余通文
【摘要】本文從中詩和英詩的不同韻律出發(fā),通過對《楚辭》三個(gè)譯本的比較研究,論證了唯有“借形傳神”,以詩譯詩,才能較為成功地再現(xiàn)《楚辭》的音美和形美。
【關(guān)鍵詞】楚辭 音美 形美 再現(xiàn)
一、引言
筆者在此嘗試對這幾位譯者的《楚辭》譯本的音美和形美進(jìn)行比較分析和相關(guān)探討。
二、《楚辭》的韻律特點(diǎn)
《楚辭》作為一種詩歌體裁,詩篇都是通篇用韻的,絕對不會(huì)出現(xiàn)某一句突然沒有押韻。“這些所謂無韻之句皆當(dāng)和傳寫之誤甫理解有差,并非屈宋行文時(shí)本不用韻”(湯炳
正)。
三、《楚辭》英譯個(gè)案比較分析
The Lesser Master of Fate (Shao si ming)
The autumn orchid and the deer-parsley
Grow in a carper below the hall;
The leaves of green and the pure white flowers
Assail me with their wafted fragrance.
The autumn orchids bloom luxuriant,
With leaves of green and purple stems,
All the hall is filled with lovely women,
But his eyes swiftly sought me out from the rest.
…… (David Hawks)
The Young Fate
Mingled with Anise,Autumn Orchids late
In Clusters grow before the Palace Gate;
Green are their Leaves,their tender Sprigs are white;
Their Fragrance floods my Senses with Delight.
Each Mortal has a Loved One of his own,
Then why should she,the Goddess,sigh alone?
Fresh spring the Autumn Orchids tender Shoots;
Green are their Leaves and purple are their Roots.
Young Gallants throng the Palace to Entrance,
But I alone am favoured by her Glance,
Come without Word,she leaves without Farewell,
Her Pennons Clouds,she rides the Whirlwind fell.
For life to part,no Grief more Pain can move;
… … (楊憲益,戴乃迭,2001:144-145)
Song to Fate the Minor
(Sing Fate the Minor:)
Rosemary and autumn orchids bright
Grow side by side underneath the hall.
Their leaves deep green,their blooms lily-white,
Their flooding fragrance does me enthrall!
(Sing the Witch as Usherette:)
People may anyhow have their own pairs.
Why shouldn t you free yourself from th cares?
(Sing Fate the Minor:)
The answer the autumn orchids now tells:
Green leaves match the stems of a purple hue.
… … (卓振英)
四種譯法都有較強(qiáng)的節(jié)奏感,讀起來朗朗上口。
霍克斯譯本在選詞表意上較符合原作言辭和語氣,霍克斯采用英詩霍克斯采用英詩自由體譯屈原這三篇作品,即無格律無韻,其譯本里沒有明譯原作里的“兮”字。但是他的許多譯本殘缺不全,有時(shí)譯兩句,跳兩句。散文體的使用也較為常見,隨意成段。楊譯的韻式始終是aabb,而卓譯的韻式則是abab,cc,dede,fgfg…。楊譯按照英雄雙行體和四行詩體翻譯,韻式始終如一,顯得單調(diào)呆板,跟楚辭參差錯(cuò)落,靈活多變的風(fēng)格相去甚遠(yuǎn)。卓譯巧秒地借助英詩形式,借形傳神,成功地再現(xiàn)了原詩風(fēng)格以及原詩的美學(xué)價(jià)值。
四、結(jié)語
《楚辭》在節(jié)奏和韻律上獨(dú)具特色,在形式上不拘一格,參差錯(cuò)落。因而如何再現(xiàn)楚辭的音美和形美是楚辭英譯的一大難點(diǎn)。從以上的分析,比較說明,巧妙地借助英詩的各種形式,借形傳神,以詩譯詩能再現(xiàn)楚辭的音美和形美。
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