趙偉,李曉明
(1.西南醫(yī)科大學(xué),四川 瀘州 646000;2.西南醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院 血液內(nèi)科,四川 瀘州 646000)
被轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子β活化的長鏈非編碼RNA對人淋巴瘤Raji細(xì)胞增殖、周期及凋亡的影響
趙偉1,李曉明2
(1.西南醫(yī)科大學(xué),四川 瀘州 646000;2.西南醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院 血液內(nèi)科,四川 瀘州 646000)
目的 研究被轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子β活化的長鏈非編碼RNA(LncRNA-ATB)對人淋巴瘤Raji細(xì)胞增殖、凋亡和周期的影響及其潛在機制。方法 通過實時熒光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)檢測LncRNA-ATB短發(fā)夾RNA(short hairpin RNA,shRNA)和miR-200c模擬物(miR-200c mimics)效果,以及LncRNA-ATB、miR-200c和鼠類肉瘤病毒癌基因(KRAS)的表達(dá);噻唑藍(lán)(MTT)法檢測沉默LncRNA-ATB對Raji細(xì)胞增殖的影響;流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測LncRNA-ATB對Raji細(xì)胞凋亡和周期的影響;熒光素酶報告基因(Luciferase)實驗檢測KRAS是否為miR-200c的直接靶基因。結(jié)果 LncRNA-ATB-shRNA可有效沉默Raji細(xì)胞中LncRNAATB的表達(dá),沉默LncRNA-ATB的表達(dá)可抑制Raji細(xì)胞的增殖能力,促進(jìn)Raji細(xì)胞的凋亡能力,并使Raji細(xì)胞的周期阻滯于G1期。進(jìn)一步研究顯示LncRNA-ATB可作為ceRNA與miR-200c競爭性地調(diào)控miR-200c直接靶分子KRAS的表達(dá)而促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖。結(jié)論 LncRNA-ATB可通過上調(diào)KRAS的表達(dá)而在淋巴瘤細(xì)胞的增殖、凋亡和周期過程中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。
被轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子β活化的長鏈非編碼RNA;Raji細(xì)胞;鼠類肉瘤病毒癌基因;miR-200c;增殖
淋巴瘤是一組起源于淋巴結(jié)或淋巴結(jié)以外的淋巴組織的高度異質(zhì)性的惡性腫瘤,在我國,結(jié)外淋巴瘤較結(jié)內(nèi)淋巴瘤更為普遍[1]。根據(jù)病理學(xué)特征可分為霍奇金淋巴瘤和非霍奇金淋巴瘤,其中非霍奇金淋巴瘤為我國惡性淋巴瘤的主要類型[2]。近年來,我國惡性淋巴瘤的發(fā)病率呈現(xiàn)逐年上升的趨勢。隨著新型免疫治療和分子靶向治療在臨床上應(yīng)用,某些亞型的惡性淋巴瘤的治療效果、預(yù)后和生存質(zhì)量較以往有了顯著提高。但仍有部分亞型的惡性淋巴瘤尚無有效的治療方案,臨床治療效果極差,5年生存率仍處于較低水平[3]。因此,目前急需尋找淋巴瘤潛在的治療靶點,并制定全新并有效的治療策略。
近年來,越來越多的研究證實非編碼RNA在人體多種疾病進(jìn)程中發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的作用[4]。長鏈非編碼RNA(long non-coding RNA,LncRNA)為轉(zhuǎn)錄本長度超過200 nt但自身不編碼蛋白質(zhì)的RNA[5]。許多研究已證實,被轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子β活化的長鏈非編碼RNA(long non-coding RNA activated by TGF-β,LncRNA-ATB)在多種生理過程中起著關(guān)鍵作用,如細(xì)胞增殖、細(xì)胞凋亡、細(xì)胞周期、細(xì)胞侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移[6-8]。因此,LncRNA可作為原癌基因參與調(diào)控腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展[9-10]。LncRNA-ATB是新近發(fā)現(xiàn)的長鏈非編碼RNA,定位于14號染色體[11]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Lnc RNA-ATB可通過與miR-200家族結(jié)合并調(diào)控其下游信號通路而促進(jìn)腫瘤的侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移[11]。然而Lnc RNA-ATB在血液系統(tǒng)腫瘤尤其是淋巴瘤發(fā)生、發(fā)展過程中的作用,目前尚無研究報道。本研究擬通過檢測沉默 Burkitt淋巴瘤 Raji細(xì)胞中 LncRNA-ATB的表達(dá)對Raji細(xì)胞的增殖、凋亡和周期的影響并檢測LncRNA-ATB、miR-200c及鼠肉瘤病毒癌基因(kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog,KRAS)的相互作用關(guān)系,來研究LncRNA-ATB對Raji細(xì)胞增殖、凋亡和周期的影響并探討其發(fā)揮作用的潛在分子機制。
1.1 材料
Trizol試劑購自江蘇省海門市碧云天生物技術(shù)研究所,RNA逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑購自日本TaKaRa公司,LncRNA-ATB-shRNA和miR-200c mimics由上海吉瑪公司設(shè)計并合成,LipofectamineTM2000試劑購于美國 Invitrogen公司,MTT試劑盒購自美國Promega公司,F(xiàn)ITC標(biāo)記的Annexin-V及PI試劑購自美國BD公司,人淋巴瘤系Raji細(xì)胞購自中國科學(xué)院上海細(xì)胞庫。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)和轉(zhuǎn)染 人淋巴瘤細(xì)胞系Raji用購自美國Gibco公司含100 ml/L胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum,F(xiàn)BS)的1640培養(yǎng)基,置于溫度37℃、50 ml/L二氧化碳CO2細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)。當(dāng)細(xì)胞密度達(dá)70%后,將LncRNA-ATB-shRNA及LncRNAATB NC經(jīng)LipofectamineTM2000轉(zhuǎn)入Raji細(xì)胞中,具體操作步驟參見脂質(zhì)體試劑說明書。將轉(zhuǎn)染后結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞分別為LncRNA-ATB-shRNA組和Lnc RNA-ATB NC組。
1.2.2 實時熒光定量聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)(qRT-PCR)待細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后,收集細(xì)胞,用Trizol裂解Raji細(xì)胞,分別提取細(xì)胞總RNA,逆轉(zhuǎn)錄以cDNA為模板。qRT-PCR的反應(yīng)條件為:95℃預(yù)變性5 min,95℃變性10 s,60℃退火30 s,共35個循環(huán),實驗重復(fù)3次。
1.2.3 MTT 細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染48h后,取對數(shù)生長期的Raji細(xì)胞,制備單細(xì)胞懸液,以5.0×103/孔細(xì)胞密度接種于96孔板,每組設(shè)8個復(fù)孔,分別培養(yǎng)1~6 d,每孔加入20 μl濃度為1.5 g/L的MTT,培養(yǎng)4 h后每孔加入150μl甲基亞砜(dimethyl sulfoxide,DMSO),讀取吸光度值,繪制細(xì)胞生長曲線。
1.2.4 流式細(xì)胞術(shù) 取轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后的處理組細(xì)胞及對照細(xì)胞,用5 ml磷酸鹽緩沖液(phosphate buffered saline,PBS),1000r/min離心5min,反復(fù)洗滌3次后,棄上清液;加入100 μl流式洗液和異硫氰酸熒光素(fluorescein isothiocyanate,F(xiàn)ITC)標(biāo)記的Annexin-V (20 μg/ml)10 μl,室溫避光30 min,再加入蛋白酶抑制劑(protease inhibitor,PI)(50μg/ml)5μl,避光反應(yīng)10 min后,加入400 μl流式洗液,尼龍膜過濾細(xì)胞,除去細(xì)胞團塊后,立即利用流式細(xì)胞儀檢測。如檢測細(xì)胞凋亡,處理后同時以加入FITC標(biāo)記的Annexin-V和PI的同型對照抗體細(xì)胞作為對照,尼龍膜過濾細(xì)胞,除去細(xì)胞團塊后,立即利用流式細(xì)胞儀檢測。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法
數(shù)據(jù)分析采用SPSS 22.0統(tǒng)計軟件,計量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(±s)表示,兩組間的數(shù)據(jù)比較用t檢驗,多組間重復(fù)測量數(shù)據(jù)比較用方差分析,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2.1 LncRNA-ATB-shRNA
下調(diào)Raji細(xì)胞中LncRNA-ATB的表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)染LncRNA-ATB-NC(LncATB-NC)及LncRNA-ATB-shRNA(Lnc-ATB-shRNA)于Raji細(xì)胞48 h后,分別提取兩組細(xì)胞總RNA,各自逆轉(zhuǎn)錄為cDNA,qRT-PCR檢測兩組間LncRNA-ATB的相對表達(dá)量,結(jié)果顯示,qRT-PCR結(jié)果標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化后,LncRNA-ATB-NC組LncRNA-ATB表達(dá)量為(1.000± 0.050),則LncRNA-ATB-shRNA組LncRNA-ATB表達(dá)量為(0.381±0.083),經(jīng)t檢驗,兩組差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=7.346,P=0.007),LncRNA-ATB-shRNA組中LncRNA-ATB表達(dá)較LncRNA-ATB-NC組下調(diào)。見圖1。
2.2 LncRNA-ATB-shRNA抑制Raji細(xì)胞的增殖
MTT檢測轉(zhuǎn)染LncRNA-ATB-NC與LncRNA-
圖1 轉(zhuǎn)染LncRNA-ATB-shRNA和NC的Raji細(xì)胞中LncRNA-ATB表達(dá)水平
ATB-shRNA的Raji細(xì)胞的增殖情況。結(jié)果顯示:①不同時間點的OD值有差異(F=11.251,P=0.003)。②LncRNA-ATB-shRNA組與LncRNA-ATB-NC組與LncRNA-ATB-shRNA的Raji細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞凋亡情況,結(jié)果可見,LncRNA-ATB-NC組凋亡細(xì)胞百分比為(3.741±1.331)%,LncRNA-ATB-shRNA組凋亡細(xì)胞百分比為(11.517±4.319)%,經(jīng)t檢驗,兩組差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=6.448,P=0.021),見圖3。Lnc RNA-ATB-shRNA組的Raji細(xì)胞的凋亡細(xì)胞數(shù)目較LncRNA-ATB-NC組增加。的OD值有差異(F=21.126,P=0.001),LncRNAATB-shRNA組與LncRNA-ATB-NC組相比在OD值較低,增殖速度較慢。③LncRNA-ATB-shRNA組與LncRNA-ATB-NC組的OD值變化趨勢有差異(F=11.119,P=0.007)見附表和圖2。從檢測后第3天開始,LncRNA-ATB-shRNA組細(xì)胞的增殖較對照組出現(xiàn)增殖抑制的現(xiàn)象。
2.3 LncRNA-ATB-shRNA促進(jìn)Raj細(xì)胞的凋亡
流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測分別轉(zhuǎn)染LncRNA-ATB-NC
圖2 轉(zhuǎn)染LncRNA-ATB-shRNA與NC的Raji細(xì)胞的增殖情況
附表 兩組各時間點OD值比較 (n=3)
2.4 LncRNA-ATB-shRNA阻滯Raji細(xì)胞周期
流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測分別轉(zhuǎn)染LncRNA-ATB-NC 與LncRNA-ATB-shRNA的Raji細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞周期情況,結(jié)果可見,LncRNA-ATB-NC組G1期細(xì)胞百分比為(39.564±3.194)%,LncRNA-ATB-shRNA組G1期細(xì)胞百分比為(53.451±6.179)%,經(jīng)t檢驗,兩組差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=3.153,P=0.037),見圖4。LncRNA-ATB-shRNA組的Raji細(xì)胞的G1期細(xì)胞數(shù)目較LncRNA-ATB-NC組增加。
圖3轉(zhuǎn)染LncRNA-ATB-shRNA與LncRNA-ATB-NC 的Raji細(xì)胞的凋亡情況
圖4轉(zhuǎn)染LncRNA-ATB-shRNA與LncRNA-ATB-NC的Raji細(xì)胞周期情況
2.5 Raji細(xì)胞LncRNA-ATB可調(diào)控miR-200c的表達(dá)
qRT-PCR檢測轉(zhuǎn)染LncRNA-ATB-NC與Lnc RNA-ATB-shRNA的Raji細(xì)胞中miR-200c的表達(dá),以及轉(zhuǎn)染miR-200c-NC與miR-200c-mimics的Raji細(xì)胞中LncRNA-ATB的表達(dá)。結(jié)果顯示,qRTPCR結(jié)果標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化后,LncRNA-ATB-NC組miR-200c表達(dá)量為(1.000±0.050),則LncRNA-ATB-shRNA 組LncRNA-ATB表達(dá)量為(3.319±0.013),經(jīng)t檢驗,兩組差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=10.473,P=0.011),見圖5A。轉(zhuǎn)染LncRNA-ATB-shRNA組的Raji細(xì)胞miR-200c的表達(dá)比LncRNA-ATB-NC組增加。而轉(zhuǎn)染miR-200c-NC與 miR-200c mimics的 Raji細(xì)胞LncRNA表達(dá)無變化(t=0.795,P=0.597),見圖5B。結(jié)果提示在淋巴瘤細(xì)胞系Raji細(xì)胞中LncRNA-ATB可調(diào)控miR-200c的表達(dá)。
2.6 miR-200c靶向抑制KRAS
上述結(jié)果提示,LncRNA-ATB可能作為ceRNA調(diào)控miR-200c的表達(dá)而參與淋巴瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展,因此,進(jìn)一步檢測Raji細(xì)胞中miR-200c的靶基因。經(jīng)查閱既往文獻(xiàn)及網(wǎng)站預(yù)測,選取增殖相關(guān)基因KRAS作為下一步的研究重點[12-13]。Luciferase結(jié)果顯示,在淋巴瘤細(xì)胞Raji中KRAS為miR-200c直接靶基因(見圖6A)。結(jié)果顯示,qRT-PCR結(jié)果標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化后,miR-200c-NC組KRAS表達(dá)量為(1.000± 0.050),則 miR-200c mimics組KRAS表達(dá)量為(0.347±0.107),經(jīng)t檢驗,兩組差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=4.195,P=0.027),見圖6B。miR-200c-mimics組的Raji細(xì)胞中KRAS的表達(dá)較miR-200c-NC降低。結(jié)果提示,在淋巴瘤Raji細(xì)胞中miR-200c可直接靶向抑制增殖相關(guān)基因KRAS的表達(dá)。
圖5 淋巴瘤Raji細(xì)胞中LncRNA-ATB與miR-200c的相互作用關(guān)系
2.7 Raji細(xì)胞LncRNA-ATB可調(diào)控KRAS的表達(dá)本研究利用qRT-PCR及Western blot檢測轉(zhuǎn)染LncRNA-ATB-NC與 LncRNA-ATB-shRNA的Raji細(xì)胞中KRAS的表達(dá)。結(jié)果顯示,qRT-PCR結(jié)果標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化后,LncRNA-ATB-NC組KRAS表達(dá)量為(1.000±0.050),則LncRNA-ATB-shRNA組KRAS表達(dá)量為(0.547±0.047),經(jīng)t檢驗,兩組差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=3.198,P=0.41),見圖7。LncRNA-ATB-shRNA組的Raji細(xì)胞KRAS的表達(dá)較LncRNA-ATBNC組降低。結(jié)果提示,淋巴瘤Raji細(xì)胞中,LncRNAATB可競爭性地上調(diào)KRAS的表達(dá)而促進(jìn)淋巴瘤的增殖。
圖6 淋巴瘤Raji細(xì)胞中miR-200c靶向抑制KRAS的表達(dá)
圖7 淋巴瘤Raji細(xì)胞中沉默LncRNA-ATB抑制KRSA的表達(dá)
越來越多的研究證實,LncRNA的異常表達(dá)與腫瘤的發(fā)生及進(jìn)展密切相關(guān),其可通過不同機制在不同的調(diào)節(jié)水平發(fā)揮作用,如染色質(zhì)修飾、轉(zhuǎn)錄水平及轉(zhuǎn)錄后水平,從而發(fā)揮癌基因或抑癌基因的功能。隨著2代測序技術(shù)的發(fā)展,越來越多的長鏈非編碼RNA被證實同淋巴瘤的惡性表型密切相關(guān)。研究表明,長鏈非編碼RNA HOTAIR和LUNAR1等均可促進(jìn)淋巴瘤細(xì)胞的增殖并同彌漫性大B淋巴瘤的不良預(yù)后呈正相關(guān)[14-15]。由Notch活性調(diào)控的長鏈非編碼RNA LUNAR1可增強IGF1R mRNA的表達(dá)并維持IGF1信號,因此,LUNAR1對T細(xì)胞急性淋巴細(xì)胞白血病體內(nèi)和體外的增殖至關(guān)重要[16]。但惡性淋巴瘤特異性的長鏈非編碼RNA的相關(guān)研究仍較少,由于LncRNA具有高度組織特異性和時空特異性,目前急需進(jìn)一步挖掘更多的與淋巴瘤發(fā)生及進(jìn)展密切相關(guān)的LncRNA。LncRNA-ATB是新近鑒定出的可被TGF-β活化的長鏈非編碼RNA,可介導(dǎo)TGF-β的促轉(zhuǎn)移作用[11]。在胰腺癌[17]、結(jié)直腸癌[10]和前列腺癌等[18]多種實體腫瘤內(nèi)異常高表達(dá),且與惡性腫瘤的不良預(yù)后密切相關(guān),提示其可參與調(diào)控腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展,但其生理功能和作用機制尚不完全清楚。然而,關(guān)于LncRNA-ATB在血液系統(tǒng)腫瘤尤其是惡性淋巴瘤發(fā)生、進(jìn)展中的研究,目前國內(nèi)外尚無相關(guān)報道。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),沉默淋巴瘤Raji細(xì)胞LncRNA-ATB表達(dá)后,Raji細(xì)胞的增殖受到抑制,而凋亡能力則增加,此外其細(xì)胞周期亦阻滯于G1期,提示LncRNAATB可促進(jìn)淋巴瘤細(xì)胞的增殖。既往文獻(xiàn)報道,LncRNA-ATB可在多種腫瘤細(xì)胞及瘢痕疙瘩成纖維細(xì)胞中作為競爭性內(nèi)源性RNA與miR-200c結(jié)合[19-20]。為尋找進(jìn)一步的機制,筆者檢測Raji細(xì)胞中LncRNA-ATB與miR-200c的關(guān)系。結(jié)果顯示,LncRNA-ATB可調(diào)控miR-200c的表達(dá),而miR-200c的表達(dá)則對LncRNA-ATB的表達(dá)無影響。上述結(jié)果提示LncRNA-ATB在淋巴瘤Raji細(xì)胞中亦作為ceRNA與miR-200c競爭性地調(diào)控其下游通路。
KRAS基因又稱為GTP酶KRA,于人類11、12及1號染色體定位。KRAS基因是一類癌基因,編碼大小為21kD的RAS蛋白,其具有GTP酶活性[21]。當(dāng)原癌基因的RAS基因激活變?yōu)榘┗驎r,其表達(dá)產(chǎn)物KRAS蛋白的構(gòu)型和功能亦發(fā)生相應(yīng)改變,活化的KRAS蛋白可持續(xù)性地激活下游信號通路,使細(xì)胞不可控制地增殖[22-23]。在淋巴瘤患者中約有10%的患者KRAS基因發(fā)生突變[24],當(dāng)KRAS突變后,將導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞內(nèi)細(xì)胞傳導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)紊亂,細(xì)胞增殖失控而導(dǎo)致癌變。本研究結(jié)果顯示,在淋巴瘤Raji細(xì)胞中KRAS為miR-200c的直接靶分子,而LncRNA-ATB可作為miR-200c的ceRNA競爭性地上調(diào)KRAS的表達(dá),從而促進(jìn)淋巴瘤細(xì)胞增殖。
綜上所述,本研究利用RNA干擾技術(shù)沉默Raji細(xì)胞中LncRNA-ATB的表達(dá),檢測LncRNA-ATB在Raji細(xì)胞增殖、凋亡和周期中的作用及潛在機制。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),沉默LncRNA-ATB表達(dá)可以抑制Raji細(xì)胞增殖,而促進(jìn)結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞的凋亡,并使細(xì)胞周期阻滯于G1期。其可能的潛在機制為LncRNA-ATB作為ceRNA與miR-200c競爭性地調(diào)控KRAS的表達(dá)。本研究為LncRNA-ATB在淋巴瘤細(xì)胞惡性增殖過程中的分子機制相關(guān)研究提供一定的前期基礎(chǔ),為進(jìn)一步研究LncRNA-ATB在淋巴瘤發(fā)生、發(fā)展中的作用提供理論基礎(chǔ),為淋巴瘤的治療提供新的分子靶標(biāo)。
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Effect of LncRNA-ATB on proliferation,apoptosis and cell cycle of Raji cell
Wei Zhao1,Xiao-ming Li2
(1.Southwest Medical University,Luzhou,Sichuan 646000,China;2.Department of Hematology,the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou,Sichuan 646000,China)
Objective To investigate effects of long non-coding RNA activated by TGF-β (LncRNA-ATB) on cell proliferation,apoptosis,and cell cycle of human lymphoma Raji cell. Methods The efficiency of LncRNA-ATB shRNA,miR-200c mimics,and the expressions of LncRNA-ATB,miR-200c,and KRAS were detected by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR).The cell proliferation of Raji transfected with LncRNAATB shRNA and NC were analyzed by MTT assays,and the cell apoptosis and cell cycle of Raji cells transfected with LncRNA-ATB shRNA and NC were analyzed by flow cytometry.Luciferase assays were performed to detect whether KRAS was the direct target of miR-200c.Results The expression of LncRNA-ATB could be effectively silenced by LncRNA-ATB-shRNA.Compared with Raji cells transfected with LncRNAATB-NC,cell proliferation significantly inhibited in Raji cells transfected with LncRNA-ATB-shRNA,but cells apoptosis was significantly promoted.Cell cycle was arrested at G1 phage in Raji cells transfected with LncRNA-ATB-shRNA.Further investigation found that LncRNA-ATB could promote the proliferation of Raji cells and function as ceRNA to upregulate the expression of KRAS by competed with miR-200c.Conclusions LncRNA-ATB may play an important role in the proliferation,apoptosis and cell cycle of Raji cells by upreg-ulating the expression of KRAS.
LncRNA-ATB;Raji cell;kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene;miR-200c;proliferation
R733.4
A
10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2017.05.004
1005-8982(2017)05-0018-06
2016-06-07
李曉明,E-mail:lxm6358@21cn.com