張國旭, 武曉丹, 王 秋, 王治國, 戰(zhàn) 瑩, 張 彤, 郝珊瑚
沈陽軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院 核醫(yī)學科,遼寧 沈陽 110016
·論 著·
18F-FDG PET/CT與血清腫瘤標志物在乳腺癌術后隨訪過程中相關性研究
張國旭, 武曉丹, 王 秋, 王治國, 戰(zhàn) 瑩, 張 彤, 郝珊瑚
沈陽軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院 核醫(yī)學科,遼寧 沈陽 110016
目的探討18F-FDG PET/CT顯像聯合血清CA153、CEA在乳腺癌術后隨訪過程中的應用價值。方法選取沈陽軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院2012—2016年收治68例乳腺癌術后患者作為研究對象。所有患者均行18F-FDG PET/CT顯像和常規(guī)乳腺影像檢查(CT、超聲和MRI),結合臨床病理及隨訪結果,將PET/CT顯像結果與常規(guī)影像檢查進行比較,探討腫瘤標志物CA153和CEA與PET/CT顯像結果的相關性。結果與常規(guī)乳腺檢查(CT、超聲和MRI)比較,PET/CT具有更高的靈敏度和特異性,可以發(fā)現更多轉移灶。CA153、CEA單獨診斷的特異度分別為93.3%、96.6%,靈敏度為55.3%、42.1%,兩者聯合診斷的靈敏度為68.4%,較單獨檢測差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。PET/CT真陽性的患者中,血清CA153的水平明顯高于真陰性組(P<0.05),血清CEA水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。結論與常規(guī)檢查方法(CT、超聲和MRI)比較,PET/CT顯像在乳腺癌術后隨訪過程中監(jiān)測復發(fā)和轉移具有優(yōu)勢,PET/CT真陽性患者的血清CA153水平較真陰性患者顯著升高,表明腫瘤標志物在隨訪過程中具有重要的監(jiān)測價值。
18F-脫氧葡萄糖; 正電子發(fā)射斷層; CA153; CEA; 乳腺癌
乳腺癌是威脅全世界女性健康的惡性腫瘤之一,我國乳腺癌的發(fā)病率具有逐年上升并年輕化的趨勢[1-2]。約30%乳腺癌患者有復發(fā)或轉移的風險,治療后臨床隨訪過程中轉移和復發(fā)的鑒別診斷具有挑戰(zhàn)性,需要進行多項指標聯合診斷以提高患者生存率[3]。臨床上常規(guī)采用CT、MRI、超聲、X線鉬靶等影像學方法對乳腺癌術后患者進行隨訪,但這些方法在術后復發(fā)轉移診斷中敏感性較低,誤診和漏診率相對較高[4]。研究發(fā)現,18F-FDG PET/CT可提高乳腺癌患者術后復發(fā)和轉移的診出率,提前發(fā)現病變[4-5]。血清腫瘤標志物CA153和CEA在乳腺癌的診斷、療效評價、復發(fā)轉移監(jiān)測和預后方面具有重要的意義,但缺乏敏感性和特異性[6-7]。本研究旨在評價PET/CT顯像聯合血清腫瘤標志物CA153、CEA在乳腺癌術后復發(fā)和轉移診斷中的應用價值?,F報道如下。
1.1 一般資料 選取2012年10月至2016年1月就診于沈陽軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院的乳腺癌患者68例,均為女性;年齡30~75歲,平均年齡(54.8±5.6)歲。所有患者均已行乳腺癌根治術且術后病理確診為乳腺癌,術后隨訪過程中均進行CT、超聲及MRI,懷疑乳腺癌轉移至首次PET/CT檢查時間為2~3個月,并于行PET/CT一周內規(guī)律復查血清腫瘤標志物CA153和CEA,患者術后治療(放療、化療等)距血清CA153、CEA測定和PET/CT檢查以及常規(guī)影像檢查至少3個月(盡可能排除治療對本次隨訪結果的影響)。經隨訪和病理等證實,無復發(fā)轉移30例;36例發(fā)生轉移,其中,包括肺轉移、腦轉移、肝轉移、淋巴結轉移、骨轉移。
1.2 研究方法
1.2.1 影像學檢查 PET/CT檢查采用GE Discovery VCT PET/CT儀。患者檢查前空腹6 h以上,血糖水平<11.1 mmol/L。靜脈注入18F-FDG(180~370 MBq),靜臥40 min后,行頭頸部或全身PET/CT掃描,3 min/床位,頭部采集2~3個床位,全身采集5~7個床位。PET數據經低劑量CT進行衰減校正、迭代法重建后進行橫斷面、冠狀面及矢狀面多幅圖像顯示。搜集患者所有影像學資料,圖像由具有多年影像診斷經驗的兩名核醫(yī)學醫(yī)師采用雙盲法閱片,診斷結果經兩位或以上醫(yī)師達成一致意見方可記錄。采用半定量法勾畫病灶ROI,利用固有軟件計算最大標準攝取值(SUVmax),記錄患者的每一個18F-FDG高攝取病灶,可疑病灶加掃延遲顯像。常規(guī)影像學檢查患者檢查均在患者隨訪過程中進行。
1.2.2 血清CA153及CEA測定 采用化學發(fā)光分析儀對乳腺癌術后患者靜脈血血清CA153和CEA水平進行檢測,以病理或隨訪結果為診斷“金標準”,本院血清的正常參考值為30 U/ml、5 ng/ml,聯合陽性為其中一種腫瘤標志物為陽性。
2.118F-FDG PET/CT顯像與常規(guī)影像檢查結果 常規(guī)影像檢查發(fā)現98個可疑病灶,其中50個病灶證實為惡性,分別為局部復發(fā)6(8)個,肺轉移18(22)個,淋巴結轉移10(29)個,僅在腋窩淋巴結,肝轉移6(19)個,骨轉移10(20)個。18F-FDG PET/CT顯像發(fā)現215個可疑高攝取病灶,其中,182個病灶在病理或隨訪過程中證實為惡性的,其中局部復發(fā)16(17)個,肺轉移36(43)個,骨轉移69(80)個,淋巴結轉移34(41)個,其中腋窩淋巴結22(25)個,縱膈淋巴結12(16)個,肝轉移16(21)個,腦轉移11(13)個。以病灶分析,PET/CT顯像較常規(guī)影像檢查能夠發(fā)現更多復發(fā)轉移灶(P<0.05)。以患者分析68例患者行PET/CT顯像, PET/CT對乳腺癌治療后復發(fā)和轉移診斷的靈敏性、特異度分別為94.7%、83.3%,而常規(guī)影像分別為71.1%、60.0%。PET/CT陽性預測值和陰性預測值分別為87.8%、92.6%,而常規(guī)影像檢查分別為69.2%、62.1%。具體見表1~2。
2.2 CA153和CEA及二者聯合在乳腺癌術后復發(fā)和轉移中診斷價值 CA153、CEA單獨診斷的特異度分別為93.3%、96.6%,靈敏度為55.3%、42.1%,兩者聯合診斷的靈敏度為68.4%,與單獨檢測差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05,表3)。
表1 PET/CT顯像對乳腺癌術后患者復發(fā)和轉移的診斷結果
表2 常規(guī)影像對乳腺癌術后復發(fā)和轉移的診斷結果
表3 CA153和CEA及二者聯合在乳腺癌術后復發(fā)和轉移中診斷價值/例(百分率/%)
2.3 PET/CT顯像與CA153、CEA診斷患者復發(fā)和轉移的相關性研究 經病理或隨訪驗證,PET/CT顯像結果包括36例真陽性患者,25例真陰性患者,CEA水平在PET/CT陽性和陰性患者中差異沒有統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),而在PET/CT真陽性患者中CA153水平明顯高于真陰性患者(P<0.05)。見表4。
表4 PET/CT真陽性與真陰性血清CA153和CEA值比較
乳腺癌是臨床常見的惡性腫瘤,術后的復發(fā)或轉移常常無癥狀或癥狀輕微,因此早期檢測和復發(fā)轉移定位對于乳腺癌患者選擇治療的最佳時間窗具有重要的指導意義[8]。
18F-FDG PET/CT顯像的原理是惡性腫瘤對葡萄糖的攝取增加,能夠較早的發(fā)現異常代謝的腫瘤,在腫瘤的分期、術后復發(fā)和轉移中具有獨特的優(yōu)勢[9]。目前認為PET/CT在乳腺癌術后患者隨訪中腫瘤標志物升高的有效診斷方法[10]。李囡等[11]對56例術后CA153或CEA升高的乳腺癌術后患者的復發(fā)轉移研究發(fā)現,18F-FDG PET/CT診斷的敏感度為95.24%、特異度為92.86%,準確性為94.64%、陽性預測值為97.56%,陰性預測值為86.67%。Champion等[12]對228例乳腺癌術后患者的PET/CT顯像結果研究顯示,診斷的敏感度、特異性、準確性、陽性預測值和陰性預測值93.6%、85.4%、92.1%、96.7%和74.5%。陳國林等[13]分析了乳腺癌術后PET/CT檢出的372個病灶,結果表明PET/CT的診斷的敏感度為88.0%,特異性為50.0%,準確性為84.9%,陽性預測值為95.3%,陰性預測值26.8%。本研究結果顯示18F-FDG PET/CT顯像經病理或隨訪證實共發(fā)現182個惡性病灶,其中假陽性33個,包括肺、淋巴結,骨,肺,肝,腦等部位,較常規(guī)影像學手段能夠發(fā)現更多的惡性病灶(P<0.05),以患者分析,PET/CT顯像診斷的敏感度、特異性、陽性預測值和陰性預測值分別為94.7%、83.3%、87.8%、92.6%,較常規(guī)影像學方法具有更高的診斷效能。
乳腺癌患者治療后隨訪過程中腫瘤標志物水平的持續(xù)升高與腫瘤細胞的活性與增長相關,在一定水平上可提示腫瘤的復發(fā)或轉移[14]。血清腫瘤標記物檢測作為一種簡單經濟的篩查方法,目前已廣泛應用于臨床術后腫瘤的復發(fā)和轉移中,以CA153,CA152,CEA,CA199最為常用,其中CA153的特異性最好。Stieber等[15]在研究753例乳腺癌治療后患者CA153升高水平在腫瘤早期復發(fā)或轉移的預測價值中發(fā)現,CA153和CEA的診斷特異性大于98.0%,敏感度分別為55.6%、40.6%,聯合診斷的靈敏度為66.3%。本研究結果顯示,CA153、CEA單獨診斷的特異度分別為93.3%、96.6%,靈敏度為55.3%、42.1%,兩者聯合診斷的靈敏度為68.4%,與上述研究基本一致。但復發(fā)轉移組兩種指標聯合診斷的靈敏度和特異性較單獨檢測沒有統(tǒng)計學意(P>0.05),診斷靈敏度不理想,且腫瘤標志物的升高并不能確定復發(fā)或轉移的病灶部位。研究發(fā)現,血清CA153水平的升高可能與腫瘤的復發(fā)轉移相關[11-12]。本研究通過比較PET/CT顯像真陽性患者與真陰性患者CA153與CEA水平的變化,發(fā)現PET/CT顯像真陽性患者血清CA153水平明顯高于真陰性患者(P<0.05),CEA水平沒有顯著性差異,與上述研究一致。
綜上所述,術后規(guī)律復查腫瘤標志物與PET/CT顯像聯合對乳腺癌術后復發(fā)轉移具有一定臨床價值。本研究尚存在一定的局限性,參與本研究患者數量相對較少,部分患者存在未取病理直接放化療的情況,可能會給研究結果帶來偏差,臨床推廣有待于進一步擴大隨訪樣本數量。
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Correlationbetween18F-FDGPET/CTandserumtumormarkersinpostoperativefollow-upofbreastcanceroperation
ZHANG Guo-xu,WU Xiao-dan,WANG Qiu,WANG Zhi-guo,ZHAN Ying,ZHANG Tong,HAO Shan-hu
(Department of Nuclear Medicine,The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command,Shenyang 110016,China)
ObjectiveTo investigate the value of18F-FDG PET/CT combined with serum CA153 and CEA in the postoperative follow-up of breast cancer operation.MethodsA retrospective study was performed on 68 cases of patients who underwent breast cancer operation from 2012 to 2016.Patients were performed18F-FDG PET/CT and normal mammography(CT,ultrasound and MRI).The results of PET/CT imaging were compared with those of conventional imaging.The correlation between CA153,CEA and PET/CT findings was also investigated.ResultsPET/CT had higher sensitivity and specificity compared with conventional breast examinations(CT,ultrasound and MRI),and more metastases foci were found.The sensitivity of CA153 and CEA was 93.3% and 96.6%,respectively,and the sensitivity was 55.3% and 42.1%.The sensitivity of the combined diagnostic was 68.4%,which was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The serum levels of CA153 were significantly higher in patients with PET/CT true-positive than in those in true-negative group(P<0.05),and there was no statistically significant difference in CEA serum level(P>0.05).ConclusionPET/CT imaging has an advantage in monitoring recurrence and metastasis during the postoperative follow-up of breast cancer operation compared with routine examination methods(CT,ultrasound and MRI).Serum CA153 levels in patients with PET/CT positive increases,indicating that tumor markers in the follow-up process has an important monitoring value.
18F-deoxyglucose; Positron emission tomography; CA153; CEA; Breast cancer
張國旭(1973-),男,遼寧鐵嶺人,主任醫(yī)師,碩士
郝珊瑚,E-mail:haoshanhu3257@163.com
2095-5561(2017)06-0378-04DOI∶10.16048/j.issn.2095-5561.2017.06.14
2017-06-06