范文思 岳東林 凌愛芬 劉挺 葉協(xié)鋒 武云杰 陳宇 廖紅蕖 于建軍
摘 要:為了改善會(huì)理縣因煙草連作造成的土壤營(yíng)養(yǎng)失衡和煙葉品質(zhì)下降等問題,研究了不同腐熟農(nóng)家肥用量對(duì)土壤養(yǎng)分和煙葉品質(zhì)的影響。結(jié)果表明,煙株生長(zhǎng)期內(nèi),施用農(nóng)家肥處理的土壤堿解氮、速效鉀和速效磷含量均較CK有所提高。施用農(nóng)家肥可顯著提高土壤胡敏酸(HA)和富里酸(FA)含量,移栽110 d時(shí),常規(guī)施肥+15 000 kg/hm2農(nóng)家肥處理的胡敏酸含量最高達(dá)到4.34 g/kg,較CK增加了36.61%,差異顯著,且HA/FA也達(dá)到最高(0.73)。施用農(nóng)家肥可顯著降低煙葉兩糖含量,提高糖堿比、鉀氯比。其中常規(guī)施肥+7500 kg/hm2農(nóng)家肥處理的C2F和B2F糖堿比較CK顯著降低了23.85%和24.34%,而鉀氯比較CK顯著提高了1.67和3.34。常規(guī)施肥+7500 kg/hm2農(nóng)家肥處理的C3F和B2F中性致香物質(zhì)總量最高為1 163.50、683.24 μg/g,較CK增加了15.71%、60.00%,且差異顯著。常規(guī)施肥+7500 kg/hm2農(nóng)家肥處理對(duì)改善烤煙化學(xué)成分協(xié)調(diào)性和增加致香物質(zhì)含量有顯著效果。
關(guān)鍵詞:腐熟農(nóng)家肥;烤煙;腐殖酸;煙葉品質(zhì)
中圖分類號(hào):S572.062 文章編號(hào):1007-5119(2018)05-0071-08 DOI:10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2018.05.010
Abstract: In order to improve the imbalance of soil nutrients and the decline in quality of tobacco leaves caused by continuous cropping of tobacco in Huili County, the effects of different well-rotted farmyard manure application rates on tobacco quality and soil nutrients were studied. The results showed that the contents of available nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus in soils treated with farm manure were higher than those in CK. Well-rotted farmyard manure could increase the content of humic acid and fulvic acid in soil. 110 d after transplanting, the content of humic acid was up to 4.34 g/kg, which was 36.61% higher than that of CK, and the difference reached a significant level. HA/FA is also up to 0.73. The well-rotted farmyard manure could significantly reduce the content of sugars and increase the ratio of sugar to alkali and the ratio of potassium to chlorine. Compared with CK, the ratio of sugar and alkali decreased by 23.85% and 24.34% in C2F and B2F under 7500 kg/ha well-rotted farmyard manure, while the ratio of potassium to chlorine increased by 1.67 and 3.34. For C2F and B2F, the total amount of neutral substances treated by 7500 kg/ha well-rotted farmyard manure was also the highest, reaching 1163.50 and 683.24 μg/g, which was 15.71% and 60.00% higher than CK. A significant effect on improving the chemical composition coordination and increasing the aroma content of flue-cured tobacco was observed in the treatment of 7500 kg/ha well-rotted farmyard manure.
Keywords: well-rotted farmyard manure; flue-cured tobacco; humus acid; tobacco quality
半個(gè)世紀(jì)以來,化肥的大量施用不僅造成土壤酸化、板結(jié)和肥料浪費(fèi),且種植的作物品質(zhì)也不佳[1]。為了緩解化肥對(duì)環(huán)境和土壤的負(fù)面效應(yīng),人們提出施用農(nóng)家肥的解決措施。農(nóng)家肥大多來源于禽畜糞便和農(nóng)作物秸稈,所含養(yǎng)分比較全面,且肥效持久穩(wěn)定。但是有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)[2],不合理施用農(nóng)家肥不但不能改善土壤環(huán)境,相反會(huì)導(dǎo)致氮、磷在土壤中的積累,并通過地表徑流和土壤滲漏等多種途徑進(jìn)入地表水體和地下水體,造成水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化[3-4]。近年來,關(guān)于農(nóng)家肥的研究很多,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)與單施化肥相比,施入農(nóng)家肥對(duì)提高土壤養(yǎng)分含量和改善土壤環(huán)境作用更為顯著[5];同時(shí)研究[6]還發(fā)現(xiàn),農(nóng)家肥能增加土壤微生物的活性,減少化肥氮損失,提高化肥氮利用率,有利于植物干物質(zhì)積累和氮素吸收。
4 結(jié) 論
對(duì)于土壤環(huán)境的改善效果而言,施用農(nóng)家肥可顯著提高土壤胡敏酸、富里酸含量和HA/FA,常規(guī)施肥+15 000 kg/hm2農(nóng)家肥效果最好。對(duì)于提升煙葉品質(zhì)而言,常規(guī)施肥+7500 kg/hm2農(nóng)家肥對(duì)烤煙化學(xué)成分協(xié)調(diào)性和中性致香物質(zhì)含量的提升效果最好。因此,綜合土壤環(huán)境和煙葉品質(zhì)的考慮,常規(guī)施肥+7500 kg/hm2農(nóng)家肥的施肥措施可用于改善會(huì)理縣植煙土壤狀況和煙葉品質(zhì)。
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