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以茶為媒,傳遞中國文化中國主張

2018-01-09 21:36鮑志成
文化交流 2018年1期
關(guān)鍵詞:茶杯青花瓷瓷器

鮑志成

2017年11月24日,中國共產(chǎn)黨與世界政黨高層對話會海報《共飲一泓水》和《美美與共、和而不同》正式發(fā)布。一石激起千層浪,頓時刷爆微信朋友圈:“高顏值”“意蘊深遠(yuǎn)”……網(wǎng)友對海報贊不絕口,好評如潮。小小一杯茶,為全球首次政黨間高層對話營造出一種清新脫俗的格調(diào)和開放、包容、和諧的氛圍。

兩幅茶主題海報蘊含著深刻文化內(nèi)涵,欣賞之余讓人遐想聯(lián)翩。中聯(lián)部發(fā)布的海報創(chuàng)意設(shè)計理念說,兩張海報以“茶”為主要創(chuàng)意元素,巧借中國以茶會友、品茶論道的文化傳統(tǒng)。在海報《共飲一泓水》中,一盞青花瓷茶杯中盛著清茶,杯內(nèi)茶水清澈,呈現(xiàn)出世界地圖的映象。青花瓷茶桌上,以茶杯為圓心擴散出圈圈漣漪,寓意“構(gòu)建人類命運共同體,共同建設(shè)美好世界”的主張影響深遠(yuǎn)。在海報《美美與共、和而不同》中,中式茶杯、阿拉伯式茶杯和西式咖啡杯象征與會政黨的廣泛代表性。三杯茶色澤清麗,水面呈現(xiàn)類似太極陰陽圖形的明暗區(qū)隔,寓指中國共產(chǎn)黨構(gòu)建人類命運共同體的主張與中國“和而不同”、“和諧相生”、“美美與共”等傳統(tǒng)哲學(xué)觀一脈相承的聯(lián)系。

客來奉茶,是中華民族的傳統(tǒng)禮俗。每當(dāng)有朋自遠(yuǎn)方來,奉上一杯新沏的熱氣騰騰、清香馥郁的好茶,是中國人自古以來就有的待客之道。在茶香裊裊、把盞品茗中,賓主之間寒暄問候,暢敘情誼、敘舊話新,在輕松和諧的對話交流氛圍中,增進了解,加深感情。這次中國共產(chǎn)黨與世界政黨首次對話,有來自120多個國家的300多個政黨和政治組織的600多位中外人士在北京共襄盛會,可謂高朋滿座,群英薈萃,濟濟一堂,其樂融融。大家都為了一個共同的崇高目標(biāo)——構(gòu)建人類命運共同體、攜手共建美好新世界聚集到一起,在品茶論道中交流治國理政之道,探求人類和平發(fā)展之路。在這樣高大上的歷史性場景中,以茶為元素設(shè)計會議海報,寄寓了客來奉茶、品茶論道的禮俗文化傳統(tǒng),富有儀式感和場景美雙重視覺傳達(dá)效果,堪稱創(chuàng)意設(shè)計運用傳統(tǒng)元素的經(jīng)典案例。

茶源自中國,茶和茶文化是華夏先民的眾多原創(chuàng)發(fā)明之一,也是中華民族對人類做出的偉大貢獻。十八大以來,習(xí)近平高度重視傳統(tǒng)文化的傳承發(fā)展,多次在國事外交中開展“茶敘外交”,從G20杭州峰會期間與時任美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬的“西湖茶話”,到與越共中央總書記阮富仲在人民大會堂澳門廳品茶,再到特朗普總統(tǒng)訪華第一站“故宮茶敘”,奉茶待客,茶話國事,以茶為禮,彰顯中國特色,得到中外各界高度好評。在重大雙邊、多邊會談或國際會議場合,他多次巧用茶事講述“中國故事”,以茶為媒,借古喻今,在中外人士中留下了深刻印象。一杯清茶,從百姓日常的待客禮俗到國家外交的至高禮節(jié),實現(xiàn)了從傳統(tǒng)民俗到現(xiàn)代國禮的傳承發(fā)展,完成了中華文化到世界文化的華麗轉(zhuǎn)型。一杯清茶,雅俗共賞,一身清氣,滿堂和美,簡約而莊重,文明而尊貴,恰似對“不要人夸顏色好,只留清氣滿乾坤”梅花品格的生動寫照?!笆糯蟆币院蟮氖讏鲋卮笾鲌鐾饨?,以茶為元素首次設(shè)計“預(yù)熱”海報,親切自然、恰到好處地詮釋了會議主題,營造了中國為主場的文化特色和民族氣派。

海報《共飲一泓水》中盛著清澈茶湯的青花瓷茶杯令人矚目。眾所周知,中國是瓷器發(fā)明國,唐宋以后中國瓷器大量從海上絲綢之路輸出到亞非歐各國,迄今在海絲沿線各地有大量中國瓷器出土(水)或被珍藏,成為歷史上中外文化交流的實物見證。燒造瓷器被贊譽為土與火的藝術(shù),作為中國寶貴的文化藝術(shù)形態(tài)之一,它被世界上許多國家和民族所珍視和喜愛,以致用china(瓷器)來稱呼中國,成為中國一個響當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)奈幕放坪臀幕?。熟悉瓷器歷史的人都知道,元代成熟并盛產(chǎn)的青花瓷,是用產(chǎn)自波斯卡山夸姆薩地方(今伊拉克境內(nèi))的氧化鈷礦為顏料,在瓷胎表面繪畫卷草、折枝、團花等紋飾,施加青釉在高溫下燒成后呈白底青花美麗圖案的瓷器。別具一格的裝飾效果和藝術(shù)風(fēng)格,成為中國瓷器藝術(shù)的一朵奇葩,深受中外各族人民喜愛。因此,青花瓷是絲綢之路中外文化交流的結(jié)晶,在它獨特的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格和文化意涵里,蘊藏著不同民族、不同信仰、不同文化交互融合、互為一體的深刻內(nèi)涵,彰顯著習(xí)近平提出的和平合作、開放包容、互學(xué)互鑒、互利共贏的“絲路精神”。用青花瓷茶盞為主體造型,來象征或喻指“構(gòu)建人類命運共同體、共同建設(shè)美好世界”的會議主題,真是再好不過了。

海報《共飲一泓水》在區(qū)區(qū)一盞茶湯的空間里呈現(xiàn)世界地圖的映象,還讓人聯(lián)想到中國茶文化“壺里乾坤大、杯中日月長”的說法。一壺茶,就是一個世界;一杯茶,就是一個人生。一壺雖小,里面卻別有洞天,一杯雖微,杯中可映日月,星空燦爛。在中國文化的視野里,具象的茶壺、茶杯具有了天地、日月乃至宇宙、天道的意蘊。因此,在一盞茶里呈現(xiàn)世界地圖的映象,既符合中國茶文化的傳統(tǒng)理念,也賦予了會議主題的當(dāng)下意義,更突出了東道主胸懷世界、勇于擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)奶煜虑閼押蜁r代使命。

在海報《美美與共、和而不同》中,中式茶杯、阿拉伯式茶杯和西式咖啡杯三套一組,象征著擁有不同國別背景、不同文化傳統(tǒng)和不同意識形態(tài)的政黨,在中國共產(chǎn)黨的倡議下坐在一起品茶論道、坦誠交流。

和平發(fā)展是時代發(fā)展大勢?!笆澜绯绷?,浩浩蕩蕩,順之則昌,逆之則亡?!敝袊伯a(chǎn)黨邀請世界各國政黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人匯聚一堂,以茶問道,共謀大計,攜手各國人民構(gòu)建更加美好的新世界,這不僅完全符合世界各國人民的良好意愿,也在根本上代表著全人類的共同利益。事實證明,中國的“一帶一路”倡議和積極推進的“互聯(lián)互通”“六大廊道”“亞投行”“絲路基金”等等,已經(jīng)獲得越來越多的國家的贊同和參與,我們的朋友圈正在不斷擴大,“中國智慧”、“中國方案”的影響力與日俱增。海報以青花瓷茶杯為圓心,擴散出一圈圈漣漪,寓意“構(gòu)建人類命運共同體、共同建設(shè)美好世界”的主張影響深遠(yuǎn),必將吸引越來越多的認(rèn)同者、支持者、同行者。endprint

中國共產(chǎn)黨與世界政黨高層對話會的主題,正是要探討“構(gòu)建人類命運共同體、共同建設(shè)美好世界”偉大征程中的“政黨責(zé)任”。以三套象征著世界飲茶文化版圖具有代表性的茶具,以及茶湯里通過明暗色調(diào)處理映現(xiàn)出的“太極圖”,隱喻陰陽平衡、世界和諧、和而不同、美美與共的中國傳統(tǒng)哲學(xué)思想和人類社會發(fā)展愿景,不僅具有生動易懂的藝術(shù)形式創(chuàng)新,更有寓意深刻的文化傳播價值。這次茶元素海報設(shè)計是我國重大主場外交活動運用茶文化講好“中國故事”、表達(dá)“中國理念”、傳播中華文化的成功探索,也為在推進“一帶一路”中實踐“茶和天下”的美好愿望提供了經(jīng)典案例。

Dialogue over a Cup of Tea

By Bao Zhicheng

On November 24, 2017, two posters were released for the Communist Party of China (CPC) in Dialogue with World Political Parties High-Level Meeting to be held in Beijing from November 30 to December 3, 2017. Cultural celebrities and tea professionals across the country responded warmly to the messages of the posters and the way they were delivered.

The two posters were titled “A Community with a Shared Future”.

The posters used “tea” as the main creative element, skillfully applying the Chinese cultural tradition of drinking tea with friends, which vividly reflected the theme of this dialogue that building a community with a shared future for mankind and building a beautiful world is the responsibility of world political parties.

One of the posters presented a cup of tea on a tea table. A map of the world is projected inside the cup as if the world were made of tealeaves. In another poster, a Chinese teacup, an Arabian teacup, and a western coffee cup stand side by side, all with tea water inside in the shape of the Ying Yang pattern.

Traditionally, Chinese welcome guests with a cup of tea. The tradition goes back to thousands of years ago. Over a cup of tea, the host and the guest can catch up with each other, do some small talks, and exchange serious ideas, and deepen friendship and understanding. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, President Xi Jinping has entertained foreign state leaders with a cup of tea. On key bilateral and multilateral occasions, he has told stories about China over a cup of tea. So it was all appropriate to give a tea treat to the guests from all over the world on the first international occasion after the conclusion of the 19th National Congress of the CPC.

The CPC dialogue with the world political leaders was unprecedented. Over 600 leaders of 300 plus political parties and organizations from 120 countries met in Beijing to build up a community with a shared future for mankind and build a beautiful world.

Some cultural critics have praised the posters for the ingenuous use of symbolisms. The posters served as a good example of relating China Story, and expressing Chinese concepts, and promoting Chinese culture to the world.endprint

The blue-white porcelain in the posters is eye-catching. It is well known that China exported chinaware to the outside world in ancient times. The making of blue-white porcelain matured in the Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368). The porcelain produced in China during this period was meant mainly for consumers in western and central Asian countries and regions. The dye stuff came from Persia and the blue patterns such as curled grass, incomplete twigs and balled flowers on the white porcelain were of the artistic tradition in that part of the world. It can be said that the blue-white porcelain resulted from cultural exchanges between China and the rest of the world. The porcelain was indeed a very appropriate symbol used for this high-level meeting of the world political leaders in Beijing.

The three teacups in one poster also symbolized three representative tea cultures in the world. The Taiji Pattern in the tea cups implies to the balance of Ying and Yang, the harmony of countries, harmony over disagreement for a shared future. These symbols are easy to understand and spread the useful concepts culturally. Cultural celebrities say that the posters were a good example of putting Chinese culture to good practice and that the posters will serve as an iconic case study for promoting the Belt & Road initiative in a cultural way.endprint

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