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老年2型糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變患者血清白細胞介素-1β、同型半胱氨酸、可溶性血管細胞黏附分子-1的水平變化及意義

2018-01-19 03:48王英英唐詠春
中國老年學(xué)雜志 2018年1期
關(guān)鍵詞:神經(jīng)病空腹胰島素

王英英 唐詠春

(青島市海慈醫(yī)療集團輸血科,山東 青島 266033)

糖尿病(DM)是由生活方式等多種因素引發(fā)的慢性疾病,多發(fā)于老年2型DM(T2DM),主要集中在中老年人群體,死亡率極高〔1,2〕。我國老年T2DM的發(fā)病率高達10%,DM神經(jīng)病變是DM的多種并發(fā)癥之一〔3〕,導(dǎo)致病情加重難以恢復(fù)〔4〕。Zhou等〔5〕認為老年T2DM患者的高血糖是導(dǎo)致周圍神經(jīng)病變的主因,人體內(nèi)的高血糖會激活葡糖糖的旁路代謝,使得老年T2DM患者的神經(jīng)功能受損。老年T2DM周圍神經(jīng)病變患者均出現(xiàn)腹脹及出汗嚴重等情況,腹脹的主要原因為DM患者的飲食不均造成,對蔬菜的攝取量較少導(dǎo)致體內(nèi)出現(xiàn)脫水癥狀,隨著腸道的水分不斷減少則出現(xiàn)腹脹及便秘等問題,出汗嚴重則因為患者的交感神經(jīng)受到損傷,這也是周圍神經(jīng)病變的表現(xiàn),出現(xiàn)這種癥狀的患者應(yīng)適當(dāng)減輕體重并放松心情,較少焦慮的情緒可適量緩解出汗嚴重的問題〔6〕。白細胞介素(IL)-1β、同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、可溶性血管細胞黏附分子(sVCAM)-1等指標可作為檢測老年T2DM患者周圍神經(jīng)病變的重要標志物,可通過其水平變化判斷DM患者周圍神經(jīng)受損程度〔7,8〕。本研究主要探討老年T2DM周圍神經(jīng)病變患者血清IL-1β、HCY、sVCAM-1水平及臨床意義。

1 資料與方法

1.1一般資料 2015年2月至2017年4月青島市海慈醫(yī)療集團治療的老年T2DM患者36例為觀察組、健康志愿者36例為對照組。納入標準:①符合相關(guān)老年T2DM周圍神經(jīng)病變診斷標準〔8〕,近3個月內(nèi)血壓控制平穩(wěn);②確診為T2DM;③病程10年以上。排除標準:①其他腎臟疾?。虎诰芙^配合檢測患者。觀察組年齡60~80歲;對照組年齡61~82歲,兩組年齡、性別、體質(zhì)指數(shù)(BMI)無顯著差異。見表1。

1.2檢測方法 均行常規(guī)心電圖檢測,并于檢驗科及放免室完成空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、糖化血紅蛋白(HbA1c)檢測。①采用放射免疫法測定空腹胰島素(FNS)、餐后胰島素(PNS)、空腹C肽(FCP)、餐后C肽(PCP)值。②采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法(ELISA)檢測IL-1β、HCY、sVCAM-1、腫瘤壞死因子(TNF)-α、IL-6、C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)水平,具體方法:采集患者空腹8 h后的靜脈血3~5 ml,將靜脈血保存于常溫室內(nèi)并于30 min后離心,離心后保存于-20℃冷藏室內(nèi),檢測用試劑盒為上海羽朵生物科技有限公司生產(chǎn),檢測步驟需嚴格按照試劑盒說明書進行。

表1 兩組一般臨床資料的比較

1.3統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法 采用SPSS18.0統(tǒng)計軟件進行t、χ2檢驗。

2 結(jié) 果

觀察組sVCAM-1、IL-1β、HCY、TNF-α、IL-6、CRP、FNS、PNS、FCP、PCP值、胰島素抗體(INS-Ab)明顯高于對照組(P<0.05),且觀察組胰高血糖素樣肽(GLP)-1水平顯著低于對照組(P<0.05),見表2。

表2 兩組檢測指標對比

與對照組比較:1)P<0.05

3 討 論

DM患者神經(jīng)病變嚴重影響中樞及周圍神經(jīng)〔9~12〕。老年T2DM神經(jīng)病變是一種嚴重的慢性疾病,多在40歲之后發(fā)病,因患者體內(nèi)糖代謝紊亂,導(dǎo)致脂肪及蛋白質(zhì)等指標變化異常,促使血糖及血脂水平急劇升高,胰島素反應(yīng)降低且受到抑制導(dǎo)致惡性循環(huán),其臨床癥狀主要體現(xiàn)為:神經(jīng)疼痛、身體易出汗、四肢麻木等〔13~15〕。研究結(jié)果表示,老年T2DM患者HbA1c增加2%,就約有15%的患者死于心血管類疾病,我國約有2/3的DM患者的病情得不到有效治療〔16~18〕。

IL-1 是一種致炎細胞因子,能刺激集落刺激因子、血小板生長因子等細胞因子的產(chǎn)生和使T細胞產(chǎn)生IL-2,在免疫應(yīng)答和組織修復(fù)中起作用〔19,20〕。臨床上常采用ELISA法測定血清IL-1β的含量〔21〕。Jingbo等〔22〕認為IL-1β廣泛參與了人體組織破壞、水腫形成等多種病理損傷過程且能促進人β防御素-4的生成。Hcy為一種含硫氨基酸,Hcy不參與蛋白質(zhì)的合成,且其在人體內(nèi)的成分較少〔23〕。Hofmann等〔24〕認為其在人體中的重要作用之一就是維持機體硫氨基酸的平衡,其與動脈粥樣硬化有著密切的聯(lián)系,且與DM血管病變密切相關(guān)。sVCAM-1是糖蛋白的一種,據(jù)相關(guān)文獻報道,該分子結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜且參與多種細胞反應(yīng)過程〔25,26〕。Fu等〔27〕認為sVCAM-1與機體頸動脈斑塊密切相關(guān),其可以作為獨立因子且能反映老年T2DM內(nèi)皮損傷情況,該指標敏感性較高,因此可以作為一種觀察血管損傷的標志物。Li等〔28〕認為sVCAM-1與血管病變程度高度相關(guān),且sVCAM-1升高導(dǎo)致血管內(nèi)壁炎癥反應(yīng)加重促成小栓子形成,嚴重堵塞毛細血管加重病情。

老年T2DM患者神經(jīng)病變還與人體的炎癥因子IL-6、TNF-α、CRP密切相關(guān)〔29,30〕。本研究提示DM會導(dǎo)致炎癥因子水平上升加重病情。Jakimovska等〔31〕認為GLP-1是由腸道內(nèi)分泌細胞合成分泌的腸促胰島素,可顯著改善患者的血糖水平。老年T2DM的一個重要發(fā)病原因就是機體胰島功能逐步衰退,當(dāng)患者體內(nèi)的血糖指標急劇升高將作用于胰島細胞膜受體促進胰島素分泌〔32〕。綜上,血清IL-1β、HCY、sVCAM-1水平的變化可隨著老年T2DM患者周圍神經(jīng)的變化發(fā)生改變。

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