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思連康防治早產(chǎn)兒喂養(yǎng)不耐受的臨床研究

2017-08-17 04:35蔡冰冰韓麗萍蘭曉云董莉
中國(guó)醫(yī)藥科學(xué) 2017年12期
關(guān)鍵詞:早產(chǎn)兒

蔡冰冰??韓麗萍??蘭曉云??董莉

[摘要] 目的 觀(guān)察思連康防治早產(chǎn)兒喂養(yǎng)不耐受的臨床效果及其安全性。 方法 收集2015年1月~2016年1月于我院新生兒科住院治療的早產(chǎn)兒200例,將其隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組和治療組,各100例,對(duì)照組給予對(duì)癥支持治療,治療組在常規(guī)治療的基礎(chǔ)上給予思連康(0.25g,每日兩次)治療。對(duì)比觀(guān)察兩組患兒胃腸耐受性、存活率、腸外營(yíng)養(yǎng)時(shí)間、喂養(yǎng)并發(fā)癥等指標(biāo)。 結(jié)果 比較兩組患兒胃腸耐受相關(guān)指標(biāo),治療組患兒喂養(yǎng)不耐受11例,占比11.0%,較對(duì)照組顯著降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);治療組腸外營(yíng)養(yǎng)時(shí)間(9.5±3.2)d,住院時(shí)間(12.5±1.9)d,較對(duì)照組顯著縮短,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);治療組嘔吐患兒5例,占比5.0%,較對(duì)照組顯著降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);治療組腹瀉患兒1例,占比1.0%,較對(duì)照組顯著降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);治療組胃出血患兒1例,占比1.0%,較對(duì)照組顯著降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);治療組壞死性小腸結(jié)腸炎患兒1例,占比1.0%,較對(duì)照組顯著降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 早期服用思連康的早產(chǎn)兒較未服者可增加早產(chǎn)兒胃腸道的耐受性,降低早產(chǎn)兒喂養(yǎng)不耐受性發(fā)生率,縮短全腸道外營(yíng)養(yǎng)使用時(shí)間達(dá)5~7d,提高早產(chǎn)兒存活率和生活質(zhì)量,減少喂養(yǎng)并發(fā)癥,是比較理想的治療方法,值得臨床推廣。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 思連康;早產(chǎn)兒;喂養(yǎng)不耐受

[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R722.6 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 2095-0616(2017)12-48-03

Clinical research on Siliankang in prevention and treatment of feeding intolerance of premature infants

CAI Bingbing HAN Liping LAN Xiaoyun DONG li

Department of Pediatrics, the Second Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Heilongjiang, Mudanjiang 157000, China

[Abstract] Objective To observe the clinical effect and safety of siliankang in prevention and treatment of feeding intolerance of premature infants. Methods 200 premature infants who were hospitalized in department of pediatrics in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2016 were collected. They were randomly divided into the control group and the treatment group, with 100 in each. The control group was given targeted treatment while the treatment group was given siliankang (0.25g, twice for every day) at basis of routine treatment. Gastrointestinal tolerance, survival rate, parenteral nutrition time, feeding complications and other indicators of premature infants in two groups were compared and observed. Results Related indicators of gastrointestinal tolerance of premature infants in two groups were compared. There were 11 cases with feeding intolerance in the treatment group accounting for 11.0%, which was significantly decreased compared with that of the control group. The difference was statistically significant, P<0.05. Survival rate and hospitalization stay of the treatment group were statistically (9.5±3.2) days and (12.5±1.9) days, which were significantly shorter compared with those of the control group. The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). There were 5 premature infants with vomiting in the treatment group accounting for 5.0%, which was significantly decreased compared with that of the control group. The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). There was 1 premature infant with diarrhea in the treatment group accounting for 1.0%, which was significantly decreased compared with that of the control group. The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). There was 1 premature infant with gastric bleeding in the treatment group accounting for 1.0%, which was significantly decreased compared with that of the control group. The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). There was 1 premature infant with necrotizing enterocolitis in the treatment group accounting for 1.0%, which was significantly decreased compared with that of the control group. The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with premature infants who dont take siliankang, premature infants taking siliankang in early time can increase gastrointestinal tolerance, reduce incidence of feeding intolerance, shorten parenteral nutrition time up to 5-7 days, improve survival rate and quality and reduce feeding complications. It is an ideal treatment method, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

[Key words] Siliankang; Premature infant; Feeding intolerance

早產(chǎn)兒是指胎齡在37周以下的新生兒,其出生體重多在2500g以下,器官功能和適應(yīng)能力較足月兒差,應(yīng)給予早產(chǎn)兒特殊治療[1-2]。早產(chǎn)兒各項(xiàng)身體機(jī)能發(fā)育不完全,包括肺部、心臟和胃腸道,隨著新生兒護(hù)理的提高,早產(chǎn)兒的病死率顯著下降,而早產(chǎn)兒喂養(yǎng)成為突出問(wèn)題[3-4]。思連康是一種雙歧桿菌四聯(lián)活菌片,是腸道的正常菌群,可以促進(jìn)正常菌群定植和優(yōu)勢(shì)化[5],本文旨在探討此藥在早產(chǎn)兒喂養(yǎng)不耐受的臨床效果及其安全性。現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

收集2015年1月~2016年1月于我院新生兒科住院治療的早產(chǎn)兒200例,將其隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組和治療組,各100例。其中,治療組患兒,男54例,女46例,平均孕周(33.5±2.2)周;對(duì)照組患兒中,男55例,女45例,平均孕周(33.5±2.5)周;治療組患兒入院時(shí)體重(1977.5±52.2)g,BMI指數(shù)(23.1±4.8)kg/m2;對(duì)照組患兒入院時(shí)體重(1938.5±55.2)g,BMI指數(shù)(22.5±5.6)kg/m2。所有患兒家屬均填寫(xiě)知情同意書(shū)。

1.2 方法

對(duì)照組給予對(duì)癥支持治療,治療組在常規(guī)治療的基礎(chǔ)上給予思連康治療。思連康(杭州龍達(dá)新科生物制藥有限公司,S20060010)0.25g,每日2次。

1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理

使用統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件SPSS16.0進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)數(shù)資料比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn),計(jì)量資料比較采用t檢驗(yàn)。檢測(cè)結(jié)果以()的形式表示,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 兩組患兒一般資料比較

比較兩組患兒性別、胎齡、入院時(shí)體重、BMI等臨床資料,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。見(jiàn)表1。

2.2 兩組患兒胃腸耐受相關(guān)指標(biāo)比較

比較兩組患兒胃腸耐受相關(guān)指標(biāo),治療組患兒喂養(yǎng)不耐受11例,占比11.0%,較對(duì)照組顯著降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);治療組腸外營(yíng)養(yǎng)時(shí)間(9.5±3.2)d,住院時(shí)間(12.5±1.9)d,較對(duì)照組顯著縮短,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。

2.3 兩組患兒喂養(yǎng)并發(fā)癥比較

治療組嘔吐患兒5例,占比5.0%,較對(duì)照組顯著降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);治療組腹瀉患兒1例,占比1.0%,較對(duì)照組顯著降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);治療組胃出血患兒1例,占比1.0%,較對(duì)照組顯著降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);治療組壞死性小腸結(jié)腸炎患兒1例,占比1.0%,較對(duì)照組顯著降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表3。

3 討論

早產(chǎn)兒出生體重常常偏低,在2500g以下,稱(chēng)為低出生體重早產(chǎn)兒,其早期的喂養(yǎng)狀況是決定其生存率和幼兒時(shí)期生存質(zhì)量的重要因素[6]。喂養(yǎng)不耐受是早產(chǎn)兒早期面臨的一大難題,其發(fā)生率較高,約為28%左右,嚴(yán)重影響患兒生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育[7]。

母乳中含有腸道正常菌群生長(zhǎng)所必須的生物因子,可改善早產(chǎn)兒的喂養(yǎng)不耐受[8]。因早產(chǎn)兒出生早期要接受住院治療,不能及時(shí)進(jìn)行母乳喂養(yǎng),缺乏腸道正常菌群定植所必須的因子,導(dǎo)致喂養(yǎng)不耐受等問(wèn)題,可導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥發(fā)生[9]。目前研究認(rèn)為,給早產(chǎn)兒早期補(bǔ)充雙歧桿菌可預(yù)防喂養(yǎng)不耐受的發(fā)生[10]。本文關(guān)注藥物思連康,是一種雙歧桿菌四聯(lián)活菌片,用于治療與腸道菌群失調(diào)相關(guān)的腹瀉、便秘、功能性消化不良等病癥,但其在兒童中的應(yīng)用尚不明確[11-12]。本文旨在探討此藥在早產(chǎn)兒喂養(yǎng)不耐受的臨床效果及其安全性。

本文收集早產(chǎn)兒200例,隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組和治療組,各100例,對(duì)照組給予對(duì)癥支持治療,治療組在常規(guī)治療的基礎(chǔ)上給予思連康治療。結(jié)果顯示,治療組患兒喂養(yǎng)不耐受較對(duì)照組顯著降低。此結(jié)果說(shuō)明,思連康對(duì)早產(chǎn)兒喂養(yǎng)不耐受有臨床療效。思連康通用名為雙歧桿菌四聯(lián)活菌片,主要成分是嬰兒雙歧桿菌、嗜酸乳桿菌、糞腸球菌、蠟樣芽孢桿菌,它可直接補(bǔ)充人體正常生理細(xì)菌,在腸道形成生物屏障,抑制腸道中某些致病菌,促進(jìn)腸道蠕動(dòng),調(diào)整腸道菌群平衡,促進(jìn)營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的消化和吸收[13-15]。

本文還關(guān)注了患兒喂養(yǎng)并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率,結(jié)果表明,治療組腸外營(yíng)養(yǎng)時(shí)間和住院時(shí)間較對(duì)照組顯著縮短;治療組嘔吐、腹瀉、胃出血、壞死性小腸結(jié)腸炎患兒較對(duì)照組顯著降低。思連康是一種腸道有益菌微生物制劑,對(duì)人體基本無(wú)毒副作用。此結(jié)果證實(shí),思連康治療早產(chǎn)兒喂養(yǎng)不耐受具有安全性,可降低不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率。

綜上所述,早期服用思連康的早產(chǎn)兒較未服者可增加早產(chǎn)兒胃腸道的耐受性,降低早產(chǎn)兒喂養(yǎng)不耐受性發(fā)生率,縮短全腸道外營(yíng)養(yǎng)使用時(shí)間達(dá)5~7d,提高早產(chǎn)兒存活率和生活質(zhì)量,減少喂養(yǎng)并發(fā)癥,是比較理想的治療方法,值得臨床推廣。

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[5] 任波.雙歧桿菌四聯(lián)活菌片預(yù)防早產(chǎn)兒壞死性小腸結(jié)腸炎的臨床觀(guān)察[J].兒科藥學(xué)雜志,2010,16(2):24-25.

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[8] 武慶斌.早產(chǎn)兒腸道菌群特征與臨床思考[J].中國(guó)新生兒科雜志,2015,30(3):167-169.

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[10] 唐小麗.腸道菌群多樣性在喂養(yǎng)不耐受早產(chǎn)兒中的作用研究[D].重慶:重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué),2014.

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(收稿日期:2017-04-27)

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