宋建宏,李清松,余光偉
(浙江大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬第二醫(yī)院放療科,浙江 杭州 310009)
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自身免疫細(xì)胞與放療聯(lián)合治療對(duì)宮頸癌患者生活質(zhì)量和免疫功能的影響
宋建宏,李清松,余光偉
(浙江大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬第二醫(yī)院放療科,浙江 杭州 310009)
目的探討自身免疫細(xì)胞與放療聯(lián)合治療宮頸癌臨床療效,分析對(duì)宮頸癌患者生活質(zhì)量及免疫功能的影響。方法選取2012年5月至2015年6月浙江大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬第二醫(yī)院放療科收治的85例宮頸癌患者為研究對(duì)象,分為對(duì)照組(n=42)和觀察組(n=43),對(duì)照組患者單純放療,觀察組給予自身免疫細(xì)胞與放療聯(lián)合治療,觀察各組臨床療效,比較治療前后兩組患者免疫功能及治療后生活質(zhì)量。結(jié)果觀察組總有效率為86.05%,對(duì)照組為64.28%,兩組比較具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(χ2=5.409,P=0.02)。對(duì)照組治療后CD3+、CD4+、CD8+細(xì)胞絕對(duì)值明顯低于治療前(t值分別為11.036、7.624、14.379,均P<0.05),觀察組明顯高于治療前(t值分別為15.996、12.241、13.981,均P<0.05),治療后兩組CD3+、CD4+、CD8+細(xì)胞絕對(duì)值比較有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(t值分別為22.758、20.839、27.140,均P<0.05)。治療后兩組患者生存質(zhì)量評(píng)分均明顯高于治療前(t對(duì)照組值分別為3.378、4.022、3.320、3.864,t觀察組值分別為6.984、7.289、5.389、7.017,均P<0.05),觀察組治療后生存質(zhì)量評(píng)分顯著高于對(duì)照組(t值分別為3.609、3.386、3.009、4.417,均P<0.05)。治療后Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、Ⅲ~Ⅳ期兩組患者生存質(zhì)量評(píng)分均明顯高于治療前(tⅠ~Ⅱ期值分別為8.843、5.040、9.026、3.864,tⅢ~Ⅳ期值分別為5.534、5.314、9.604、10.210,均P<0.05),治療后生存質(zhì)量評(píng)分Ⅰ~Ⅱ期高于Ⅲ~Ⅳ期(t值分別為4.216、3.391、5.895、4.812,P<0.05)。對(duì)照組出現(xiàn)骨髓抑制3例,消化道反應(yīng)3例,觀察組出現(xiàn)消化道反應(yīng)3例,兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(χ2=1.199,P=0.271)。結(jié)論自身免疫細(xì)胞與放療聯(lián)合治療宮頸癌臨床療效顯著,可通過提高患者免疫功能,提升患者生活質(zhì)量。
自身免疫細(xì)胞;放療;宮頸癌;生活質(zhì)量
[Key words]self-immune cell; radiotherapy; cervical cancer; quality of life
宮頸癌為女性生殖系統(tǒng)常見惡性腫瘤[1],在我國(guó)的發(fā)病率較高,呈現(xiàn)不斷增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)[2],目前宮頸癌主要治療方法為綜合性治療:手術(shù)為主聯(lián)合放化療,放化療對(duì)患者生活質(zhì)量及免疫功能有一定影響,不利于患者預(yù)后[3]。自身免疫細(xì)胞治療法通過采集機(jī)體自身免疫細(xì)胞,特殊方法體外培養(yǎng)后回輸至機(jī)體,具有主動(dòng)靶向攻擊性,可提高機(jī)體免疫力,由于宮頸癌患者多存在細(xì)胞免疫功能缺陷[4]。為提高患者生活質(zhì)量及免疫功能,本研究探討了不能實(shí)施手術(shù)治療的宮頸癌患者采用自身免疫細(xì)胞與放療聯(lián)合治療的臨床療效,分析對(duì)宮頸癌患者生活質(zhì)量及免疫功能的影響。
1.1臨床資料
選取2012年5月至2015年6月浙江大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬第二醫(yī)院收治的85例宮頸癌患者為研究對(duì)象,患者在知情同意下按照治療方案隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組(n=42)和觀察組(n=43)對(duì)照組患者單純放療,觀察組給予自身免疫細(xì)胞與放療聯(lián)合治療,年齡28~66歲,平均(47.51±6.24)歲,宮頸癌患者經(jīng)B超、病理組織學(xué)及細(xì)胞學(xué)檢查,經(jīng)組織病理學(xué)確診為宮頸癌,排除嚴(yán)重心肝腎等器官功能障礙者、其他惡性腫瘤患者。所有患者均接受放療,按組織病理學(xué)檢測(cè)結(jié)果(國(guó)際婦產(chǎn)科聯(lián)盟分期標(biāo)準(zhǔn))分為:22例Ⅰb期,25例Ⅱb期,19例Ⅲ期,19例Ⅳ期,病理類型:鱗狀細(xì)胞癌75例,粘液腺癌3例,宮頸內(nèi)膜腺癌7例。本研究通過醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),所有患者均簽署知情同意書。兩組患者在年齡、臨床分期等方面比較無顯著性差異(P>0.05),具有可比性,臨床一般資料見表1。
組別對(duì)照組(n=42)觀察組(n=43)t/χ2P年齡(歲)48.43±5.2846.84±5.311.3840.171臨床分期0.1330.991 Ⅰb期11(26.19)11(25.58) Ⅱb期13(20.95)12(27.90) Ⅲ期9(21.43)10(23.26) Ⅳ期9(21.43)10(23.26)病理類型0.4780.792 鱗狀細(xì)胞癌37(88.10)38(88.37) 宮頸內(nèi)膜腺癌3(7.14)4(9.30) 粘液腺癌2(4.76)1(2.33)
1.2治療方法
兩組患者均根據(jù)實(shí)際情況給予放療,外照射分次劑量180~200Gy,內(nèi)照射以A、B點(diǎn)作為劑量計(jì)算參考點(diǎn),總劑量A點(diǎn):25~36Gy,B點(diǎn):40~50Gy,Ⅰ期患者盆腔四野照射,40~50Gy/4周,Ⅱ期患者45~50Gy/5周,Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期患者45~60Gy/6周。觀察組43例患者在此基礎(chǔ)上聯(lián)合應(yīng)用自身細(xì)胞免疫治療(CD3AK、CIK、DC、NK、γδT細(xì)胞、α-GalCer荷載DC細(xì)胞),具體為:每次采集細(xì)胞經(jīng)培養(yǎng)后根據(jù)不同類型回輸,細(xì)胞制備及誘導(dǎo)擴(kuò)增參考文獻(xiàn)方法[5]。5例患者病情嚴(yán)重,治療1個(gè)月后進(jìn)行第2次治療,38例患者在3月后行第2次治療;其中10例接受9個(gè)療程,10例接受7個(gè)療程,23例接受6個(gè)療程免疫細(xì)胞治療。
1.3觀察指標(biāo)
①免疫細(xì)胞亞群:兩組患者在治療前及治療后1周抽取外周血5mL,采用流式細(xì)胞儀測(cè)定T免疫細(xì)胞亞群(CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+)細(xì)胞水平變化情況;②生活質(zhì)量:觀察兩組患者治療前后生存質(zhì)量評(píng)分[參考SF-36量表(short form-36),即生存質(zhì)量調(diào)查量表];③不良反應(yīng):觀察并記錄患者治療期間出現(xiàn)的不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。
1.4療效評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
按照國(guó)際抗癌聯(lián)盟療效判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[6]:CR完全緩解:腫瘤體積肉眼消失,無新病灶發(fā)生,PR部分緩解:腫瘤體積縮小>50%,無新病灶發(fā)生,SD疾病穩(wěn)定:腫瘤體積縮小<50%,PD疾病進(jìn)展:腫瘤體積無縮小,有新病灶發(fā)生。有效率=(CR+PR)/全部病例×100%。
1.5統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
2.1兩組患者臨床療效比較
觀察組總有效率為86.05%,對(duì)照組為64.28%,兩組比較具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(χ2=5.409,P=0.02),見表2。
表2 兩組患者臨床療效比較[n(%)]
2.2兩組患者治療前后免疫指標(biāo)變化
治療前后兩組T淋巴細(xì)胞亞群比例無明顯變化(P>0.05),對(duì)照組治療后CD3+、CD4+、CD8+細(xì)胞絕對(duì)值明顯低于治療前(t值分別為11.036、7.624、14.379,均P<0.05),觀察組明顯高于治療前(t值分別為15.996、12.241、13.981,均P<0.05),治療后兩組CD3+、CD4+、CD8+細(xì)胞絕對(duì)值比較有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(t值分別為22.758、20.839、27.140,均P<0.05),見表3。
表3 兩組患者治療前后免疫指標(biāo)比較±S)
注:與治療前比較,*P<0.05;與治療后對(duì)照組比較,P<0.05。
2.3兩組患者治療前后生存質(zhì)量評(píng)分比較
治療后兩組患者生存質(zhì)量評(píng)分均明顯高于治療前(t對(duì)照組值分別為3.378、4.022、3.320、3.864,t觀察組值分別為6.984、7.289、5.389、7.017,均P<0.05),觀察組治療后生存質(zhì)量評(píng)分顯著高于對(duì)照組(t值分別為3.609、3.386、3.009、4.417,均P<0.05),見表4。
表4 兩組患者治療前后生存質(zhì)量評(píng)分比較±S)
注:與治療前比較,*P<0.05;與治療后對(duì)照組比較,P<0.05。
2.4聯(lián)合治療對(duì)不同臨床分期患者生存質(zhì)量的影響
治療后Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、Ⅲ~Ⅳ期兩組患者生存質(zhì)量評(píng)分均明顯高于治療前(tⅠ~Ⅱ期值分別為8.843、5.040、9.026、3.864,tⅢ~Ⅳ期值分別為5.534、5.314、9.604、10.210,均P<0.05),治療后生存質(zhì)量評(píng)分Ⅰ~Ⅱ期高于Ⅲ~Ⅳ期(t值分別為4.216、3.391、5.895、4.812,P<0.05),見表5。
表5 聯(lián)合治療對(duì)不同臨床分期患者生存質(zhì)量的影響±S)
注:與治療前比較,*P<0.05;與治療后Ⅰ~Ⅱ期比較,P<0.05。
2.5治療期間不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況
對(duì)照組出現(xiàn)骨髓抑制3例,消化道反應(yīng)3例,觀察組出現(xiàn)消化道反應(yīng)3例,兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(χ2=1.199,P=0.271)。
3.1 晚期宮頸癌的自身免疫細(xì)胞治療
目前對(duì)于宮頸癌的主要治療方法為手術(shù)與放化療,有研究結(jié)果表明[7],宮頸癌患者免疫功能下降,免疫細(xì)胞數(shù)量降低,晚期宮頸癌患者表現(xiàn)更為突出,由于晚期宮頸癌患者的腫瘤體積相對(duì)較大,腫瘤微環(huán)境內(nèi)存在免疫抑制,腫瘤細(xì)胞在化療中易產(chǎn)生免疫逃逸及抵抗[8],隨著對(duì)宮頸癌免疫機(jī)制的不斷深入了解,免疫方法治療宮頸癌方面取得一定效果,固有免疫及適應(yīng)性免疫在機(jī)體抗腫瘤免疫中均起到重要作用,由于在免疫逃逸期,進(jìn)入腫瘤內(nèi)的免疫細(xì)胞在腫瘤細(xì)胞分泌的免疫抑制因子作用下被“馴化”,形成免疫抑制網(wǎng)絡(luò),單一種類免疫細(xì)胞與少量免疫細(xì)胞治療效果較差,聯(lián)合應(yīng)用大量固有免疫與適應(yīng)性免疫臨床效果較好[8]。本研究探討了宮頸癌患者采用自身免疫細(xì)胞與放療聯(lián)合治療的臨床療效及對(duì)宮頸癌患者生活質(zhì)量及免疫功能的影響。
3.2自身免疫細(xì)胞與放療聯(lián)合治療對(duì)免疫功能影響
本研究結(jié)果表明,治療后聯(lián)合治療組總有效率為86.05%明顯高于單純放療組64.28%,兩組比較具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異;治療前后兩組T淋巴細(xì)胞亞群比例無明顯變化,治療后CD3+、CD4+、CD8+細(xì)胞絕對(duì)值單純放療組明顯低于治療前水平,聯(lián)合治療組明顯高于治療前水平,治療后兩組CD3+、CD4+、CD8+細(xì)胞絕對(duì)值比較有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異;提示自身免疫細(xì)胞治療聯(lián)合放療在臨床療效與改善免疫功能方面優(yōu)于單純放療,放療中由于放射線照射損傷機(jī)體免疫細(xì)胞,放療患者治療后T淋巴細(xì)胞絕對(duì)值降低,未被照射腫瘤周圍組織可能在一段時(shí)間后繼續(xù)生長(zhǎng),放療在殺傷腫瘤細(xì)胞時(shí)可釋放“危險(xiǎn)信號(hào)”,結(jié)合自身免疫細(xì)胞治療可提高治療效果。
3.3自身免疫細(xì)胞與放療聯(lián)合治療對(duì)生存質(zhì)量影響
本研究結(jié)果表明,治療后兩組患者生存質(zhì)量評(píng)分均明顯高于治療前,治療后生存質(zhì)量評(píng)分聯(lián)合治療組顯著高于單純放療組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,提示自身免疫細(xì)胞與放療聯(lián)合治療宮頸癌臨床療效顯著,可通過提高患者免疫功能提升患者生活質(zhì)量。治療后Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、Ⅲ~Ⅳ期兩組患者生存質(zhì)量評(píng)分均明顯高于治療前,治療后生存質(zhì)量評(píng)分Ⅰ~Ⅱ期高于Ⅲ~Ⅳ期,提示聯(lián)合治療對(duì)不同分期的宮頸癌患者生存質(zhì)量的影響不同,不同細(xì)胞周期腫瘤細(xì)胞對(duì)于放療敏感性不同,對(duì)于宮頸癌晚期患者,由于患者機(jī)體可能存在多處轉(zhuǎn)移或腫瘤負(fù)荷太大,回輸少量單一種類自身免疫細(xì)胞不能殺傷所有腫瘤細(xì)胞,腫瘤內(nèi)淋巴管缺乏相應(yīng)粘附分子及新生血管影響,血液循環(huán)中的免疫細(xì)胞不能進(jìn)入腫瘤內(nèi)有效殺傷腫瘤細(xì)胞,大量多種類免疫細(xì)胞聯(lián)合應(yīng)用效果較好,自身免疫細(xì)胞與放療聯(lián)合治療宮頸癌可提高臨床療效。
綜上所述,自身免疫細(xì)胞與放療聯(lián)合治療宮頸癌臨床療效顯著,可通過提高患者免疫功能提升患者生活質(zhì)量。
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[專業(yè)責(zé)任編輯: 楊筱鳳]
Influence of self-immune cell therapy combined with radiotherapy on the quality of life and immune function of patients with cervical cancer
SONG Jian-hong, LI Qing-song, YU Guang-wei
(Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical College,Zhejiang Hangzhou 310009, China)
Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of self-immune cell therapy combined with radiotherapy as well as their influence on the quality of life and immune function of patients with cervical cancer. Methods A total of 85 patients with cervical cancer admitted from May 2012 to June 2015 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical College were selected in study, and they were divided into control group (n=42) and observation group (n=43). Patients in the control group were given radiotherapy treatment, while patients in the observation group were given self-immune cell therapy combined with radiotherapy. The clinical efficacy, immune function and quality of life after treatment were compared between two groups. Results After treatment, the total effective rate was 86.05% and 64.28% in the observation group and the control group, respectively, and the difference was significant (χ2=5.409,P=0.020). Compared with those before treatment, the absolute values of CD3+, CD4+and CD8+cells in the control group were lower (tvalue was 11.036, 7.624 and 14.379, respectively, allP<0.05) ,while they were higher in the observation group after treatment (tvalue was 15.996, 12.241 and 13.981, respectively, allP<0.05). The absolute value of CD3+, CD4+and CD8+cells after treatment in two groups showed significant differences (tvalue was 22.758, 20.839 and 27.140, respectively, allP<0.05). The quality of life scores after treatment were significantly higher than before treatment in two groups (tvalue was 3.378, 4.022, 3.320 and 3.864,respectively in the control group and t value was 6.984, 7.289, 5.389 and 7.017, respectively in the observation group, allP<0.05), and they were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (tvalue was 3.609, 3.386 3.009 and 4.417, respectively, allP<0.05). After treatment, quality of life score in patients of stage Ⅰ-Ⅱand those of Ⅲ -Ⅳ were higher than those before treatment (tvalue was 8.843, 5.040, 9.026 and 3.864,respectively in Ⅰ-Ⅱ stage and t value was 5.534, 5.314, 9.604 and 10.210, respectively in Ⅲ-Ⅳ stage, allP<0.05). After treatment the quality of life scores of patients of stageⅠ-Ⅱ were higher than those of patients of stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ (tvalue was 4.216, 3.391, 5.895 and 4.812,respectively, allP<0.05). In the control group there were 3 cases of myelosuppression and 3 cases with digestive tract reaction. There were only 3 cases with digestive tract reaction in the observation group. The incidence of adverse reactions was not statistically significant between two groups (χ2=1.199,P=0.271).Conclusion Clinical efficacy of self-immune cell therapy combined with radiotherapy in treatment of cervical cancer is significant, which can enhance the quality of life by improving immune function in patients.
2016-05-10
宋建宏(1984-),女,醫(yī)師,主要從事臨床放療工作。
余光偉,副主任醫(yī)師。
10.3969/j.issn.1673-5293.2016.08.008
R737.3
A
1673-5293(2016)08-0926-04