孫黎+張麗華
(本課選自人教版義務(wù)教育課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)教科書《英語(yǔ)》九年級(jí)。)
教材分析
該單元話題是談?wù)撐覀兯l(fā)生的變化(How we have changed)。 Section B 部分在Section A 的話題基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行延伸和拓展,由描述人物性格,外貌變化轉(zhuǎn)向討論人物行為習(xí)慣、愛(ài)好;在語(yǔ)言上,該部分除了進(jìn)一步鞏固Section A 所學(xué)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)言內(nèi)容外,還復(fù)習(xí)鞏固了有關(guān)行為習(xí)慣及愛(ài)好的短語(yǔ),同時(shí)還通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇呈現(xiàn)了其他詞語(yǔ);從技能上看,該部分由聽(tīng)、說(shuō)轉(zhuǎn)向綜合性的聽(tīng)、讀、寫的訓(xùn)練;從學(xué)習(xí)策略上看,教材側(cè)重訓(xùn)練學(xué)生利用上下文線索進(jìn)行推導(dǎo)判斷,確認(rèn)語(yǔ)句位置及解讀詞語(yǔ)含義的閱讀策略及能力。另外,Section B 的閱讀部分介紹了一位鄉(xiāng)村少年的成長(zhǎng)故事,目的在于喚起學(xué)生的關(guān)愛(ài)之心,使其懂得親情的可貴,理解父母的責(zé)任,并能在成長(zhǎng)的道路上注重心理健康。
教學(xué)目標(biāo)
1.語(yǔ)言知識(shí)目標(biāo)
掌握單詞:seldom,influence,absent,fail,exactly,context,examination等。
正確使用下列常用表達(dá):boarding school;in person;take pride in; be proud of。
復(fù)習(xí)鞏固有關(guān)行為習(xí)慣及愛(ài)好的短語(yǔ),通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇學(xué)習(xí)其他詞匯。
2.語(yǔ)言技能目標(biāo)
指導(dǎo)學(xué)生掌握閱讀技巧,快讀,細(xì)讀。
能根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境推測(cè)生詞、短語(yǔ)以及篇章的含義。
3.學(xué)習(xí)策略
能利用上下文線索進(jìn)行推斷判斷,確認(rèn)語(yǔ)句位置及解讀詞語(yǔ)含義的閱讀策略及能力。
能根據(jù)篇章內(nèi)容的前后邏輯聯(lián)系判斷缺失信息。
能靈活運(yùn)用不同的短語(yǔ)表達(dá)同樣的含義。
4.情感態(tài)度
教育學(xué)生要正視過(guò)去。
教育學(xué)生遇到困難時(shí)要積極找尋解決辦法,懂得感恩父母。
5.文化意識(shí)
自我完善(Self-improvement)。
教學(xué)重、難點(diǎn)
教學(xué)重點(diǎn):閱讀篇章中出現(xiàn)的新單詞、新短語(yǔ)的意義。閱讀策略:Using Context在閱讀篇章中的應(yīng)用,以及根據(jù)篇章內(nèi)容的前后邏輯聯(lián)系判斷缺失信息。
教學(xué)難點(diǎn):運(yùn)用閱讀策略根據(jù)上下文線索斷判斷,確認(rèn)語(yǔ)句位置及解讀詞語(yǔ)含義的閱讀策略及綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。
教學(xué)步驟
●Step One Leading-in and new words
1.Greeting and leading-in
T:Hello, everyone. This lesson well learn English together. I am from Mu Danjiang No.16 Middle School. My name is Sun Li,and you can call me Ms Sun. Dont be nervous. You are the best. Are you ready?Class begins.Good morning,class!
Ss:Good morning, Ms Sun.
T:Before the class,I want to ask you,did you use to have problems in school? If you have problems,did you talk with your parents?
S1:Yes,I did,and I always talked with my mother.
S2:Yes,I did,but I didnt like to talk to my parents.
T:I think you are lucky. If you have problems, you have someone to share your problems with. But some children are not as lucky as you are. If they have problems, they have no parents to help them. They are stay-at-home children.
T:(Show some pictures about the stay-at-home children) What do you think of them?
S1:They miss their parents.
S2:They feel lonely and unhappy.
T:Yes.You are so clever. OK.Today lets read a passage about a stay-at-home child.Lets learn Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark. Section B 2a-2f. (Write “Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark. Section B 2a-2f” on the blackboard.)
2.New words learning
T:Please look at the pictures. Where are their parents?
Their parents seldom come back home. seldom adv. 很少;不常.
Some students may fail some examinations. Fail v. 失敗. examination n. 考試.endprint
Some students still study hard. Their parents take pride in them. Take pride in= be proud of 為……而驕傲.
This is exactly what they need. exactly adv. 確切地.
T:Follow me to read the new words.
Ss:...
T:Good job.
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:利用兩個(gè)和學(xué)生息息相關(guān)的問(wèn)題導(dǎo)入新課,貼近學(xué)生生活又順理成章,再利用留守兒童圖片讓學(xué)生了解閱讀材料背景,通過(guò)切身的感受激發(fā)學(xué)習(xí)興趣。直觀的圖片和合理的句子引出本節(jié)課的重點(diǎn)單詞,讓學(xué)生在情境中理解單詞,降低學(xué)習(xí)單詞的乏味性,充分調(diào)動(dòng)了學(xué)生的積極性。
●Step Two Pre-reading
T:For the stay-at-home children,they may have many problems. If they dont have parents to take care of,they have to look after their sick grandparents, they have to work in the field, they may fight with their classmates, and they may hate studying. Today, well read a passage about a stay-at-home boy, his name is Li Wen. What problems do you think he might have?
(Students look at the picture and the title of the passage to predict.)
T:What problems do you think he might have?
S1:He used to hate studying and fail his exam.
S2:He might have problems in study.
S3:...
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:在正式閱讀文章之前,根據(jù)書上給出的2a的問(wèn)題讓學(xué)生根據(jù)直觀的圖片和標(biāo)題猜測(cè)文章所要講述的大概內(nèi)容,不同的學(xué)生會(huì)有不同的想法,表達(dá)不同但是意思相同,這樣不僅幫助學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)了之前學(xué)習(xí)的本單元的功能句型,也讓學(xué)生能對(duì)文章有一個(gè)粗淺的理解,讓學(xué)生產(chǎn)生了想要進(jìn)一步閱讀了解更多內(nèi)容的想法。
●Step Three While-reading
1.Fast reading
T:Li Wen used to have some problems, do you want to know what happened to him? Read the text for the first time, please finish 2b, put the missing sentences A to D in the correct places.
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:快速瀏覽文章,還原句子到文章當(dāng)中,此任務(wù)設(shè)置在文章閱讀的第一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié),把文章遺失的句子先補(bǔ)充完整,掃清由于信息缺失對(duì)下一步閱讀造成的障礙,也讓學(xué)生通過(guò)句子的還原充分理解文章上下文的聯(lián)系,培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生快速閱讀的能力。
T:We have found out the missing sentences, and please tell me, how many paragraphs are there in the passage?
Ss:Four.
T:Yes. Next, read the passage again. Draw lines to match the main idea of each paragraph.
Reading strategy:Skimming.
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:通過(guò)之前的還原句子的任務(wù)設(shè)置,學(xué)生已經(jīng)快速瀏覽了一遍文章,對(duì)文章的內(nèi)容已有了大概的了解,此項(xiàng)任務(wù)采用跳讀的閱讀策略,只讀每段首尾句找出段落大意,更加深了學(xué)生對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的理解。
2.Careful reading
T:We have read the passage twice, and we have known the general meaning of the passage, next, lets read carefully to answer some detail questions about the passage.
(1) Paragraph 1.
T:Read the first paragraph, and then answer the questions:
Q1:Why did Li Wens parents leave home?
Q2:How did Li Wen feel after his parents left?
(2) Paragraph 2.
T:Read the second paragraph and finish off activity 2c.Underline the problems that Li Wen used to have.
(3) Paragraph 3 and 4.
T:Read the third and the fourth paragraph and then answer the question:What does Li Wen think of their parents after the talk?endprint
A. They are busy and dont care him at all.
B. Parents care him very much and are proud of him.
C. They are angry with him and dont love him.
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:通過(guò)細(xì)讀文章各段并設(shè)置每段相適應(yīng)的問(wèn)題,幫助學(xué)生理解各段的細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題,這樣分段落進(jìn)行閱讀教學(xué),在一定程度上又降低了文章的難度,易于學(xué)生理解。
(4) Read the whole passage carefully again, show them the reading strategy:using context.
Reading strategy:Using context. This means “using the sentence context may help you guess and learn the meanings of new words and phrases.”
For example, what does the bold word influence mean in the second paragraph? Help students to guess the meaning of it according to the context.
T:What does the bold word influence mean in the second paragraph?
Ss:No.
T:You can use the reading strategy to guess the meaning according to the context. For example, the phrase before influence, Li Wens unhappiness and the sentence after influence, he became less interested in studying. They show that the meaning of this word—影響. Next, finish off 2d.Use clues from the passage to help you guess the meaning of the words in the box.
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:本篇閱讀我們重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)的就是根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境猜測(cè)文章中單詞和詞組意思的閱讀策略,根據(jù)舉例,學(xué)生會(huì)對(duì)這一閱讀策略有更進(jìn)一步的了解,通過(guò)練習(xí),學(xué)生會(huì)通過(guò)自己的理解牢固地掌握這一策略,為自己日后閱讀能力的進(jìn)一步提高打下基礎(chǔ)。
(5) Read the whole passage carefully again and fill in the blanks according to the passage.
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:學(xué)生通過(guò)之前的快讀、分段讀、細(xì)讀等已經(jīng)對(duì)文章有了完全的了解,本部分把文章的基本內(nèi)容梳理成框架即思維導(dǎo)圖的形式,讓學(xué)生再一次細(xì)讀文章之后完成表格的內(nèi)容,這樣做,可以讓學(xué)生把之前的碎片整合起來(lái),讓學(xué)生真正地把握文章的整體脈絡(luò),達(dá)到了之前預(yù)設(shè)的教學(xué)目的。
●Step Four Post-reading
1.Language points
① seldom adv. 很少,不常
例:He is seldom late for school.
He seldom goes out after ten oclock.
② influence v.& n. 影響 =change
例:Lu Xuns works influenced/ changed me.
have an influence on sth. 對(duì)……有影響
例:My teacher has a good influence on me.
③ absent adj. 缺席
be absent from sth. 缺席……=miss
例:The boy was absent from/ missed classes because he was ill.
④ in person 親身;親自= by oneself = on ones own
例:She advised them to talk with their son in person.
⑤ pride n. 驕傲
proud adj. 驕傲的
take pride in = be proud of 為……驕傲
例:We take pride in our homeland.= We are proud of our homeland.
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)的講解雖然不是閱讀課的重點(diǎn),但是有些知識(shí)點(diǎn)對(duì)篇章的理解起到至關(guān)重要的作用,這些知識(shí)點(diǎn)不僅要讓學(xué)生知道其在本篇文章中的意義,更要讓學(xué)生在理解單詞詞組意思的同時(shí)學(xué)會(huì)使用它們。
2.Discussing
T:Work in four.You are Li Wen, your parents are working in the different city, you have some problems, what will you and your parents say when they come back?endprint
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:閱讀后討論的環(huán)節(jié)讓學(xué)生分角色去討論如果他們是文章中的主人公和他的父母,在他們遇到這樣的問(wèn)題時(shí)他們會(huì)說(shuō)什么,他們都會(huì)怎么做。讓學(xué)生處在真實(shí)的情境中,不僅可以讓學(xué)生練習(xí)之前已學(xué)過(guò)的功能句型,也有利于幫助學(xué)生在閱讀后挖掘文章深層次的啟示。
●Step Five Emotion teaching
T:1.Why do Li Wens parents leave the countryside to the city to find jobs? 2.Why do they want to earn much more money? 3.What should children do if their children leave them to the city to look for jobs?
Ss:...
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:通過(guò)情感態(tài)度價(jià)值觀的培養(yǎng),讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)感恩,理解父母,努力學(xué)習(xí)。
●Step Six Summary and homework
T:What have we learned?
S1:I learned how to read the text.
S2:I learned some useful words and phrases.
Ss:...
T:Homework:1.Finish 2e and 2f carefully on your book. 2.Role-play the conversation between Li Wen and his parents after class.
T:Class is over, goodbye class.
Ss:Goodbye, teacher.
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:完成書上的內(nèi)容2e和2f需要再讀文章,再讀文章有利于學(xué)生更好地理解課文,復(fù)習(xí)課上所學(xué)過(guò)的東西,為下節(jié)課的寫作課做好了鋪墊。
板書設(shè)計(jì)
Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark.Section B 2a-2f
In the past Reason
Result problems
Li Wens changes Solution A long talk
more outgoing
Now more active
happier
study harder
評(píng)析:
人教版新目標(biāo)英語(yǔ)九年級(jí)“Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark(Section B 2a-2f)”是一節(jié)典型的閱讀課。根據(jù)教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)及情感態(tài)度價(jià)值觀目標(biāo),對(duì)這節(jié)閱讀課評(píng)析如下:
一、閱讀方法策略指導(dǎo)明確到位
授人以魚,不如授人以漁。現(xiàn)代教學(xué)更重視培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的自我發(fā)展能力,那么作為英語(yǔ)老師,任務(wù)是:“Teach students how to learn English”,而不僅是“Teach students English”。教師在教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)的設(shè)計(jì)上把閱讀策略——Using context這一環(huán)節(jié)作為重點(diǎn),呈現(xiàn)這一閱讀策略時(shí),先給出了它的定義,讓學(xué)生明確這一閱讀策略到底指的是什么,告訴學(xué)生怎樣根據(jù)上下文去猜測(cè)目標(biāo)單詞或短語(yǔ)的意思,讓學(xué)生充分了解到底怎樣去運(yùn)用這一閱讀策略,達(dá)到了教授閱讀策略與方法的真正目的。在授課過(guò)程中,學(xué)生對(duì)這一閱讀策略的理解和運(yùn)用也相當(dāng)?shù)轿?,可以說(shuō)教授此環(huán)節(jié)是這節(jié)課的一大亮點(diǎn),不僅突出了本節(jié)課的教學(xué)重難點(diǎn),也幫助學(xué)生真正掌握了一項(xiàng)新的閱讀策略。
二、“整體—部分—整體”閱讀環(huán)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)有效幫助學(xué)生閱讀
英語(yǔ)閱讀在英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中無(wú)疑有著舉足輕重的作用,閱讀亦為英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)輸入的重要手段。初中英語(yǔ)教材編排中,每個(gè)單元都設(shè)置了三部分的閱讀教學(xué)材料:Section A中的3a,Section B 中的2b,Grammar focus 或Self-check中穿插的一些小閱讀,等等。九年級(jí)正面臨中考,試卷中閱讀的比例越來(lái)越重,是中考的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)。怎樣上好一節(jié)閱讀課,怎樣激發(fā)學(xué)生的閱讀興趣,讓孩子愛(ài)上閱讀,是每個(gè)老師在設(shè)計(jì)自己的閱讀課時(shí)都應(yīng)認(rèn)真仔細(xì)思考的問(wèn)題。
該節(jié)閱讀課,教師根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容以及學(xué)生的層次,設(shè)置了“整體—部分—整體”的閱讀任務(wù)。第一步,整體閱讀,快讀兩遍文章,讓學(xué)生通過(guò)還原句子,匹配段落大意這兩項(xiàng)任務(wù)先對(duì)文章進(jìn)行大體的了解。然后是第二步,分段閱讀,細(xì)讀文章的四段,通過(guò)設(shè)置不同形式的問(wèn)題讓學(xué)生對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行更深一步的了解。最后是第三步,整體閱讀,再次細(xì)讀整篇文章,最后通過(guò)框架式思維導(dǎo)圖的形式將整篇文章的脈絡(luò)梳理清楚,讓學(xué)生再一次對(duì)文章有了更深一層次的認(rèn)識(shí)。最后的思維導(dǎo)圖的設(shè)置是本節(jié)課的另一大亮點(diǎn),本篇文章的內(nèi)容以這樣的形式重新呈現(xiàn)在了學(xué)生的面前,讓學(xué)生覺(jué)得思路很清晰,也有利于教師突破教學(xué)的重難點(diǎn)。
有一點(diǎn)不足的是,在閱讀問(wèn)題環(huán)節(jié)的設(shè)置上,教師的設(shè)置比較簡(jiǎn)單,如學(xué)生的理解能力和接受能力比較強(qiáng)的話,問(wèn)題的難度、樣式可以適當(dāng)增加,內(nèi)容也可以相應(yīng)地增加。
三、情感態(tài)度價(jià)值觀培養(yǎng)——體會(huì)親情可貴,注重心理健康
該節(jié)課的閱讀文本介紹了一位鄉(xiāng)村少年的成長(zhǎng)故事,學(xué)生們可能有和文章主人公相似的經(jīng)歷,父母不在身邊,遇到問(wèn)題后不知道如何去解決等。學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容和自己的生活相關(guān),自然會(huì)吸引他們學(xué)習(xí)的注意力,激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣之后再進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí),會(huì)事半功倍。
該節(jié)閱讀課在情感態(tài)度價(jià)值觀的培養(yǎng)上也主要是讓學(xué)生在遇到問(wèn)題時(shí)知道怎么樣處理,去理解父母。我覺(jué)得,一節(jié)課下來(lái),也給學(xué)生帶來(lái)了許多反思。教師在教學(xué)過(guò)程中始終引導(dǎo)學(xué)生感恩父母,并讓他們?cè)谡n堂上將這種情感表達(dá)出來(lái),使學(xué)生感受到溫情的縈繞,產(chǎn)生豐富的情感和積極的情緒體驗(yàn),以此為基礎(chǔ),擁有對(duì)知識(shí)的渴求,對(duì)親情的珍惜,對(duì)父母的感恩以及對(duì)生活的熱愛(ài)。樂(lè)于學(xué)習(xí)也不再是一句空話,而會(huì)演變?yōu)樗麄優(yōu)槔硐攵冻龅膶?shí)踐,更明確了他們學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)機(jī)。endprint