孫婷輝 段思源
摘 要 目的:探討小劑量咪達(dá)唑侖聯(lián)合芬太尼進(jìn)行老年全髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)后鎮(zhèn)痛的有效性和安全性。方法:選擇68例腰麻下行全款置換的ASA Ⅰ~Ⅲ級(jí)老年患者,隨機(jī)分為兩組各34例。對(duì)照組給予芬太尼單藥處理,試驗(yàn)組給予0.1 mg/kg咪達(dá)唑侖+芬太尼聯(lián)合處理,比較兩組術(shù)后不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)靜息狀態(tài)下和運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)下VAS評(píng)分、睡眠紊亂情況及不良反應(yīng)。結(jié)果:試驗(yàn)組在術(shù)后4~48 h VAS評(píng)分、睡眠紊亂發(fā)生率及患者惡心、嘔吐發(fā)生率均較對(duì)照組低(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:小劑量咪達(dá)唑侖聯(lián)合芬太尼能有效地進(jìn)行術(shù)后鎮(zhèn)痛,且能改善患者術(shù)后睡眠質(zhì)量和術(shù)后惡心、嘔吐的發(fā)生率。
關(guān)鍵詞 咪達(dá)唑侖 芬太尼 全髖關(guān)節(jié)置換 術(shù)后鎮(zhèn)痛 睡眠質(zhì)量
中圖分類號(hào):R971.3; R687.42 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:B 文章編號(hào):1006-1533(2018)07-0024-04
Effect of low dose midazolam combined with fentanyl on postoperative analgesia in elderly patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty
SUN Tinghui*, DUAN Siyuan
(Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200082, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of low dose midazolam combined with fentanyl for postoperative analgesia in elderly patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. Methods: A total of 68 patients at ASAⅠ~Ⅲ undergoing total hip arthroplasty under lumbar anesthesia were randomly divided into a control group (giving fentanyl 18 mg/kg only) and an experimental group (giving 0.1 mg/kg midazolam combined with fentanyl 18 mg/kg) with 34 cases each. VAS scores at rest and under exercise at different postoperative time points and the incidence of sleep disorder and adverse reactions after surgery were compared between the two groups. Results: VAS scores at postoperative 4 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h and the incidence of sleep disorder and nausea and vomiting were lower in the experimental group than the control group (P<0.05) . Conclusion: Small dose of midazolam combined with fentanyl can effectively relieve postoperative pain, improve sleep quality and reduce the incidence of nausea and vomiting after operation.
KEy WORDS midazolam; fentanyl; total hip arthroplasty; postoperative analgesia; sleep quality
疼痛是組織損傷或潛在組織損傷所引起的不愉快感覺(jué)和情感反應(yīng)。根據(jù)疼痛的持續(xù)時(shí)間以及損傷組織的愈合時(shí)間,將疼痛劃分為急性疼痛和慢性疼痛。術(shù)后疼痛(postoperative pain)是手術(shù)后即刻發(fā)生的急性疼痛(通常持續(xù)不超過(guò)7 d),也是臨床最常見(jiàn)和最需緊急處理的急性疼痛[1]。
隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和老齡化進(jìn)程的加速,老年患者因股骨頭壞死而行全髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)的患者越來(lái)越多。而全髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)后引起的疼痛,被定義為重度疼痛,但考慮到老年患者的重要組織器官儲(chǔ)備功能下降,對(duì)阿片類鎮(zhèn)痛藥敏感、耐受性差,因此術(shù)后鎮(zhèn)痛的安全性要求更高。多模式鎮(zhèn)痛,是近年來(lái)倡導(dǎo)的一種聯(lián)合鎮(zhèn)痛模式,旨在聯(lián)合應(yīng)用不同作用機(jī)制的鎮(zhèn)痛藥物或不同的鎮(zhèn)痛方法,獲得更好的鎮(zhèn)痛效果和/或降低不良反應(yīng)的發(fā)生率[2]。本研究旨在探討對(duì)比聯(lián)合小劑量咪達(dá)唑侖和芬太尼單用對(duì)老年全髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)患者術(shù)后鎮(zhèn)痛的安全性和有效性。
1 方法
1.1 試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)
選擇本院2016年1月—2017年9月間擇期腰麻+連續(xù)硬膜外麻醉下行全髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)老年患者68例,其中男37例,女31例,美國(guó)麻醉醫(yī)師協(xié)會(huì)(ASA)分級(jí)為Ⅰ~Ⅲ級(jí),年齡65~90歲,平均年齡(76.4±6.8)歲,體重45~78 kg。采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將受試者隨機(jī)分為試驗(yàn)組(咪達(dá)唑侖+芬太尼)和對(duì)照組(芬太尼),每組34例。兩組患者采用相同的術(shù)中麻醉和維持藥物。
1.2 藥品及器材
枸櫞酸芬太尼注射液(宜昌人福藥業(yè),規(guī)格10 ml:0.5 mg);咪達(dá)唑侖注射液(江蘇恩華藥業(yè)股份有限公司,規(guī)格1 ml:5 mg);術(shù)后鎮(zhèn)痛泵(型號(hào)AM320,AM330,ACE Medical Co., Ltd.)。