蘇唯謙
他曾經(jīng)是浙江非遺保護(hù)的領(lǐng)軍人物—
一個(gè)陽光燦爛的午后,筆者在浙江省文化廳見到了在輪椅上辦公的王淼先生。他思路敏捷、記憶超強(qiáng),談笑風(fēng)生,太讓人詫異啦!這是2016年底在醫(yī)院看到的那個(gè)王淼嗎?當(dāng)時(shí)他氣管插著呼吸機(jī),不能說話,與他交流得猜口型。未曾想,他居然又挺過來了。
提到王淼,浙江文化界無人不曉,不僅因?yàn)樗?jīng)是浙江非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)工作的領(lǐng)軍人物,還因?yàn)樗且晃凰闹c瘓卻又屢創(chuàng)奇跡的傳奇人物?!巴蹴怠眱勺炙坪醭闪苏憬沁z保護(hù)工作的標(biāo)桿,聲名遠(yuǎn)播全國(guó)非遺同行,影響力也遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)跨越了文化界。
他一次次與死神擦肩而過
王淼2003年起負(fù)責(zé)全省非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)普查工作,2008年任省非遺辦公室主任,2010年任首任非遺處處長(zhǎng)。他帶領(lǐng)團(tuán)隊(duì)忘我工作,成果斐然。他2007年獲全國(guó)非遺保護(hù)先進(jìn)工作者稱號(hào),2012年被省政府記個(gè)人一等功,2015年獲省委、省政府授予的省道德模范榮譽(yù)稱號(hào)。
王淼告訴筆者,1988年他從基層選調(diào)到省文化廳工作,至今已快30年了,先后三次進(jìn)過重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室。
第一次是1989年,他頸椎受傷,患上室管膜瘤,住進(jìn)上海華山醫(yī)院。手術(shù)后遺癥導(dǎo)致手抬不過肩、腳邁不過檻,頭頸也越來越僵硬。但他卻不辭辛勞,長(zhǎng)期加班加點(diǎn)。尤其是新世紀(jì)開展非遺工作以來,他懷著強(qiáng)烈的使命感和對(duì)民族文化的憂患意識(shí),與時(shí)間賽跑,贏得了非遺保護(hù)的黃金時(shí)間。
第二次是2014年10月29日,長(zhǎng)期超負(fù)荷運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的“超人”王淼暈倒在省文化廳會(huì)議室門口。妻子袁園哭著說:“我早提醒過他,這么拼命,遲早要倒下,他哪里聽得進(jìn)去?”他進(jìn)了浙醫(yī)二院重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室搶救,住院半個(gè)月后輾轉(zhuǎn)幾家醫(yī)院,到了北京博愛醫(yī)院治療。搶救、治療和康復(fù)的艱辛,一言難盡。據(jù)非遺處李虹介紹,王淼在京住院期間依然記掛工作,他提議編撰一套編年畫冊(cè)《浙江非遺這十年》。為此,他通過短信、微信、QQ等發(fā)回的意見多達(dá)四五百條。
2015年10月,王淼回到了工作崗位,四肢癱瘓的他辭去了非遺處長(zhǎng)職務(wù),轉(zhuǎn)任調(diào)研員。他說,“身體軀殼壞了不要緊,腦子沒壞就好。做不了大貢獻(xiàn),做點(diǎn)小事也行。”
第三次是2016年7月1日,這天一早,王淼想睡個(gè)回籠覺,不料一睡便昏死了過去。進(jìn)了浙醫(yī)二院重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室昏睡了12天!在ICU一住又是45天。轉(zhuǎn)院到省人民醫(yī)院治療后,筆者去探望時(shí),他插著喉管,不能說話,啞語難猜,以為這次他真的是“沒戲了”。不可思議的是,他竟又回來上班啦!
王淼,一次次與死神擦肩而過,又一次次起死回生!
他調(diào)侃說,權(quán)當(dāng)自己是醫(yī)科大學(xué)畢業(yè)分到醫(yī)院來工作,或是被派去醫(yī)院潛伏做臥底的,得扛住所有苦難。既然肩負(fù)使命,哪能叫苦?
創(chuàng)造非遺保護(hù)的“浙江經(jīng)驗(yàn)”
談到新世紀(jì)初興起的非遺保護(hù)熱潮,王淼記憶猶新。浙江作為全國(guó)非遺保護(hù)綜合性試點(diǎn)先行先試,大膽探索,為全國(guó)非遺保護(hù)開拓了新路。
想當(dāng)年,全國(guó)非遺大普查風(fēng)生水起,規(guī)模之大、涉面之廣、任務(wù)之重難以想象。非遺包羅萬象,怎么普查?從哪著手?時(shí)任省文化廳社會(huì)文化處副處長(zhǎng)的王淼認(rèn)為,普查要依靠群眾八仙過海各顯神通。兩個(gè)月后再來會(huì)商、攻關(guān)。
兩個(gè)月后,各普查試點(diǎn)代表會(huì)聚杭州交流。王淼綜合寧波、余杭等地經(jīng)驗(yàn),按“村報(bào)普查線索、鄉(xiāng)查重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目、縣做規(guī)范文本”的思路,將18個(gè)非遺門類統(tǒng)一為“一類一表”,清晰規(guī)范、簡(jiǎn)易實(shí)用,科學(xué)性、操作性強(qiáng),形成了浙江省非遺普查實(shí)施方案。
浙江非遺普查“拉網(wǎng)式”鋪開,“不漏村鎮(zhèn)、不漏線索、不漏種類、不漏藝人”。全省普查、收集整理發(fā)現(xiàn)線索270多萬條,調(diào)查項(xiàng)目15萬多個(gè),匯編資料3200多冊(cè),成果斐然。2008年11月,文化部在浙江象山召開全國(guó)非遺普查工作現(xiàn)場(chǎng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)交流會(huì)。浙江非遺普查成果展以市、縣為板塊,鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)為單元展示,場(chǎng)館內(nèi)仿佛砌起了一眼望不到盡頭的文化長(zhǎng)城,堆起的非遺“山巒”蔚為壯觀,令與會(huì)者震撼。
王淼說,“群眾是真正的英雄。普查成功,一是尊重基層的首創(chuàng)精神,先干不爭(zhēng)論,先試不議論,先做不評(píng)論,大膽試點(diǎn)、勇于探索、推出創(chuàng)舉,將事業(yè)做大;二是發(fā)動(dòng)群眾,依靠群眾,群眾發(fā)動(dòng)起來了,就能創(chuàng)造出人間奇跡?!?/p>
自2006年我國(guó)首個(gè)“文化遺產(chǎn)日”以來,國(guó)務(wù)院先后公布了四批國(guó)家級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄,浙江省蟬聯(lián)“四連冠”,現(xiàn)有“國(guó)遺”項(xiàng)目217項(xiàng),總量居全國(guó)第一。同時(shí),浙江有中國(guó)蠶桑絲織技藝、中國(guó)龍泉青瓷燒制技藝等8項(xiàng)目入選“人類非遺代表作名錄”;中國(guó)木拱橋營(yíng)造技藝、中國(guó)木活字印刷術(shù)2個(gè)項(xiàng)目入選聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織“急需保護(hù)的非遺名錄”,浙江10個(gè)項(xiàng)目上榜世界級(jí)非遺,居全國(guó)各省份之首。
筆者注意到一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié),國(guó)家級(jí)非遺項(xiàng)目申報(bào)書上有兩個(gè)欄目是浙江率先設(shè)立的,一是項(xiàng)目簡(jiǎn)介,另一個(gè)是表格后“保護(hù)計(jì)劃”需由當(dāng)?shù)厥锌h政府審簽意見并蓋章。王淼說,申報(bào)是手段,保護(hù)才是關(guān)鍵,保護(hù)好才能傳承好、利用好。
在激情燃燒的歲月里,王淼和全省23萬非遺工作者志愿者砥礪奮進(jìn),創(chuàng)造了非遺普查的“浙江模式”,非遺名錄的“浙江現(xiàn)象”,非遺保護(hù)的“浙江經(jīng)驗(yàn)”,獲全國(guó)贊譽(yù)和效仿。
將傳統(tǒng)文化融入每個(gè)人血液
2012年11月26日,浙江省美麗鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)中的非遺保護(hù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)會(huì)在桐廬召開,自此拉開了美麗非遺建設(shè)大幕。浙江省非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)節(jié)以“唱響美麗浙江,共享美好生活”為主題推出系列活動(dòng);“美麗非遺進(jìn)文化禮堂”“美麗非遺趕大集”“美麗非遺鄉(xiāng)村行動(dòng)”“美麗非遺志愿服務(wù)行動(dòng)”等,貫穿全年的美麗非遺活動(dòng)此起彼伏……“美麗非遺”成為浙江文化的重要品牌。endprint
浙江“美麗非遺”在我國(guó)對(duì)外和對(duì)港澳臺(tái)文化交流中更是異彩紛呈,在我國(guó)赴世界各國(guó)舉辦的“中國(guó)文化節(jié)”上,幾乎都能看到浙江非遺身影;浙江各市縣非遺項(xiàng)目每年大步“走出去”,僅臨安就有水龍、蠶龍、雙獅、響竹、豬八戒背媳婦等十多個(gè)非遺項(xiàng)目多次出訪國(guó)外;長(zhǎng)興百葉龍成為國(guó)家名片,在英國(guó)、瑞士、俄羅斯等十多個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)上演“最炫中國(guó)風(fēng)”。
王淼說:“樹無根不活,人無根不立,只有把根留住,才能把民族精神融入到每個(gè)人的血液中?!?/p>
浙江是南戲故鄉(xiāng),是戲劇大省,現(xiàn)有56項(xiàng)傳統(tǒng)戲劇項(xiàng)目列入省級(jí)非遺名錄,但正常演出不足三分之一。省文化廳要求“戲劇保護(hù)是一個(gè)文化戰(zhàn)略,浙江56個(gè)非遺戲劇項(xiàng)目一個(gè)都不能少”。王淼再次立下軍令狀:“要干就要干得出色,走在前列?!彼白プ〔环拧⒁蛔サ降住?,在很短時(shí)間里,啟動(dòng)了浙江省瀕危劇種守護(hù)行動(dòng),有計(jì)劃有步驟地強(qiáng)化深化瀕危劇種保護(hù)措施;召開“天下第一團(tuán)”保護(hù)傳承研討會(huì),探尋生存發(fā)展路徑;“亂彈正傳”、“目連傳奇”、“攤簧悠揚(yáng)”、“高腔遏云”等10個(gè)專場(chǎng)在各地相繼上演,“浙江好腔調(diào)”在浙江大地唱響。
王淼說,“每天都有新想法,一有想法就想做,經(jīng)常是一條線牽出一頭或九頭牛,聊一件事便聊出一堆事。”
2014年10月開始,王淼和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)高密度高強(qiáng)度地連軸轉(zhuǎn),匠心獨(dú)運(yùn)地組織繪制了《浙江省56個(gè)傳統(tǒng)戲劇項(xiàng)目分布圖》,掃一掃圖中二維碼,便可欣賞56個(gè)戲劇項(xiàng)目的唱腔;編撰出版了圖文并茂的《浙江好腔調(diào)56個(gè)傳統(tǒng)戲劇集萃》;拍攝了56個(gè)浙江傳統(tǒng)戲劇項(xiàng)目微紀(jì)錄片在浙江電視臺(tái)連續(xù)播出;評(píng)出首批浙江省傳統(tǒng)戲劇之鄉(xiāng)22個(gè);11月6日,由王淼具體策劃推出的浙江傳統(tǒng)戲劇之鄉(xiāng)授牌暨展演晚會(huì)在建德市新葉村精彩呈現(xiàn),他卻病倒了,被送進(jìn)浙醫(yī)二院重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室搶救治療。
這只是該階段王淼做的與傳統(tǒng)戲劇有關(guān)的部分工作。與此同時(shí),他主持完成了承辦“文化強(qiáng)國(guó)與海洋文化”第三屆中國(guó)非遺保護(hù)(舟山)論壇,“中國(guó)夢(mèng)想、美麗浙江”傳統(tǒng)手工藝主題創(chuàng)作展等幾項(xiàng)大事。他做事極其頂真,從布局謀篇到細(xì)枝末節(jié)全程把關(guān)、事必躬親,這得耗盡多少心力精力?王淼說,那個(gè)階段累得晚餐都不想吃,一碗皮蛋粥都覺油膩吃不下,體能嚴(yán)重透支。
其實(shí),王淼并非只是工作狂,他是個(gè)有情趣的人。筆者多次與他同赴基層,常聽他妙語連珠,有時(shí)讓人爆笑不止,有時(shí)激情解讀“詩和遠(yuǎn)方”。而走到山村,村民們爭(zhēng)先恐后拉他去自己家,那種熱絡(luò)和熟悉勁兒令人驚訝。記得那次去景寧縣鶴溪鎮(zhèn)雙后降村的國(guó)家級(jí)傳承人藍(lán)大媽家,她拉著王淼的手即興唱起畬族民歌“省城王處來我家……”,樂壞了圍觀群眾。
在曾掛職省文化廳非遺處的錢彬欣眼里,腦門錚亮、身形高瘦且略微佝僂的王淼神奇而睿智。2012年夏天曾為她策劃了一件“很潮”的事——上電視相親節(jié)目。“怎樣讓男生在萬千人中一眼看到你呢?”以王淼為首的親友團(tuán)認(rèn)為,凸顯非遺特色最好,便導(dǎo)演了讓小錢穿上傳統(tǒng)又時(shí)尚的漢服亮相。相親節(jié)目播出后,獲贊無數(shù)。最終,小錢牽得如意郎君歸。
“不是工作需要我,而是我需要工作”
現(xiàn)在,王淼每天上午堅(jiān)持康復(fù)治療,下午上班,晚上9點(diǎn)左右回醫(yī)院。他欣慰地告訴筆者,2017年6月有三件好事與他有關(guān):
一是在第四屆中國(guó)非遺保護(hù)(德清)論壇上,他執(zhí)筆起草了“共建共享精神家園(德清)共識(shí)”獲大會(huì)通過并由媒體發(fā)布。他認(rèn)為,建設(shè)精神家園是時(shí)代的重大命題,但學(xué)術(shù)研究方面還是空缺和難點(diǎn)。他在主旨演講中說:“每個(gè)人心中都有個(gè)精神家園,它是人人向往的地方,里邊是家國(guó)情懷,是正能量,是滿滿的幸福感?!?/p>
二是他倡議并參與籌建的浙江非遺文獻(xiàn)館在運(yùn)河廣場(chǎng)開館,面積約2000平方米,設(shè)計(jì)藏書量6萬冊(cè),含借閱區(qū)、活態(tài)展示區(qū)、文獻(xiàn)典藏室等,是全國(guó)首家非遺主題文獻(xiàn)館,該館為認(rèn)識(shí)浙江乃至全國(guó)非遺提供了新視角和途徑。
三是他從事非遺保護(hù)15年來凝成105萬字的“浙江非遺保護(hù)工作三部曲”獲首屆浙江省非遺圖書“十佳”獎(jiǎng)。
王淼說:“我的人生已進(jìn)入倒計(jì)時(shí),也許時(shí)日無多,也許還有漫長(zhǎng)的艱難歲月。既然活著,就要講活著的意義和價(jià)值。人生原本沒有價(jià)值,但可以創(chuàng)造價(jià)值。”
“我要上班,不是工作需要我,而是我需要工作,我還有心愿未了?!蓖蹴嫡f有兩件事:一是為美麗中國(guó)建言;二是為健康中國(guó)獻(xiàn)策。
他說:“這兩年多的住院經(jīng)歷,體驗(yàn)到了常人沒有的艱難。我國(guó)康復(fù)事業(yè)剛起步,有許多誤區(qū),我有必要將所見所感整理出來,也算為健康中國(guó)做點(diǎn)力所能及的事?!?/p>
如今,他脖子以下的肢體已全沒知覺。我們交談時(shí),每隔一兩個(gè)小時(shí),同事就扶他站起來一會(huì)兒,讓他換個(gè)姿勢(shì),看著讓人動(dòng)容。
王淼動(dòng)情地表示:人這一輩子不知道自己什么時(shí)候突然就走了,但只要還有一口氣,我將繼續(xù)爬坡,努力為人民構(gòu)建詩意棲息的精神家園,直到謝幕的那一天……
A ‘Superman
on Wheelchair
By Su Weiqian
A chat with Wang Miao, a quadriplegic ‘superman, was more than enough for me to understand the meaning of the word ‘willpower. To describe the man as a ‘workaholic is an understatement. The man has worked miracles from the hospital ward and his wheelchair, and contributed a magnificent chapter in the cultural heritage conservation of Zhejiang Province. His name has become a marker post in the provinces cultural protection endeavors.endprint
Wang Miao joined the cultural heritages general survey team back in 2003, and has been burning the candle at both ends since then. Over the three decades of work with the Zhejiang Province Cultural Department, he was sent to ICU three times.
The post-operation sequelae of an ependymoma (a tumor that arises from the ependyma, a tissue of the central nervous system) cause by a cervical vertebra injury in 1989 turned his daily work routines into a formidable task and made Wang Miao an incurable ‘work machine. Overwork took toll on his body again in 2014. The ‘superman collapsed in the office and rubbed shoulders with death. Bed-ridden in a hospital in Beijing, he spent all his waking hours sending back editorial comments for a book he had always wanted to put together as a summary of the accomplishments of Zhejiang Provinces cultural protection in the past decade.
Zhejiang Province is a trailblazer in the national cause of cultural heritage protection. Conducted by a team led by Wang Miao, the preliminary phase of the provincial general survey concluded successfully in November of 2008, laying a solid foundation for more intensive work. The passion and enterprise of all the 230,000 cultural heritages protection volunteers has also been contributing to what is hailed by insiders as the ‘Zhejiang mode and ‘Zhejiang experiences.
He resigned from his position as the head of the team in October of 2015, when he showed up in his office quadriplegic but high-spirited as before. “I can still contribute what I can, as long as my brain is good enough to function,” he joked.
The nightmare struck again in the summer of 2016. When trying to take a nap, he fell into a coma that left him in the ICU room for 45 days. He was later on intubation and respirator support, but miraculously made his comeback again.
“A tree without roots firmly in the ground cannot thrive. For a nation, the ‘cultural roots are the spiritual spine,” Wang Miao said. To transfuse the spinal spirit into the blood of more people, Wang Miao led a team to focus on the protection of savable folk operas in Zhejiang Province, working out effective strategies to bring the colorful ‘Zhejiang rhythm into an unprecedentedly wide audience.
“It is all about taking actions to transform ideas into reality, and it was a lot of brainstorming and the excitement of seeing progresses made every day,” Wang Miao concluded.
After a whole month of sleepless nights in the fall of 2014, Wang Miao and his team mapped out a ‘Zhejiang opera genome and crafted a documentary which was later aired on Zhejiang TV. November 6 saw the success of an ‘opera night in Xinye Village, Jiande. That night, an exhausted Wang Miao collapsed and wound up in the ICU again.
In the days when his health conditions worsened to a dangerous level, his team raised the curtains of the 3rd China Cultural Heritages Protection Forum in Zhoushan Archipelago and a major exhibition of traditional Zhejiang arts and crafts.
Still in his rehabilitation, Wang Miao nowadays spends his daytime in his office and checks in at around 9 at night for his hospital routines. “My life is entering into its countdown stage. How I am going to go through my remaining days is hard to figure, but one thing is for sure, that is, I must make every awaking hour of mine valuable. Life is meaningless, but I can make it as meaningful as I can. I must go to work, not because the work cannot be done without me, but because I want to contribute.”
While chatting with me, Wang Miao took a break every hour or so and stood up from the wheelchair for a while with assistance of his colleagues.endprint