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多發(fā)性骨髓瘤患者血清乳酸脫氫酶和C反應(yīng)蛋白檢測及臨床意義

2016-10-19 15:10張浩然畢明宏翟云芝
中國醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報(bào) 2016年5期
關(guān)鍵詞:多發(fā)性骨髓瘤c反應(yīng)蛋白

張浩然 畢明宏 翟云芝 等

[摘要] 目的 探討在多發(fā)性骨髓瘤(MM)患者中血清乳酸脫氫酶(LDH)和C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)水平測定的臨床意義。 方法 分別采用速率法和散射比濁法測定2013年7月~2015年9月蚌埠醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院收治的32例MM患者(Ⅰ期8例、Ⅱ期11例、Ⅲ期13例)及20名健康體檢者的血清LDH和CRP水平,分析LDH和CRP與疾病臨床進(jìn)展及預(yù)后的關(guān)系。 結(jié)果 MM患者血清LDH和CRP水平高于健康體檢者(P < 0.05);LDH和CRP水平與患者年齡和性別均無相關(guān)性(P > 0.05);不同分期MM患者LDH和CRP水平比較結(jié)果顯示,LDH和CRP水平均為Ⅲ期明顯高于Ⅱ期,Ⅱ期高于Ⅰ期,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);經(jīng)2個(gè)周期的化療后,患者LDH和CRP水平均較治療前顯著下降(P < 0.05);MM患者的LDH水平與CRP呈明顯正相關(guān)(P < 0.05)。 結(jié)論 血清LDH和CRP水平檢測可作為MM診斷、分期和預(yù)后評(píng)估的相關(guān)指標(biāo)。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 多發(fā)性骨髓瘤;乳酸脫氫酶;C反應(yīng)蛋白

[中圖分類號(hào)] R733.3 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2016)02(b)-0115-04

Determination and clinical significance of serum lactate dehydrogenase and C-reactive protein in patients with multiple myeloma

ZHANG Haoran1 BI Minghong1 ZHAI Yunzhi1 PAN Chengwu2 ZHAO Lun1

1.Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Province, Bengbu 233004, China; 2.Department of Surgical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Province, Bengbu 233004, China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinical significance of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in multiple myeloma (MM). Methods The levels of serum LDH and CRP of 32 MM patients (8 cases in stage Ⅰ, 11 cases in stage Ⅱ and 13 cases in stage Ⅲ) and 20 healthy persons in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from July 2013 to September 2015 were measured by using velocity method and nephelometry assay. The relationships of LDH and CRP with clinical characteristics and prognosis were analyzed. Results The levels of serum LDH and CRP in MM patients were obviously higher than those of healthy persons (P < 0.05). The levels of serum LDH and CRP in MM patients were not correlated with age and gender (P > 0.05). The serum LDH and CRP of MM patients in different stages were respectively compared, which showed that the levels of LDH and CRP in stage Ⅲ were all higher than those of stage Ⅱ (P < 0.05), which of stage Ⅱ were higher than those of stage Ⅰ, the differences were all statistically significant (P < 0.05). The levels of serum LDH and CRP after two cycles of chemotherapy were significantly decreased compared with before treatment (P < 0.05). The levels of LDH in patients with MM were positively correlated with CRP (P < 0.05). Conclusion The detection of levels of serum LDH and CRP can be used as the relative indexes for diagnosis, classification and prognosis of patients with MM.

[Key words] Multiple myeloma; Lactate dehydrogenase; C-reactive protein

多發(fā)性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)居血液系統(tǒng)惡性腫瘤第2位,占10%~15%[1]。MM是一種起源于B淋巴細(xì)胞并能分泌大量單克隆免疫球蛋白的惡性漿細(xì)胞腫瘤。文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道顯示血清中C反應(yīng)蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)及血清乳酸脫氫酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)水平增高與不良預(yù)后有關(guān)[2-3],LDH和CRP與MM患者病情變化有密切的關(guān)系,因此本研究對MM患者LDH和CRP水平進(jìn)行分析,對提高M(jìn)M患者的診治及預(yù)后的認(rèn)識(shí)有重要意義?,F(xiàn)報(bào)道如下:

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

收集2013年7月~2015年9月蚌埠醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院(以下簡稱“我院”)收治的MM患者32例,男18例,女14例;年齡40~76歲,平均(56.3±12.6)歲。所有病例均符合《血液病診斷及療效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》[4]的判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),按Durie-Salmon分期法:Ⅰ期8例,Ⅱ期11例,Ⅲ期13例。同時(shí)選擇我院同期健康體檢者20名作為對照,男11名,女9名,年齡38~75歲,平均(53.8±10.2)歲。MM患者與健康者在性別、年齡方面比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),具有可比性。

1.2 方法

空腹采集靜脈血5 mL,分離血清標(biāo)本,測定LDH和CRP水平;經(jīng)過2個(gè)周期的化療以后,復(fù)查LDH和CRP指標(biāo)。LDH的檢測采用速率法,測定采用美國Beckman Coulter LX20全自動(dòng)生化分析儀,109~245 U/L為正常范圍。CRP的檢測采用散射比濁法,儀器為美國Beckman Coulter Array360特定蛋白分析儀。CRP正常范圍<6 mg/L。上述檢測均按說明書進(jìn)行操作。

1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

所有數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS 17.0軟件包進(jìn)行分析。非正態(tài)分布數(shù)據(jù)比較采用非參數(shù)法 Mann-Whitney檢驗(yàn)。計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn)或方差分析。相關(guān)性分析采用Spearman等級(jí)相關(guān)分析法。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 MM患者和健康者血清LDH和CRP水平比較

MM患者血清LDH和CRP水平均高于健康體檢者(P < 0.05)。見表1。

表1 MM患者和健康者血清LDH和CRP水平比較(x±s)

注:與健康者比較,*P < 0.05;LDH:乳酸脫氫酶;CRP:C反應(yīng)蛋白

2.2 MM患者LDH和CRP水平與年齡和性別的關(guān)系

LDH和CRP水平與患者年齡和性別均無相關(guān)性(P > 0.05)。見表2。

2.3 不同分期MM患者LDH和CRP水平比較

Ⅲ期MM患者血清LDH和CRP水平明顯高于Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期(P < 0.05),Ⅱ期MM患者血清LDH和CRP水平明顯高于Ⅰ期(P < 0.05)。見表3。

表3 不同分期MM患者LDH和CRP水平比較(x±s)

注:與Ⅰ期比較,*P < 0.05;與Ⅱ期比較,#P < 0.05;MM:多發(fā)性骨髓瘤;LDH:乳酸脫氫酶;CRP:C反應(yīng)蛋白

2.4 MM患者治療前后LDH和CRP水平變化

經(jīng)過2個(gè)周期的化療后,患者LDH和CRP水平均較治療前顯著下降(P < 0.05)。見表4。

表4 MM患者治療前后LDH和CRP水平變化(x±s)

注:與化療前比較,*P < 0.05;MM:多發(fā)性骨髓瘤;LDH:乳酸脫氫酶;CRP:C反應(yīng)蛋白

2.5 MM患者血清LDH與CRP的相關(guān)性

將MM患者血清LDH與CRP進(jìn)行Spearman相關(guān)性分析,結(jié)果顯示LDH水平與CRP呈明顯正相關(guān)(r = 0.613,P < 0.05)。

3 討論

化療是MM患者的主要治療手段之一,化療有助于延長患者存活時(shí)間,提高患者生活質(zhì)量。本研究觀察了化療前后LDH和CRP的改變情況。以往多項(xiàng)研究顯示血清LDH和CRP在惡性腫瘤中均有不同程度的升高[2-4],在本研究中得到進(jìn)一步證實(shí)。

LDH測定在淋巴瘤、MM、白血病等多種惡性腫瘤疾病中的輔助診斷、療效判斷及預(yù)后方面均有重要的價(jià)值[5-7],LDH水平明顯升高者,多為病情惡化、預(yù)后不佳,而其值低者,則預(yù)后較好,長期生存期一般較長[8-9]。本研究結(jié)果顯示MM患者血清中LDH水平較健康者明顯增高,提示LDH測定可以作為MM診斷的輔助指標(biāo)。在正常機(jī)體內(nèi)血清LDH的含量低于組織細(xì)胞的1/1000。在腫瘤病理狀態(tài)下,惡性腫瘤細(xì)胞的糖酵解與三羧酸循環(huán)脫節(jié),出現(xiàn)細(xì)胞代謝紊亂現(xiàn)象,惡性腫瘤細(xì)胞葡萄糖代謝的含量超過正常組織的5~10倍,其中大多轉(zhuǎn)化為乳酸鹽,可引起釋放入血的酶含量增加[10]。在機(jī)體內(nèi)肝臟中LDH的濃度最高,其次是骨骼肌、心臟及腎臟[11]。本研究中排除心、肝、腎病變和溶血標(biāo)本后的結(jié)果顯示,血清LDH水平在不同臨床分期(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期)中存在明顯不同,也從另一角度說明MM患者體內(nèi)惡性漿細(xì)胞的含量及增殖狀況。本研究結(jié)果顯示,化療前后的LDH變化明顯,化療后LDH活力下降并恢復(fù)至正常,提示惡性腫瘤細(xì)胞生長增殖受到抑制或腫瘤細(xì)胞已被大量殺滅?;颊呓?jīng)相應(yīng)化療或其他治療后,病情好轉(zhuǎn)或緩解,多數(shù)病例LDH均有不同程度降低。LDH廣泛分布于人體組織細(xì)胞中,腫瘤細(xì)胞快速增殖導(dǎo)致缺氧誘導(dǎo)因子-1激活,從而導(dǎo)致LDH等糖酵解酶基因的表達(dá),使LDH合成增加。Colovi等[12]研究顯示LDH水平是MM的一項(xiàng)獨(dú)立預(yù)后指標(biāo),根據(jù)LDH水平可判斷MM疾病的進(jìn)展。由此表明LDH變化在預(yù)測MM患者預(yù)后方面具有重要的臨床意義。

CPR是由肝臟合成的一種能與肺炎球菌C多糖體反應(yīng)形成復(fù)合物的急性時(shí)相反應(yīng)蛋白,其參與體內(nèi)多種生理及病理過程,進(jìn)一步研究發(fā)現(xiàn)CRP在淋巴瘤、骨髓瘤、肺癌、乳腺癌、食管癌等腫瘤中明顯升高,其可作為血液腫瘤的預(yù)后因子[13-16]。研究表明CRP、IL-6水平與患者的病情密切相關(guān)[17-19]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,MM患者化療前CRP與臨床分期存在正相關(guān)性。這提示CRP可能成為反映MM患者疾病變化的指標(biāo),有可能對MM患者的預(yù)后有參考價(jià)值。有研究結(jié)果表明,CRP測定用于腫瘤的治療和預(yù)后有積極意義,高水平的和持久的血清CRP是某些惡性腫瘤不利的預(yù)后因素[20]。本研究結(jié)果顯示化療后CRP水平較化療前顯著下降,提示CRP水平可能作為MM患者預(yù)后的一個(gè)指標(biāo),同時(shí)考慮到CRP是一個(gè)在臨床中經(jīng)常被采用的簡單而常規(guī)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查指標(biāo),因此其存在一定的臨床參考價(jià)值。

本研究結(jié)果顯示MM患者血清LDH和CRP水平高于健康體檢者,分期高的患者LDH和CRP水平也較高?;熐昂驦DH及CRP水平受到顯著影響,MM患者化療后LDH及CRP水平下降。血清LDH與CRP水平呈正相關(guān)。聯(lián)合檢測血清LDH和CRP改變可作為MM患者預(yù)后的重要指標(biāo)。但由于本研究樣本較少,因此LDH和CRP在MM診療及預(yù)后中的價(jià)值還需要更多的數(shù)據(jù)和資料來進(jìn)一步研究和證實(shí)。

[參考文獻(xiàn)]

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[4] 張之南,沈悌.血液病診斷及療效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[M].2版.北京:科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社,1998:168-194.

[5] Astrom M,Bodin L,Nilsson I,et al. Treatment long-term outcome and prognostic variable in 214 unselected AML patients in Sweden [J]. Br J Cancer,2000,82(8):1387-1392.

[6] Kyrtsonis MC,Vassilakopoulos TP,Kafasi N,et al. Prognostic value of serum free light chain ratio at diagnosis in multiple myeloma [J]. Br J Haematol,2007,137(3):240-243.

[7] Kiba T,Ito T,Nakashima T,et al. Bortezomib and dexamethasone for multiple myeloma:higher AST and LDH levels associated with a worse prognosis on overall survival [J]. BMC Cancer,2014,14:462.

[8] Ohanian M,Rozovski U,Ravandi F,et al. Very high levels of lactate dehydrogenase at diagnosis predict central nervous system relapse in acute promyelocytic leukaemia [J]. Br J Haematol,2015,169(4):595-597.

[9] Wang J,Wang H,Liu A,et al. Lactate dehydrogenase A negatively regulated by miRNAs promotes aerobic glycolysis and is increased in colorectal cancer [J]. Oncotarget,2015, 6(23):19456-19468.

[10] Tankó LB,Bagger YZ,Christiansen C. Long-term risk of malignant neoplasm associated with gestational glucose intolerance [J]. Cancer,2004,100(12):2680-2681.

[11] Velichko MG,Petushole VG,Gorbach ZV,et al. Lactate level in the tissues of animals with a tumor administered oxythiamine and the properties of lactate dehydrogenase [J]. Vopr Med Khim,1981,27(5):594-600.

[12] Colovic M,Jankovic G,Suvajdzic N,et al. Thirty patients with primary plasma cell leukemia:a single center experience [J]. Med Oncol,2008,25(2):154-160.

[13] 敖繼紅.CRP及D-二聚體在淋巴瘤或白血病中臨床應(yīng)用[J].現(xiàn)代預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué),2013,40(5):978-981.

[14] Herishanu Y,Perry C,Braunstein R,et al. Early-mid treatment C-reactive protein level is a prognostic factor in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [J]. Eur J Hematol,2007,79(2):150-154.

[15] Pavlu J,Auner HW,Ellis S,et al. LACE-conditioned autologous stem cell transplantation for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma:treatment outcome and risk factor analysis from a single centre [J]. Hematol Oncol,2011,29(2):75-80.

[16] Verma GR,Thiagarajan S,Gupta R,et al. Thrombocytosis and raised CRP levels predicts advanced stage in esophageal carcinoma [J]. J Gastrointest Cancer,2015,46(4):350-355.

[17] Babaei Z,Moslemi D,Parsian H,et al. Relationship of obesity with serum concentrations of leptin,CRP and IL-6 in breast cancer survivors [J]. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst,2015,27(4):223-229.

[18] Graff JN,Beer TM,Liu B,et al. Pooled analysis of C-reactive protein levels and mortality in prostate cancer patients [J]. Clin Genitourin Cancer,2015,13(4):e217-e221.

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(收稿日期:2015-11-01 本文編輯:張瑜杰)

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