨床療效,現(xiàn)將結(jié)果報(bào)道如下:
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選擇2017年1~12月我院收治的70例中度肩袖撕裂患者,采用隨機(jī)紙片法進(jìn)行分組。對(duì)照組35例,男18例,女17例;年齡40~62歲,平均(50.3±8.4)歲;肩袖撕裂大小1.5~2.7 cm,平均(2.38±0.41)cm;病程14~30個(gè)月,平均(21.7±4.5)個(gè)月。觀察組35例,男16例,女19例;年齡41~61歲,平均(51.8±8.4)歲;肩袖撕裂大小1.6~2.8 cm,平均(2.32±0.48)cm;病程16~28個(gè)月,平均(20.3±4.6)個(gè)月。兩組患者性別、年齡、肩袖撕裂大小、病程等一般資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),具有可比性。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①術(shù)前對(duì)患者的肩關(guān)節(jié)進(jìn)行MRI檢查,結(jié)合臨床癥狀確診為中度肩袖撕裂,同時(shí)通過關(guān)節(jié)鏡檢查證實(shí);②患者的肩關(guān)節(jié)疼痛和功能障礙時(shí)間>6個(gè)月,同時(shí)至少通過2個(gè)月的保守治療沒有明顯的效果;③患者在術(shù)前通過MRI對(duì)肩袖撕裂尺寸測(cè)量和手術(shù)過程中獲得的結(jié)果一致;④患者符合中度肩袖撕裂定義,如通過關(guān)節(jié)鏡觀察肩袖前后徑發(fā)生撕裂和內(nèi)外徑撕裂范圍在2~4 cm。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①既往有肩關(guān)節(jié)疾病手術(shù)史患者;②既往肩關(guān)節(jié)有骨折、脫位、感染患者;③不能參與術(shù)后隨訪者。本研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),所有患者和/或家屬均知情同意并簽署知情同意書。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 對(duì)照組 采用單排縫合技術(shù)修補(bǔ),患者給予全身麻醉,采取側(cè)臥位,通過觀察肩關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)度,患側(cè)肢體采用懸吊皮牽引,外展角度45°~60°。建立起后方入路,通過關(guān)節(jié)鏡觀察盂肱關(guān)節(jié),然后將關(guān)節(jié)鏡放置到肩峰下方間隙中,對(duì)肩峰下的滑囊進(jìn)行清理,如果有必要將肩峰下緣骨贅切除,進(jìn)行肩峰成形術(shù)治療。將損傷的肩袖清理,大結(jié)節(jié)足印區(qū)去皮質(zhì)化。在撕裂肩袖足印區(qū)中部放入2枚4.5 mm Healix錨釘,將撕裂肩袖縫合,打結(jié)固定。
1.2.2 觀察組 采用縫線橋技術(shù)修補(bǔ),在距離軟骨緣5~10 mm位置放入2顆4.5 mm或者5.5 mm的帶線錨釘,采用縫合鉤將縫線從兩端穿過肌腱,盡可能保持縫線間距相等,打結(jié)拉緊,然后將肩袖在止點(diǎn)處固定,給予水平褥式縫合。將2顆外排免打結(jié)擠壓錨釘,放置在肱骨大結(jié)節(jié)外緣下方2 cm處,將內(nèi)排錨釘?shù)目p線交叉壓入,盡可能對(duì)撕裂肩袖均勻壓蓋,將外排錨釘,完成整個(gè)縫線橋技術(shù)修補(bǔ)。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
①觀察兩組中度肩袖撕裂患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后加州大學(xué)肩關(guān)節(jié)評(píng)分系統(tǒng)(UCLA)肩評(píng)分、美國(guó)肩與肘協(xié)會(huì)評(píng)分系統(tǒng)(ASES)評(píng)分、肩關(guān)節(jié)評(píng)分系統(tǒng)(constant-murley)評(píng)分、視覺模擬評(píng)分法(VAS)評(píng)分情況。UCLA肩評(píng)分主要針對(duì)患者的肩部疼痛、功能、向前側(cè)屈曲活動(dòng)、前屈曲力量、患者滿意度情況進(jìn)行評(píng)分,總分35分,分?jǐn)?shù)越高提示患者的肩關(guān)節(jié)狀況越好[7]。ASES主要對(duì)疼痛、穩(wěn)定性、功能進(jìn)行評(píng)分,總分100分,分?jǐn)?shù)越高提示患者肩肘功能越好[8]。constant-murley評(píng)分主要針對(duì)患者的疼痛、日常生活和手的位置、前屈、后伸、外展、內(nèi)旋和肌力情況進(jìn)行評(píng)分,總分100分,分?jǐn)?shù)越高提示患者肩肘功能活動(dòng)越好[9]。VAS以0~10 cm的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)R進(jìn)行疼痛評(píng)分,0分表示無痛,10分表示劇烈疼痛[10]。兩組患者治療3個(gè)月后進(jìn)行評(píng)分。②觀察兩組患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后前屈角度、外展角度、體側(cè)外旋角度情況。兩組患者治療3個(gè)月后進(jìn)行角度測(cè)定。③觀察兩組患者臨床療效。臨床療效參照UCLA評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分為優(yōu)、良、可、差4個(gè)等級(jí)。優(yōu):34~35分;良:28~33分;可:21~27分;差:0~20分。兩組患者治療3個(gè)月后進(jìn)行效果評(píng)定。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件SPSS 20.0對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組中度肩袖撕裂患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后UCLA肩評(píng)分、ASES評(píng)分、constant-murley評(píng)分、VAS評(píng)分情況
兩組患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后組間UCLA肩評(píng)分、ASES評(píng)分、constant-murley評(píng)分、VAS評(píng)分比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。兩組患者術(shù)后UCLA肩評(píng)分、ASES評(píng)分、constant-murley評(píng)分均高于同組術(shù)前,VAS評(píng)分均低于同組術(shù)前,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見表1。
2.2 兩組中度肩袖撕裂患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后前屈角度、外展角度、體側(cè)外旋角度比較
兩組患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后組間前屈角度、外展角度、體側(cè)外旋角度比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。兩組患者術(shù)后前屈角度、外展角度、體側(cè)外旋角度均高于同組術(shù)前,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見表2。
2.3 兩組中度肩袖撕裂患者臨床療效情況
兩組患者臨床治療優(yōu)良率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。見表3。
3 討論
肩袖損傷屬于肩關(guān)節(jié)比較常見的疾病,其多發(fā)生于中老年患者,其中有近20%的患者出現(xiàn)肩袖全層撕裂,同時(shí)隨著患者年齡逐步增大,其發(fā)生率也在不斷升高[11-12]?;颊呔鶗?huì)伴有不同程度的疼痛、肌力減弱、肩關(guān)節(jié)主動(dòng)活動(dòng)障礙、肌肉萎縮等臨床癥狀,嚴(yán)重者對(duì)患者的睡眠造成影響,保守治療和自我修復(fù)的效果十分有限,目前手術(shù)治療是常用的方法,可以確保肩關(guān)節(jié)功能大幅度地恢復(fù)[13-14]。關(guān)節(jié)鏡下肩袖撕裂的治療方法主要包括以下幾種:?jiǎn)闻趴p合技術(shù)、雙排縫合技術(shù)、穿骨縫合和縫線橋技術(shù),這些手術(shù)方法均和臨床上對(duì)于解剖學(xué)位置的準(zhǔn)確確認(rèn)、結(jié)合生物力學(xué)原理有密切的關(guān)系[15-16]??p線橋技術(shù)的宗旨是改善肩袖修補(bǔ)的生物力學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu),通過內(nèi)排錨釘縫線,快速有效地將肩袖覆蓋在足印區(qū),均勻地釋放壓力,其可以承受更大的拉力負(fù)荷,并且利用足印狹小的空缺間隙[17-18]。另外縫線橋技術(shù)不需要對(duì)外排錨釘進(jìn)行打結(jié)處理,這樣明顯縮短了手術(shù)時(shí)間,同時(shí)也減少了線結(jié)與肩峰之間的撞擊[19-20]。
本研究分析我院中度肩袖撕裂患者70例,分別通過單排縫合技術(shù)和縫線橋技術(shù)進(jìn)行修補(bǔ),在進(jìn)行兩種術(shù)式評(píng)估的過程中,采用了國(guó)際上通用的UCLA評(píng)分、ASES評(píng)分、constant-murley評(píng)分、VAS評(píng)分,這些評(píng)估內(nèi)容涵蓋了肩袖撕裂患者的疼痛、功能、肌力和關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)度等多方面的預(yù)后功能水平,可以更好地獲得臨床治療的第一手?jǐn)?shù)據(jù),為鑒定有效的資料措施提供理論依據(jù)。兩組中度肩袖撕裂患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后組間UCLA肩評(píng)分、ASES評(píng)分、constant-murley評(píng)分、VAS評(píng)分、前屈角度、外展角度、體側(cè)外旋角度差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),說明兩種修補(bǔ)技術(shù)在中度肩袖撕裂患者中均有良好的效果,并且組間差異不明顯。但是有資料顯示[21-23],縫線橋技術(shù)在修補(bǔ)大肩袖撕裂、巨大肩袖撕裂方面明顯優(yōu)于單排縫合技術(shù),這有待于繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大樣本量進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證。另外,本研究中均未發(fā)現(xiàn)肌腱的再次撕裂,可能是本研究隨訪時(shí)間相對(duì)較短,也可能是針對(duì)中度肩袖撕裂患者,縫合技術(shù)對(duì)于再次撕裂的影響不是特別大。另外本研究結(jié)果顯示,兩組患者臨床治療優(yōu)良率均高于90%,且差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),提示單排縫合技術(shù)和縫線橋技術(shù)均可以明顯提高臨床治療的有效率。
綜上所述,單排縫合技術(shù)和縫線橋技術(shù)修補(bǔ)中度肩袖撕裂均具有良好的效果,二者無明顯差異,值得臨床推廣應(yīng)用。
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(收稿日期:2018-03-30 本文編輯:蘇 暢)