河南 龐先慶 張義軍

高中英語讀寫一體化課堂實踐

河南 龐先慶 張義軍

下面結(jié)合“七選五”型閱讀理解和概要寫作課堂設計為例，探討如何實現(xiàn)英語文本讀寫技能融合。

【材料來源】

http://www.wikihow.com/Protect-Your-Eyes-when-Using-a-Computer

http://www.webmd.com/eye-health/good-eyesight

http://learnwithmontina.com/5-ways-how-to-maintaingood-eye-health/

【教學文本】

閱讀以下短文，根據(jù)要求完成短文后的讀寫任務。

新鮮度★★★★★ 難度★★☆☆☆話題 健康關鍵詞eyesight體裁 說明文 短文詞數(shù) 268 建議時間 6 正確率 /5

Nowadays most people have bad eyesight. Don’t take your eyes for granted. Here are some tips to protect your eyesight.

★Eat for good vision.

Protecting your eyes starts with the food on your plate.Nutrients such as vitamin C and vitamin E may help avoid vision problems.You can choose green vegetables, eggs,beans and other non-meat protein sources.

★Wear sunglasses for good vision.

★Quit smoking.

Smoking makes you more likely to getcataracts, optic nerve damage, and macular degeneration. If you’ve tried to quit smoking before and started smoking again, keep trying.The more times you try to quit smoking, the more likely you are to succeed.

Staring at a computer screen can cause so many problems:dry eyes，headaches and neck，back and shoulder pain. To protect your eyes, you can position your computer so that your eyes are level with the top of the monitor. This allows you to look slightly down at the screen. Try to avoid glare on your computer from windows and lights. Use an anti-glare screen if needed. Every 5 minutes, rest your eyes by looking 5 feet away for 5 seconds.

★Visit your eye doctor regularly.

Everyone, even young children, should get their eyes examined regularly.They can also find some eye diseases, such asglaucoma. The earlier the diseases are found,the easier they are to be treated.

【W(wǎng)ord Bank】glaucoman.青光眼 cataractsn.白內(nèi)障

【課堂設計分析】

此題要求根據(jù)所給短文進行讀寫一體化課堂實踐。課堂實踐時，需采用合理步驟，以確保順利完成讀寫任務。本文可遵循以下思路和步驟進行寫作教學設計：

一、篇章解讀

整體閱讀可知，本文是一則說明文，文章主旨大意為“Tips to Protect Your Eyesight”，主要向讀者介紹了保護視力的幾種方法。第一段的前兩句話是本文的起引段落，點明文章話題；接著通過過渡句“Here are some tips to protect your eyesight.”引出以下五個段落，向讀者具體介紹了保護視力的幾種方法或注意事項。其思維導圖如下：

二、 閱讀理解

根據(jù)以上短文內(nèi)容，從下面選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

A. Eye exams help you protect your sight and see your best.

B. Use safety eyewear.

C. Look away from the computer for good eye health.

D. The right kind of sunglasses will help protect your eyes from the sun’s ultraviolet rays.

E. Regularly eating nutritious foods can help lead to good eye health.

F. Wear glasses when examined under the guidance of your doctor.

G. At least every two hours, get up and take a 15-minute break.

1. __________ 2.___________ 3.___________ 4. __________ 5._____

［答案解析］

1. E 段落小標題 “Eat for good vision.”意為“吃出好視力”，選項E意為“定期吃有營養(yǎng)的食物可以促進視力健康”，由此可知選項E符合題意。

2. D 選項D中的 “sunglasses”與小標題 “Wear sunglasses for good vision.”相呼應，故選D。

3. C 選項C中的 “the computer”與下文的 “Staring at a computer screen can cause so many problems: dry eyes,headaches and neck, back and shoulder pain.”的內(nèi)容相呼應，故選C項。

4. G 空白處前面的“Every 5 minutes, rest your eyes by looking 5 feet away for 5 seconds” 意為“每隔5分鐘，把目光移到5英尺遠的地方，休息5分鐘”， 選項G意為“至少每兩個小時就要站起來并且休息15分鐘”。可知該選項與上文意義一致。

5. A 選項A中的關鍵信息 “Eye exams”與上文的 “get their eyes examined regularly”在意義上一致。故此處選A項。

［誤解分析］因為A和D兩個選項中都包含“protect”這個詞，會造成語境理解錯誤，此處容易誤選D項。

［難句分析］

原文：To protect your eyes, you can position your computer so that your eyes are level with the top of the monitor.

譯文：為了保護你的眼睛，你可以決定電腦的位置，這樣你的眼睛就與顯示器齊平。

分析：you can position your computer是主句，不定式短語To protect your eyes在主句中作目的狀語；so that your eyes are level with the top of the monitor是so that引導的結(jié)果狀語從句。

三、語句練習

根據(jù)上面閱讀短文中出現(xiàn)過的短語和表達方式，完成下面的句子。

1.媽媽總是早早地準備早餐以便我能按時上學。

Mother is always ready for breakfast early ___________ I can go to school on time.

2. 我們越憤怒就越有可能去接近讓我們憤怒的事物。

_____we are,____________ we are to move towards the object of our anger.

3. 不要想當然地認為那些入學考試獲得好成績的人是最成功的。

Don’t ____________ that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful.

4.句子的第一個詞應以大寫字母開頭。

The first word of a sentence should____________ a capital letter.

5. 通常情況下,緊張的時候做一下深呼吸是一個不錯的主意。

Generally speaking, ____________ take a deep breath when you are nervous.

【答案】

1. so that 2. The angrier；the more likely 3. take it for granted 4.start with 5. it’s a good idea to

四、讀后寫作

閱讀上面的短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。

［寫作指導］

審題分析

從寫作素材看，這是一篇說明文，本篇作文必須涉及下面幾個要點：

1.內(nèi)容要點、應用詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)量和準確性；

2.時態(tài)的正確使用，一般現(xiàn)在時和一般將來時相結(jié)合；

3.闡述理由時要合理，要有一定的說服力。

思路點撥

這篇作文可從以下三點入手：

1.引出話題：視力問題存在的普遍性；

2.承上啟下：采取措施對視力保護的重要性；

3.視力保護措施：合理飲食；佩戴太陽鏡；戒煙；遠離電腦屏幕；定期檢查。

［高分范文］

There is no denying that nowadays most people have a problem with their eyesight. (要點1) Some measures to take can be important for your eyesight protection. (要點2)First, besides wearing sunglasses for good vision, you had better eat nutritious foods, which can improve eye health. (要點3,4) ① Second, quitting smoking and looking away from the computer will be good for eye health. (要點5) Of course,regular eye exams help a lot, which can prevent some eye diseases from happening. (要點 6) ②(67 words)全文除使用have a problem with（在……方面有問題或困難），take measures（采取措施），be good for（對……有好處），prevent ...from... （阻止……做……或阻止某事的發(fā)生）等高級詞語外，還應用了以下句式：①句子開頭的順序詞first保證了說明的條理性和行文的層次性；句子使用了There is no denying that...②本句含有which引導的非限制性定語從句。

高分揭秘

這篇作文緊緊圍繞“視力保護”展開事理性說明，說明中注意到了語句的完整性，表達用詞和語法結(jié)構(gòu)的多樣化，并且注意到了上下文的銜接和過渡，較好地完成了概要寫作任務。

1.用詞方面，本文使用了have a problem with，take measures，be good for，prevent...from...，protection，nutritious，improve，quit，had better，smoking，look away from，disease等詞語。

2.語法和句式靈活，使用了There is no denying that+從句，定語從句，動名詞短語作主語等。

3.本題滿分25分，本范文得分21分。

［學生例文］

Nowadays most people have a problem of their eyesight.(要點1) So take measures can be important for your eyesight protection. (要點2) First, besides wearing sunglasses, you had better eat nutritious foods, that can improve eye health. (要點3,4)Second, give up smoking and looking away from the computer will be good for eye health. (要點5) Of course, regular eye exams can prevent some eye diseases. (要點6) (58 words)

失誤診斷

1.詞匯使用錯誤：have a problem of their eyesight中的of應改為with，固定詞組have a problem with意為“在……方面有問題或困難”。

2.語法使用錯誤：（1）take measures中的take應改為taking，或在其前面加上不定式符號to，因為這里應該是非謂語形式作主語，而動詞原形不能用來作主語。同理，give up應改為giving up或to give up。（2）that can improve eye health中的that應改為which, which可以引導非限制性定語從句，而that不能。

【教學總結(jié)】

“閱讀”和“寫作”不僅是高中英語學習中最為關鍵的兩個環(huán)節(jié)，更是高考英語試卷全面評估學生英語水平的重要測試題型。閱讀是寫作的基礎，讀和寫是相輔相成的。英語學習中，既要加強閱讀教學，又要加強讀寫聯(lián)系，做到讀寫滲透，讀寫結(jié)合。通過讀寫一體化課堂實踐，達到以讀促寫、以寫促讀，從而提高學生的語言感悟能力和表達能力。

河南省鎮(zhèn)平縣雪楓中學）