徐韶寧,劉艷婷,孫一,梁志威,王紅偉,于小玲
(1.青島大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院 生理與病理生理學(xué)系,山東 青島 266021;2.青島大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院,山東 青島 266021)
姜黃素灌胃改善順鉑小鼠胃排空與一氧化氮的相關(guān)性*
徐韶寧1,劉艷婷1,孫一2,梁志威2,王紅偉1,于小玲1
(1.青島大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院 生理與病理生理學(xué)系,山東 青島 266021;2.青島大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院,山東 青島 266021)
目的 探討姜黃素灌胃改善順鉑小鼠胃排空的作用是否與影響胃組織中一氧化氮有關(guān)。方法 健康成年昆明種小鼠隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組、順鉑組、姜黃素組和順鉑+姜黃素組,每組10只。姜黃素[200 mg/(kg·d)]灌胃共30 d,對(duì)照和順鉑組同等量溶媒溶液灌胃對(duì)照。末次用藥結(jié)束后小鼠禁食24 h,然后測(cè)量小鼠胃排空率并取胃組織檢測(cè)一氧化氮(NO)含量和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性。結(jié)果 與對(duì)照組比較,注射順鉑后,小鼠體重減輕(P<0.01),胃排空率也降低(P<0.01)。胃組織總一氧化氮合酶(TNOS)(P>0.01)和誘導(dǎo)型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)(P<0.01)的活性增強(qiáng),NO含量增加(P<0.01)。與順鉑組比較,姜黃素+順鉑組胃排空率提高(P<0.01),小鼠體重有所恢復(fù)(P<0.05)。小鼠胃組織TNOS(P<0.01)和iNOS(P<0.01)活性減弱,NO含量降低(P<0.01)。結(jié)論 姜黃素預(yù)先灌胃30d可抑制小鼠胃組織中NOS的活性,減少NO含量,這可能是姜黃素改善順鉑小鼠胃排空的機(jī)制之一。
姜黃素;順鉑;胃排空;一氧化氮;一氧化氮合酶
姜黃素是從植物姜黃的根莖中提取出來(lái)的具有多種生物學(xué)活性的酚類化合物,主要用于食品色素添加劑,研究顯示其有多種生物學(xué)活性[1]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)室前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn)姜黃素預(yù)先灌胃可以保護(hù)順鉑所致小鼠腸道損傷,促進(jìn)小鼠胃腸蠕動(dòng)[2]。姜黃素還可以對(duì)抗外源性一氧化氮所致的小鼠胃腸蠕動(dòng)減慢[3]。本研究進(jìn)一步探討姜黃素灌胃改善順鉑所致小鼠胃排空的作用是否與小鼠胃組織NO變化有關(guān)。
1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物和主要試劑
健康雄性昆明種小鼠40只,體重18~20 g,購(gòu)自山東省魯抗醫(yī)藥股份有限公司質(zhì)檢中心實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物室(合格證號(hào):0014125,許可證號(hào):SCXK魯20080002)。姜黃素(純度99.9%)購(gòu)自美國(guó)Sigma公司,順鉑購(gòu)自江蘇豪森藥業(yè)股份有限公司。姜黃素使用時(shí)與5%質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的阿拉伯膠溶液配成濃度為25 mg/ml的姜黃素混懸液。一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)、總一氧化氮合酶(total nitricoxide synthase,TNOS)和誘導(dǎo)性一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitricoxide synthase,iNOS)試劑盒均購(gòu)自南京建成生物工程研究所。
1.2 動(dòng)物分組與處理
小鼠適應(yīng)性喂養(yǎng)1周后,隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組、順鉑組、姜黃素組和順鉑+姜黃素組,每組10只。姜黃素(200 mg/kg)灌胃,每天1次,連續(xù)30 d,其余組給予溶媒溶液灌胃對(duì)照。順鉑于灌胃的第25天開(kāi)始腹腔注射(2 mg/kg),每天1次,連續(xù)5 d,其余組注射同等量生理鹽水對(duì)照。
1.3 監(jiān)測(cè)小鼠一般狀況和體重
準(zhǔn)確稱取各組小鼠體重,計(jì)算每只小鼠注射順鉑后的體重增減值。觀察小鼠給藥前后的飲食、活動(dòng)等一般狀態(tài)。
1.4 胃排空率的測(cè)定
各組小鼠末次用藥后,禁食24 h,自由飲水,分別給予80%質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)阿拉膠混懸液0.8 ml灌胃。20 min后脫頸椎法處死小鼠,剖腹結(jié)扎胃賁門(mén)和幽門(mén),取胃稱重;然后去除胃內(nèi)容物,再次稱取胃凈重,胃排空率計(jì)算如下:1-(胃全重-胃凈重)/0.8 ml阿拉伯膠混懸液質(zhì)量×100%。
1.5 胃組織NO含量、TNOS和iNOS的活性測(cè)定
實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束后立即取小鼠的新鮮胃組織,低溫研磨成10%體積分?jǐn)?shù)的組織勻漿,離心后取上清液。按照試劑盒操作說(shuō)明書(shū)進(jìn)行加樣反應(yīng),將最終顯色的反應(yīng)液轉(zhuǎn)移到96孔板,使用全自動(dòng)酶標(biāo)儀檢測(cè)相應(yīng)波長(zhǎng)吸光度,然后根據(jù)每克標(biāo)本的蛋白定量計(jì)算NO含量、TNOS和iNOS的活性。
1.6 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
數(shù)據(jù)處理采用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(±s)表示,采用單因素方差分析,兩兩比較用組間t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 體重變化和一般狀態(tài)
對(duì)照組和單用姜黃素組小鼠,體重增加,皮毛光滑且活動(dòng)狀態(tài)好。注射順鉑后小鼠的體重有降低,呈現(xiàn)負(fù)增長(zhǎng)(t=9.585,P<0.001),皮毛粗糙且活動(dòng)減少。順鉑+姜黃素組與順鉑組比較,上述表現(xiàn)有改善,體重有所恢復(fù)(t=3.068,P=0.0084)。單用姜黃素組與對(duì)照組比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=1.002,P=0.333)(見(jiàn)表1)。
2.2 胃排空率變化
與對(duì)照組比較,順鉑組小鼠胃排空率降低(t= 14.05,P<0.001);順鉑+姜黃素組與順鉑組比較,小鼠胃排空率升高(t=3.359,P=0.0047)。單用姜黃素組與對(duì)照組比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=1.698,P=0.1117)(見(jiàn)表1)。
表1 各組小鼠體重、胃排空率變化 (n=10,±s)
表1 各組小鼠體重、胃排空率變化 (n=10,±s)
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2.3 胃組織NO含量、TNOS和iNOS的活性變化
與對(duì)照組比較,順鉑組胃組織NO含量明顯增加,TNOS和iNOS活性升高(t=7.779、6.030及4.153,P=0.0000、0.0001及0.0001);順鉑+姜黃素組與順鉑組比較,胃組織NO含量降低,TNOS和iNOS活性也減弱(t=3.570、3.942及 3.482,P=0.0031、0.0015及0.0037)。單用姜黃素組與對(duì)照組比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=1.096、0.2805及0.763,P=0.2915、0.7832及0.5735)(見(jiàn)表2)。
表2各組小鼠NO含量、TNOS和iNOS活性變化(n=10,±s)
表2各組小鼠NO含量、TNOS和iNOS活性變化(n=10,±s)
順鉑是臨床上應(yīng)用最為廣泛的化療藥之一,是臨床治療膀胱癌、卵巢癌及肺癌等惡性腫瘤的化療首選藥物,但其發(fā)揮抗腫瘤作用的同時(shí),毒副作用明顯[4],尤其嚴(yán)重的消化道副作用明顯,導(dǎo)致患者體質(zhì)嚴(yán)重下降,影響治療效果。姜黃素是提取于植物姜黃根莖中的一種脂溶性酚類物質(zhì),研究顯示姜黃素具有的抗炎、抗氧化、抗腫瘤、保護(hù)心血管和神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)等多種生物學(xué)作用[5-8]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)室前期研究顯示,姜黃素與順鉑聯(lián)用可以抑制裸鼠移植瘤的生長(zhǎng)[9],同時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn),姜黃素預(yù)先灌胃可以改善順鉑導(dǎo)致的小鼠胃排空[10]、防治順鉑肝損傷[11],從而改善小鼠體重和生存狀態(tài),說(shuō)明姜黃素在發(fā)揮其抗腫瘤作用的同時(shí)可以減輕順鉑的胃腸道等毒副效應(yīng),但是姜黃素改善胃腸蠕動(dòng)的作用機(jī)制目前還不清楚。另外的研究顯示,姜黃素可以減輕外源性NO對(duì)小鼠的胃腸舒張作用[3],說(shuō)明姜黃素作用機(jī)制可能與影響NO有關(guān),因而本研究采用順鉑腹腔注射,導(dǎo)致小鼠胃排空率降低,進(jìn)而檢測(cè)胃組織中NO和NOS的變化,結(jié)果顯示姜黃素預(yù)先灌胃30 d后可抑制順鉑引起的NO含量增加和NOS活性升高,同時(shí)小鼠胃排空得到改善,小鼠體重有所恢復(fù)。NO作為胃腸道的非膽堿能、非腎上腺素能神經(jīng)遞質(zhì),在胃腸道中分布較廣。細(xì)胞漿內(nèi)的NO,經(jīng)過(guò)鳥(niǎo)苷酸環(huán)化酶激活,在cGMP介導(dǎo)下,使細(xì)胞漿Ca2+濃度降低,松弛胃腸平滑肌,進(jìn)而引起胃腸蠕動(dòng)減弱。本研究中順鉑引起小鼠胃組織NO產(chǎn)生和釋放增多,導(dǎo)致平滑肌松弛,這可能是引起胃排空減弱,食物在胃內(nèi)積存的重要機(jī)制。NO是在NOS的催化作用下,以L-精氨酸為底物合成的。NOS主要分為結(jié)構(gòu)型NOS(cNOS)和誘導(dǎo)型NOS(i-NOS),兩者總量為T(mén)NOS。本研究中姜黃素顯著抑制了順鉑引起的TNOS和iNOS的活性升高,進(jìn)而減少NO的產(chǎn)生和釋放。其他研究也證實(shí)姜黃素可抑制iNOS并抑制NO產(chǎn)生[12],如通過(guò)抑制腸道iNOS的活性,減輕多重耐藥性基因缺陷的小鼠腸道炎癥反應(yīng)[13]、緩解葡聚糖硫酸鈉誘導(dǎo)的結(jié)腸炎的發(fā)展[14],以及通過(guò)抑制iNOS的活性減輕氧化應(yīng)激和急性胃損傷[15-16]。
姜黃素作用途徑廣泛,胃腸道也受多種神經(jīng)和體液因素調(diào)控,本研究?jī)H從NO途徑做了相關(guān)探索,表明姜黃素可以通過(guò)影響胃腸道NOS活性和NO產(chǎn)生來(lái)發(fā)揮作用,這應(yīng)該是姜黃素改善順鉑所致小鼠胃排空減弱的機(jī)制之一,其他作用機(jī)制和途徑還需要進(jìn)一步的研究。
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Relevance of ameliorating effect on gastric emptying by curcumin gavage with nitric oxidein on cisplatin treated mice*
Shao-ning Xu1,Yang-ting Liu1,Yi Sun2,Zhi-wei Liang2,Hong-wei Wang1,Xiao-ling Yu1
(1.Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology,Basic Medical College of Qingdao University,Qingdao,Shandong 266021,China;2.Basic Medical College of Qingdao University,Qingdao,Shandong 266021,China)
Objective To investigate whether the effect of curcumin gavageon ameliorating the delayed gastric emptying induced by cisplatin related to the changes of nitric oxide in mice.Methods Kunming male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:control,cisplatin(DDP),curcumin(Cur),cisplatin+curcumin(DDP +Cur),10 mice in each group.The curcumin [200 mg/(kg·d)]was administrated by gavage once a day for a total period of 30 days.The control and cisplatin group were administered by gavage with the equal volume of solvent solution.Mice were fasted for 24 hours after last administration and the gastric emptying rate was detected.The content of nitric oxide (NO)and the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)in stomach were detected.Results Compared with the control group,the body weight of mice in cisplatin group was reduced significantly after cisplatin injection (P<0.01),and the gastric emptying rate of mice was decreased obviously (P<0.01).The activity of TNOS(P<0.01)and iNOS(P<0.01)of mice stomach were significantly increased. The content of NO (P<0.01)in mice stomach was obviously increased.Compared with cisplatin group,the gastric emptying rates of mice in DDP+Cur group was significantly increased(P<0.01),and the body weight of mice was also increased(P<0.05).The activity of TNOS(P<0.01)and iNOS(P<0.01)and the content of NO (P<0.01)in mice stomach were significantly decreased.Conclusions Curcumin gavage for 30 days caninhibit the activity of NOS and reduce the content of NO in mice stomach,which may be one of the mechanisms of curcumin to ameliorate the delayed gastric emptying of mice induced by cisplatin.
curcumin;cisplatin;gastric emptying;nitric oxide;nitric oxide synthase
R965.1
A
10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2017.05.005
1005-8982(2017)05-0024-04
2016-12-08
山東省自然科學(xué)基金(No:ZR2014HM033)
于小玲,Tel:0532-82991713;E-mail:xiaoling_yu2004@163.com