摘 要:在傳統(tǒng)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)教學(xué)中,教師往往強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則講解,注重讓學(xué)生做題。在這樣的教學(xué)模式下,學(xué)生雖掌握了基本語(yǔ)法規(guī)則,但實(shí)際應(yīng)用能力仍較差,導(dǎo)致課堂效率低下。針對(duì)此問(wèn)題,筆者嘗試將語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)教學(xué)置于主題語(yǔ)境中,以名詞性從句復(fù)習(xí)課為例,采用語(yǔ)篇形式呈現(xiàn)。本文通過(guò)分析一節(jié)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)公開(kāi)課的教學(xué)課例,以“ 一樁偷竊案”為情景載體,探討基于語(yǔ)篇和語(yǔ)境的高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法高效復(fù)習(xí)策略。
關(guān)鍵詞:語(yǔ)篇;語(yǔ)境;語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí);名詞性從句
作為鞏固語(yǔ)法教學(xué)成果的重要環(huán)節(jié),語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)教學(xué)一直受到教師們的重視。然而在聽(tīng)課教研活動(dòng)中,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)課堂主要存在以下問(wèn)題:
1. 機(jī)械操練,缺乏語(yǔ)境
教師主要采用“講(講解語(yǔ)法規(guī)則)—練(完成單句語(yǔ)法填空題或語(yǔ)法選擇題)—評(píng)(教師對(duì)學(xué)生的問(wèn)題點(diǎn)評(píng))”這種單一的教學(xué)方式。長(zhǎng)期的單句操練不利于學(xué)生形成語(yǔ)篇意識(shí)。教師過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目的機(jī)械操練,把語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目的意義和運(yùn)用與語(yǔ)境分離,沒(méi)有為學(xué)生創(chuàng)造語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐的機(jī)會(huì)。最終,學(xué)生的語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)只停留在語(yǔ)言的淺層,學(xué)到的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)不能內(nèi)化為實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力,更無(wú)法與他們的實(shí)際生活聯(lián)系起來(lái)。
2. 情景孤立,缺乏關(guān)聯(lián)性
教師在語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)課中也設(shè)置了不少情景,但情景之間的聯(lián)系往往不夠緊密。由此導(dǎo)致整堂課變成多項(xiàng)任務(wù)的堆砌,缺乏連貫性、邏輯性和整體性,復(fù)習(xí)課最終演變成了“習(xí)題課”。
3. 定位不清晰,教學(xué)目標(biāo)混亂
相對(duì)于新授課的基礎(chǔ)性,語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)課更強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目的系統(tǒng)性、完整性、層次性和實(shí)際運(yùn)用。教師如果沒(méi)有意識(shí)到這點(diǎn),往往就會(huì)把語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)課上成了新授課,把大量的時(shí)間花在學(xué)生已經(jīng)掌握的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則和基礎(chǔ)性的單句填詞練習(xí)上,未能結(jié)合語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行整合設(shè)計(jì),導(dǎo)致知識(shí)的廣度和深度不夠。一節(jié)課下來(lái),學(xué)生除了會(huì)做幾道填空題外,還是對(duì)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目的用法一頭霧水,更談不上運(yùn)用。
Larsen-Freeman(2009)把語(yǔ)法技能的概念界定為:語(yǔ)法技能就是準(zhǔn)確、有意義、得體地使用語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的能力?!镀胀ǜ咧杏⒄Z(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(2017年版)》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱為“《課標(biāo)》”)提出,學(xué)生應(yīng)意識(shí)到,在語(yǔ)言使用中,語(yǔ)法知識(shí)是“形式—意義—使用”的統(tǒng)一體,學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法的最終目的是在語(yǔ)境中有效地運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)來(lái)理解和表達(dá)意義(中華人民共和國(guó)教育部,2018)。高中階段的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)在更加豐富的語(yǔ)境中通過(guò)各種學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐活動(dòng)來(lái)進(jìn)一步鞏固。學(xué)生要學(xué)會(huì)在語(yǔ)境中理解和運(yùn)用新的語(yǔ)法知識(shí),進(jìn)一步發(fā)展英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法意識(shí)。
同時(shí),《課標(biāo)》也提出語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目應(yīng)置于語(yǔ)篇中呈現(xiàn)(中華人民共和國(guó)教育部,2018)。由此可見(jiàn),語(yǔ)法技能的培養(yǎng)不能止步于單句操練,我們還必須將語(yǔ)法技能放在不同語(yǔ)篇和情景中加以運(yùn)用。語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)是與情景相聯(lián)系的,語(yǔ)法教學(xué)應(yīng)重視創(chuàng)設(shè)語(yǔ)境,讓學(xué)生在真實(shí)的語(yǔ)境中獲得大量的可理解性輸入。同時(shí),教師應(yīng)針對(duì)不同的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目及其特點(diǎn),基于語(yǔ)境來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)合理可行的教學(xué)活動(dòng),以既有層次又強(qiáng)調(diào)整合的多種教學(xué)活動(dòng)促進(jìn)學(xué)生對(duì)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目的理解,從而提升他們的語(yǔ)法運(yùn)用能力。
本文將以筆者執(zhí)教的一節(jié)名詞性從句復(fù)習(xí)課為例,探討基于語(yǔ)篇和語(yǔ)境的高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)教學(xué)實(shí)踐。
1. 教學(xué)內(nèi)容分析
本課例是人教版《英語(yǔ)》高二下學(xué)期的語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)課。本課涉及的單元語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目是名詞性從句,包括賓語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句四大類(lèi)。這是高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)的重難點(diǎn),對(duì)學(xué)生提高句子結(jié)構(gòu)意識(shí)、提升句子寫(xiě)作水平有重要的作用。根據(jù)《課標(biāo)》的精神,筆者對(duì)該語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目的能力要求具體描述如下:
(1)在語(yǔ)篇中恰當(dāng)?shù)乩斫夂褪褂觅e語(yǔ)從句(必修);
(2)在語(yǔ)篇中恰當(dāng)?shù)乩斫夂褪褂弥髡Z(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句(選擇性必修);
(3)在語(yǔ)篇中恰當(dāng)?shù)乩斫馔徽Z(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)并使用其傳遞意義,以取得一定的修飾效果(選修提高類(lèi))。
備注:必修課程是所有高中學(xué)生都必須學(xué)習(xí)的課程,為他們未來(lái)的發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ);選擇性必修課程是有升學(xué)要求的高中學(xué)生必須學(xué)習(xí)的課程,也供有個(gè)性發(fā)展需求的學(xué)生選修。學(xué)生在完成選擇性必修課程后,方可參加高考。選修提高類(lèi)課程是在必修和選擇性必修課程的基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)的拓展、提高和整合性的課程,供特色學(xué)校和英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)扎實(shí)的學(xué)生選用。
由此可見(jiàn),掌握賓語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句是高考的能力要求;掌握同位語(yǔ)從句雖屬選修提高類(lèi),非高考要求,但能進(jìn)一步提升尖子生的語(yǔ)言能力,為學(xué)生未來(lái)的語(yǔ)言發(fā)展奠定基礎(chǔ)。
2. 學(xué)情分析
筆者本次授課的對(duì)象是高二文科班的學(xué)生,語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)較好,對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的熱情較高。學(xué)生已在初中學(xué)過(guò)賓語(yǔ)從句,在高一上學(xué)期再次復(fù)習(xí)鞏固了此語(yǔ)法點(diǎn);學(xué)生在高一下學(xué)期初次學(xué)習(xí)了主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句,對(duì)以上語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目已基本掌握;學(xué)生在高二上學(xué)期接觸了虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)中含名詞性從句的結(jié)構(gòu),進(jìn)一步鞏固了對(duì)名詞性從句用法的掌握。但鑒于學(xué)生的認(rèn)知水平和教學(xué)課時(shí)有限,學(xué)生對(duì)名詞性從句的掌握僅停留在簡(jiǎn)單的單句填空練習(xí)上,對(duì)其意義和使用方法的掌握不甚理想,對(duì)在合適語(yǔ)境中使用名詞性從句的方法一竅不通,更沒(méi)有在語(yǔ)篇中運(yùn)用名詞性從句的意識(shí)。
按照教學(xué)進(jìn)度,學(xué)生在高二下學(xué)期的語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)是將在必修課程中學(xué)過(guò)的所有語(yǔ)法知識(shí)進(jìn)行一次復(fù)習(xí)和梳理。通過(guò)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí),學(xué)生能了解名詞性從句四個(gè)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系和實(shí)際用法。筆者認(rèn)為,要想高效且生動(dòng)地把名詞性從句的眾多考點(diǎn)和用法呈現(xiàn)給學(xué)生,教師必須要整合各類(lèi)名詞性從句的用法,這樣可以大大加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目間的聯(lián)系。同時(shí)教學(xué)要從句子出發(fā),從句到段、最終到篇,讓學(xué)生在語(yǔ)篇中掌握名詞性從句在具體語(yǔ)境下的合理使用方法。
3. 教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)思路
基于《課標(biāo)》的精神,筆者嘗試將語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)置于語(yǔ)境中,整節(jié)課圍繞一條主線展開(kāi)。主線即是任務(wù)層層推進(jìn)的情景線,而學(xué)生對(duì)語(yǔ)法技能的掌握和鞏固則是此課的隱性語(yǔ)法線。隨著關(guān)聯(lián)情景的推移,學(xué)生自主參與并完成一個(gè)個(gè)由簡(jiǎn)到繁、由易到難、前后相連、層層深入的具體任務(wù),逐步掌握并鞏固名詞性從句的形式、意義和用法。
在教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)中,筆者以“一樁偷竊案”為主題設(shè)計(jì)了四個(gè)任務(wù):find out
what happened—look for some clues from a note—report the theft—notice from the police(見(jiàn)下表)。前三個(gè)任務(wù)分項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)1?2個(gè)名詞性從句類(lèi)型,最后綜合輸出。筆者所設(shè)計(jì)的練習(xí)層層遞進(jìn),從句子到對(duì)話、到段、到篇。同時(shí),不同形式的操練也使語(yǔ)境變得更加生動(dòng)、真實(shí)和有效。每個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)結(jié)束后,筆者都會(huì)對(duì)該類(lèi)從句的特征及用法進(jìn)行小結(jié),將隱性語(yǔ)法教學(xué)和顯性語(yǔ)法教學(xué)相結(jié)合,這樣更有助于學(xué)生理解和掌握語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目。
4. 教學(xué)目標(biāo)
在本課學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)束時(shí),學(xué)生能夠:(1)正確判斷名詞性從句的類(lèi)型,正確選擇并使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞;
(2)掌握名詞性從句在虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)中的用法;
(3)在語(yǔ)篇中理解并在合理語(yǔ)境中使用名詞性從句。
5. 教學(xué)重點(diǎn)
在本課中,教師的教學(xué)重點(diǎn)在于指導(dǎo)學(xué)生:
(1)能在語(yǔ)篇中判斷名詞性從句的類(lèi)型并使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞;
(2)能在寫(xiě)作中恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用名詞性從句。
6. 教學(xué)難點(diǎn)
學(xué)生如何能快速判斷從句類(lèi)型、區(qū)分同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句,并在寫(xiě)作中合理運(yùn)用名詞性從句。
Step1
情景·任務(wù)1:“小偷入屋盜竊”
T: Hey, guys! You know what? I felt really upset today, because something bad happened yesterday evening.
Ss: What happened?
T: Id like to show you a few pictures and youll see what happened. (Several pictures of a great mess are shown.)
Ss: A theft.
T: Yeah. Now please read the basic plot of the story and tell me the details about what has happened to my house. While reading, fill in the blanks.
Time: That was ①________ I was eating out yesterday evening.
Place: The place was ②________ I lived.
Person: The thief is③_______ went into my house and stole my belongings.
Detail 1: The reason why I felt puzzled was ④______ neither the door nor the windows were broken.
Detail 2: My house is not ⑤_______ it used to be, but in a terrible mess after the theft.
(參考答案:①when; ② where;③who; ④that; ⑤what)
T: Now, can anyone tell the whole class what happened?
S1: Yesterday evening, when you were eating outside, a thief broke into your house and made a great mess.
T: Yeah. But what puzzled me was how the thief managed to get in? You are the one who can help me. Can you work in pairs and figure out the possible reasons with the structures on the screen (如上圖所示)?
S1: Maybe its because you didnt close the window before you went out.
S2: The reason why the thief managed to get in is that he had copied your key and opened the door.
…
Ss: Thats why the windows and door are OK.
[設(shè)計(jì)意圖]
導(dǎo)入話題,激發(fā)學(xué)生興趣。表語(yǔ)從句雖為學(xué)生高中階段接觸的語(yǔ)法知識(shí),但結(jié)構(gòu)較簡(jiǎn)單,學(xué)生容易理解并掌握,適合作為本課的導(dǎo)入。筆者嘗試創(chuàng)設(shè)情景“小偷入屋盜竊”以激發(fā)學(xué)生興趣,同時(shí)在學(xué)生活動(dòng)環(huán)節(jié)中滲透目標(biāo)語(yǔ)法(表語(yǔ)從句),讓學(xué)生在不知不覺(jué)中接觸目標(biāo)語(yǔ)法并理解其意義,為下一個(gè)教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)作好情景鋪墊。為了鞏固表語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)法知識(shí),筆者讓學(xué)生討論并說(shuō)出“小偷入屋盜竊”的原因,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生使用表語(yǔ)從句。最后,筆者與學(xué)生一起歸納表語(yǔ)從句的特征及用法。在這個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)中,筆者考查了學(xué)生對(duì)表語(yǔ)從句連接詞that,特殊疑問(wèn)詞when、what等,以及固定句式“the reason why… is that…”等的使用情況。這些知識(shí)屬??键c(diǎn),但學(xué)生易出錯(cuò)。通過(guò)“句—段(對(duì)話)”的過(guò)渡逐層遞進(jìn),學(xué)生能更好地理解表語(yǔ)從句。
Step 2
情景·任務(wù)2:“小偷留下的便條”
T: Much to my surprise, I found a note on the fridge. It must have been left by the thief. But it is poorly written. Can you read the note and help me correct the mistakes so that I can understand it?
Dear Mr House owner,
Im the thief.① News came that there would be a newcomer the other day and so I came.② Have you settled the question that I managed to get inside? Well, I have something to say:
③ Firstly, there was no doubt if you are very lazy, because the house was in a real mess;④ Besides, I was surprised at the fact that which the beer in your fridge was bought two years ago.⑤ Much to my disappointment, the thought you were a rich person was absolutely wrong, for there was too little money in your house…⑥ Finally, I have a suggestion that your house is cleaned, since it was too dirty.
⑦ Id given you a warning what I would come, but it is a pity that the warning that I gave you was not noticed.
(參考答案: ①正確;② that改how;③ if改that;④ which去掉;⑤thought后加that;⑥ is改be;⑦ 第一個(gè)warning后what改that)
[設(shè)計(jì)意圖]
學(xué)生無(wú)論從概念上還是從結(jié)構(gòu)上都比較難理解同位語(yǔ)從句。因此筆者在此處設(shè)計(jì)了改錯(cuò)題,意在讓學(xué)生懂得辨認(rèn)。語(yǔ)篇中呈現(xiàn)的主要錯(cuò)誤是連詞誤用,例如:that和特殊疑問(wèn)詞的混用;that遺漏;連詞的重復(fù)(雙連接詞);某些特殊句型的不當(dāng)用法(“there is no doubt that…”“be surprised at the fact that…”“the thought that…”)及虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)中“have a suggestion that…(should) +動(dòng)詞原形”的不當(dāng)用法。上述都是學(xué)生的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)和知識(shí)盲點(diǎn)。
在對(duì)同位語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行小結(jié)后,筆者接著進(jìn)入that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別講解。這一知識(shí)點(diǎn)屬于高考常考點(diǎn),學(xué)生必須掌握。筆者對(duì)以下兩個(gè)句子進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)辨析:
(1)Id given you a warning that I would come;
(2)But the warning that I gave you was not noticed.
Attention:
第一句that ______,從句是_____;
第二句that _____,從句是_____ 。
(參考答案:第1句that 無(wú)意義,不可省,從句是同位語(yǔ)從句;第二句that指代前面的先行詞,從句是定語(yǔ)從句。)
通過(guò)講解,學(xué)生再次回顧了that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別,也掌握了辨認(rèn)技巧。
Step 3
情景·任務(wù)3:“立案”
T: Thanks for your help. What do you think I should do?
Ss: Report it to the police.
T: I think so, too. Now Ive written a letter. However, there are some words Im not quite sure about. Could you help me fill
in the blanks so that the whole letter can be better understood?
(參考答案:① that; ② that; ③whether; ④ What; ⑤ Why; ⑥ who)
總結(jié):1. 位于動(dòng)詞或介詞后充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的句子叫賓語(yǔ)從句,引導(dǎo)的連接詞有:that、特殊疑問(wèn)詞、whether/ if。2. 充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的句子叫主語(yǔ)從句,引導(dǎo)的連接詞有:that、特殊疑問(wèn)詞、whether。
[設(shè)計(jì)意圖]
在此環(huán)節(jié),學(xué)生通過(guò)快速閱讀信件,判斷所缺成分,結(jié)合語(yǔ)境,填入合適的連接詞。本環(huán)節(jié)考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是易錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)。筆者在校對(duì)答案之后,對(duì)以上幾個(gè)句子的從句類(lèi)型進(jìn)行了歸納,并對(duì)賓語(yǔ)從句和主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞進(jìn)行歸類(lèi)梳理。
Step 4
情景·任務(wù)4:“警察給小區(qū)居民的告示”
T: Since the Spring Festival is approaching, we should be careful about the thieves. After receiving the report, the police have put up a warning notice. Read and discuss about it. Try to use noun clauses. After your discussion, please complete the suggestions for the local residents. Any reasonable suggestion is welcome.
Dear Mr Police,
Im writing to report a theft. It happened at around 6 to 8 yesterday evening when I was eating out. When I arrived home, everywhere I looked, it was in a terrible mess. ①I(mǎi) have checked everything in my house and discovered my friends watch was gone and ______ some money was stolen, too. ②Its strange ______ the beer that was out-of-date should be taken away. ③Im worried about ________ the thief will come back again to get more. ④________ puzzled me most was how the thief managed to get inside, as neither the lock nor the windows were broken.⑤________ I was that unlucky one to be chosen was the question that had puzzled me now?。?! ⑥Please help me find out _______ did it ASAP!
A worried resident
Dear residents,
Its reported that theres a growing number of thefts in this district, which has been quite disturbing. In order to protect ourselves as well as our houses, Id like to put forward a few suggestions that I hope might be useful to you:
…
(學(xué)生先自主討論,然后寫(xiě)作,教師走到學(xué)生身邊給予指導(dǎo)和鼓勵(lì)。)
A possible version:
Dear residents,
Its reported that theres a growing number of thefts in this district, which has been quite disturbing. In order to protect ourselves as well as our houses, Id like to put forward a few suggestions that I hope might be useful to you:
Firstly, its highly recommended that everything valuable such as jewelry, money should be kept in a safe place. Whats more, its also important that the door and windows should be locked before you go out and its suggested that you should stay at home after 10 pm. Finally, what Id like to suggest is that you shouldnt talk too much to the strangers and its better to ask someone to keep an eye on your house especially when youll be away for a long time.
[設(shè)計(jì)意圖]
本環(huán)節(jié)筆者采用先說(shuō)后寫(xiě)的方式讓學(xué)生以小組為單位談?wù)摲辣I建議。筆者引導(dǎo)學(xué)生使用名詞性從句的句型,結(jié)合高考應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作體裁,靈活運(yùn)用本課所復(fù)習(xí)的目標(biāo)語(yǔ)法。筆者還鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生輸出含有名詞性從句表示建議的句子,將語(yǔ)法知識(shí)落實(shí)到寫(xiě)作中。
在本節(jié)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)課中,筆者根據(jù)“一樁偷竊案”這個(gè)主題創(chuàng)設(shè)了四個(gè)任務(wù),并利用銜接語(yǔ)和任務(wù)之間的關(guān)聯(lián)性將四個(gè)任務(wù)巧妙地、自然地串聯(lián)起來(lái),凸顯了語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)的整合性。學(xué)生自始至終都在語(yǔ)境下復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)語(yǔ)法,在語(yǔ)篇中體會(huì)語(yǔ)法的用途,積極參加小組交流,提高語(yǔ)法技能,最終形成語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。
因此,要想高效地進(jìn)行語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)教學(xué),教師既要從鞏固語(yǔ)言形式的角度考慮,也要從實(shí)際使用的語(yǔ)境和意義考慮,運(yùn)用不同層次的活動(dòng)形式(朱曉燕,2011),設(shè)計(jì)各種形式的語(yǔ)言任務(wù),引導(dǎo)學(xué)生反復(fù)不斷地感知、體驗(yàn)和實(shí)踐,最終達(dá)到正確運(yùn)用目標(biāo)語(yǔ)法的目的。
總之,語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)應(yīng)本著實(shí)用的原則,與語(yǔ)言的運(yùn)用結(jié)合起來(lái)(程曉堂、鄭敏,2002)。基于語(yǔ)篇和語(yǔ)境的語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)教學(xué)以情景任務(wù)鏈為依托,以語(yǔ)言技能的任務(wù)和目標(biāo)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的復(fù)習(xí)為核心,對(duì)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣和語(yǔ)法能力能產(chǎn)生積極的影響,有利于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。
參考文獻(xiàn)
Larsen-Freeman, D. 2009. 語(yǔ)法教學(xué):從語(yǔ)法到語(yǔ)法技能 [M]. 北京: 外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社.
程曉堂, 鄭敏. 2002. 英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)策略:從理論到實(shí)踐 [M]. 北京: 外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社.
中華人民共和國(guó)教育部. 2018. 普通高中英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(2017年版) [S]. 北京: 人民教育出版社.
朱曉燕. 2011. 英語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)策略——如何有效選擇和運(yùn)用 [M]. 上海: 上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社.
黃建,廣州市第四中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教師。