晏文濤,潘衛(wèi)東,劉柏岑,吳翱蘭,劉金河,劉杰麟
(貴州醫(yī)科大學(xué),貴陽550025)
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·論著·
漢防己甲素衍生物P-42對人乳腺癌細(xì)胞增殖、凋亡的影響及機(jī)制探討
晏文濤,潘衛(wèi)東,劉柏岑,吳翱蘭,劉金河,劉杰麟
(貴州醫(yī)科大學(xué),貴陽550025)
目的觀察漢防己甲素(TET)衍生物P-42對人乳腺癌細(xì)胞株MDA-MB-435增殖、凋亡的影響,并探討其機(jī)制。方法收集對數(shù)生長期MDA-MB-435細(xì)胞,觀察組分別加入不同濃度P-42,空白對照組加入DMEM培養(yǎng)液,培養(yǎng)24 h后,采用MTT法測算細(xì)胞增殖抑制率,流式細(xì)胞儀檢測細(xì)胞凋亡率。收集對數(shù)生長期MDA-MB-435細(xì)胞,觀察組分別加入終濃度2、10 μmmol/L的P-42,對照組加入DMEM培養(yǎng)液,另設(shè)正常乳腺細(xì)胞MCF-10a為空白組,采用Western blot法檢測各組細(xì)胞布盧姆綜合征(BLM)蛋白。結(jié)果當(dāng)P-42 濃度在5、20、80 μmmol/L時,MDA-MB-435細(xì)胞增殖抑制率分別為76.00%、84.77%和85.53%,20、80 μmmol/L時細(xì)胞增殖抑制率均高于5 μmmol/L時,P均<0.05;80 μmmol/L時細(xì)胞增殖抑制率高于20 μmmol/L時,但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。觀察組P-42 濃度在 2、10 μmmol/L時,細(xì)胞早期凋亡率分別為39.47%、87.95%,晚期凋亡率分別為2.73%、3.82%,對照組分別為1.40%、0.90%,組間比較,P均<0.05。觀察組P-42 濃度在 2、10 μmmol/L時, BLM蛋白的相對表達(dá)量為31.57±7.80、33.82±8.61,對照組和空白組BLM蛋白相對表達(dá)量分別為12.73±1.14、19.12±1.58,組間比較,P均<0.05。 結(jié)論TET衍生物P-42可抑制MDA-MB-435細(xì)胞增殖,誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡,其機(jī)制可能與促進(jìn)BLM蛋白表達(dá)有關(guān)。
漢防己甲素;乳腺癌;細(xì)胞增殖;細(xì)胞凋亡;布盧姆綜合征基因
乳腺癌是女性常見的惡性腫瘤,病死率較高[1]。細(xì)胞增殖與凋亡的失衡在乳腺癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展中起重要作用[2]。布盧姆綜合征(BLM)基因是Recq DNA解螺旋酶家族成員之一,其缺乏或突變可導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞發(fā)生癌變或凋亡[3]。漢防己甲素(TET)是一種提取自防己科植物粉防己根部的中藥成分[4],屬于雙芐基異喹啉類生物堿,具有止痛、抗高血壓、抗風(fēng)濕、抗炎癥和抗腫瘤等效果;TET有多種衍生物,如P-36、P-39、P-40、P-41、P-42、P-44、P-47、P-49、P-51、P-53。本課題組前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn)P-42抗腫瘤活性較好,但其具體機(jī)制尚不明確。2015年5~12月,我們觀察了P-42對人乳腺癌細(xì)胞株MDA-MB-435增殖及凋亡的影響,并探討其可能的作用機(jī)制?,F(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。
1.1材料MDA-MB-435細(xì)胞來自貴州醫(yī)科大學(xué)組織工程與干細(xì)胞實(shí)驗(yàn)中心細(xì)胞庫,培養(yǎng)條件:高糖DMEM基礎(chǔ)培養(yǎng)基加入10%胎牛血清(FBS)、1%青-鏈霉素、0.2 mol/L谷氨酰胺和0.2 U/mL的胰島素。P-42由貴州省中科院天然藥物化學(xué)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室提供;高糖DMEM培養(yǎng)基、DMEM/F12(1∶1)培養(yǎng)基、0.25%胰蛋白酶、青-鏈霉素(Hyclone);FBS(杭州四季青)、Annexin Ⅴ-FITC/PI雙染凋亡檢測試劑盒(上海貝博);RIPA強(qiáng)裂解液、BCA蛋白濃度測定試劑盒(江蘇碧云天),兔抗人BLM多克隆抗體和HRP偶聯(lián)山羊抗兔IgG(北京中杉金橋);美國BioTek公司ELx800通用酶標(biāo)儀、Beckman公司FC500MCL/MPL流式細(xì)胞分析儀。
1.2MDA-MB-435培養(yǎng)及傳代MDA-MB-435培養(yǎng)條件:高糖DMEM基礎(chǔ)培養(yǎng)基加入10%FBS、1%青-鏈霉素、0.2 mol/L谷氨酰胺和0.2 U/mL的胰島素。置于5%CO2、37 ℃恒溫細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱中單層傳代培養(yǎng)。
1.3MDA-MB-435增殖觀察采用MTT法。取對數(shù)生長期細(xì)胞, PBS洗滌1~2遍,0.25%胰酶消化,10% FBS的培養(yǎng)基終止消化,1 500 r/min離心3 min,8×103/孔接種于96孔板,分為4組,每組6個復(fù)孔,分別加入終濃度5、20、80 μmmol/L的P-42干預(yù)48 h,另設(shè)空白對照組(加入DMEM培養(yǎng)液)。取上清液,加入含MTT 50 μL的培養(yǎng)基,37 ℃孵育4 h,每孔加入150 μL的DMSO,采用全自動酶標(biāo)儀測定490 nm波長處各孔光密度(OD)值,重復(fù)3次,取平均值,計(jì)算各組細(xì)胞增殖抑制率。細(xì)胞增殖抑制率=(對照組OD值-觀察組OD值)/對照組OD值×100%。
1.4MDA-MB-435凋亡觀察采用流式細(xì)胞儀。取對數(shù)生長期細(xì)胞接種于96孔板,CO2培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)24 h,分為2組,每組6個復(fù)孔,分別加入終濃度為2、10 μmmol/L P-42干預(yù)16 h,同時設(shè)立對照組(加入DMEM培養(yǎng)液),加入 Annexin V-FITC和PI染色,采用流式細(xì)胞儀檢測各組細(xì)胞早期和晚期細(xì)胞凋亡情況,計(jì)算細(xì)胞凋亡率。
1.5BLM蛋白檢測 采用Western blot法。取對數(shù)生長期細(xì)胞,分別用終濃度為2、10 μmmol/L P-42和DMEM培養(yǎng)液(對照組)培養(yǎng)24 h,另設(shè)正常乳腺細(xì)胞MCF-10a為空白組。PBS洗滌2次,采用BCA試劑盒提取總蛋白, SDS-PAGE電泳,分離,采用半干轉(zhuǎn)膜法將蛋白轉(zhuǎn)印至PVDF膜,將PVDF膜放入含5%脫脂奶粉的TBST緩沖液中,室溫封閉2 h;加入一抗,4 ℃孵育過夜,充分洗膜,辣根過氧化物酶標(biāo)記二抗37 ℃孵育1 h,充分洗膜,ECL顯色。結(jié)果經(jīng)成像系統(tǒng)掃描條帶,以β-actin為內(nèi)參,以目的蛋白與內(nèi)參灰度比值來表示目的蛋白的相對表達(dá)量。
2.1P-42對MDA-MB-435增殖的影響 當(dāng)P-42 濃度分別在5、20、80 μmmol/L時,MDA-MB-435細(xì)胞增殖抑制率分別76.00%、84.77%和85.53%。P-42濃度為20、80 μmmol/L時細(xì)胞增殖抑制率均高于5 μmmol/L時,P均<0.05;20、80 μmmol/L時細(xì)胞增殖抑制率間差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.2P-42對MDA-MB-435細(xì)胞凋亡的影響觀察組P-42 濃度為2、10 μmmol/L時,細(xì)胞早期凋亡率分別為39.47%、87.95%,對照組為1.40%,組間比較,P均<0.05。觀察組P-42濃度為2、10 μmmol/L時,細(xì)胞晚期凋亡率分別為2.73%、3.82%,對照組為0.90%,組間比較,P均<0.05。
2.3P-42對MDA-MB-435中BLM蛋白表達(dá)的影響觀察組P-42 濃度為2、10 μmmol/L時, BLM蛋白相對表達(dá)量分別為31.57±7.80、33.82±8.61,對照組和空白組BLM蛋白相對表達(dá)量分別為12.73±1.14、19.12±1.58,組間比較,P均<0.05。
乳腺癌的病因和發(fā)病機(jī)制目前尚不明確。BLM作為一種解旋酶在維持基因組穩(wěn)定方面發(fā)揮至關(guān)重要的作用[3],主要參與DNA損傷修復(fù)、基因重組和染色體錯配等。BLM作為一種分子發(fā)動機(jī),可以將腺苷三磷酸水解產(chǎn)生的化學(xué)能量轉(zhuǎn)化為機(jī)械能,進(jìn)而促使其本身以“蠕動”和“滾動”兩種模式沿DNA分子運(yùn)動,解開雙鏈DNA[5];其具有3′~5′解旋解鏈活性,能夠解旋多種類型的雙鏈DNA,包括3′末端雙鏈DNA、G-四鏈體DNA、bubble型DNA、復(fù)制叉DNA、D型環(huán)狀DNA及Holiday結(jié)構(gòu)DNA[6]。BLM是細(xì)胞內(nèi)重要的DNA損傷修復(fù)酶,無論是基因復(fù)制過程中隨機(jī)發(fā)生的DNA錯配,或是機(jī)械性、物理性、生物性等因素引起的細(xì)胞內(nèi)DNA錯配及損傷[5],BLM均可通過代償性增多發(fā)揮修復(fù)錯配及損傷DNA的效應(yīng),以維持細(xì)胞內(nèi)正常代謝及功能。
TET作為中國傳統(tǒng)的中藥有效成分,可用于治療關(guān)節(jié)炎、心律不齊、炎癥反應(yīng)、矽肺病、腫瘤等多種疾病[7],其抗腫瘤機(jī)制主要通過介導(dǎo)凋亡[7]、阻斷Ca2+通道[8]、引起自噬并調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞內(nèi)活性氧分子[9]等途徑抑制和殺傷腫瘤細(xì)胞。Bai等[4]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),TET能通過誘導(dǎo)凋亡抑制結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞異種移植后的腫瘤生長。Li 等[8]研究表明,TET抗腫瘤效應(yīng)的一種機(jī)制是作為一種非選擇性的Ca2+通道阻斷劑和Ca2+調(diào)節(jié)蛋白拮抗劑發(fā)揮作用。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),高濃度的TET能誘導(dǎo)肝癌細(xì)胞凋亡,低濃度的TET能誘導(dǎo)肝癌細(xì)胞自噬,且TET聯(lián)合其他化療藥物能發(fā)揮更明顯的抗腫瘤效應(yīng)[10~12]。本研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),隨P-42濃度升高細(xì)胞增殖抑制率逐漸升高。據(jù)文獻(xiàn)[13,14]報(bào)道,順鉑抑制多種腫瘤細(xì)胞的半數(shù)抑制濃度(IC50)為10~30 μmmol/L。本實(shí)驗(yàn)前期研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)P-42對MDA-MB-435的 IC50為2 μmmol/L左右,抑制效果明顯優(yōu)于順鉑。當(dāng)P-42 濃度在 2、10 μmmol/L時,MDA-MB-435細(xì)胞早期凋亡率分別為39.47%、87.95%,對照組早期凋亡率為1.40%,組間比較,P均<0.05。P-42 濃度在 2、10 μmmol/L時,MDA-MB-435晚期期凋亡率分別為2.73%、3.82%,對照組晚期凋亡率為0.90%,組間比較,P均<0.05。由于衍生物P-42的強(qiáng)抑制活性,在2、10、20 μmmol的P-42作用下,細(xì)胞均無完整的形態(tài),且大部分細(xì)胞已被裂解殺死或呈皺縮形態(tài)異;藥物作用24 h,細(xì)胞在不同藥物濃度間活性表現(xiàn)出明顯差異,隨著藥物濃度的增加,細(xì)胞死亡數(shù)呈增多趨勢,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。本研究結(jié)果顯示,觀察組BLM蛋白的相對表達(dá)量高于對照組、空白組。推測可能是由于P-42可穿過細(xì)胞膜進(jìn)入細(xì)胞內(nèi)部引起DNA損傷[15,16],同時細(xì)胞內(nèi)部啟動DNA修復(fù)程序,代償性合成更多DNA修復(fù)酶BLM來修復(fù)損傷的DNA,以維持基因組穩(wěn)定和正常核酸代謝[17~19]。
綜上所述,TET衍生物P-42可抑制MDA-MB-435的增殖,誘導(dǎo)其凋亡,其機(jī)制可能與促進(jìn)BLM表達(dá)有關(guān),但其具體作用機(jī)制尚有待于進(jìn)一步研究。
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Effects of tetrandrine derivatrve P-42 on proliferation and apoptosis of human breast cancer cells and its mechanism
YANWentao,PANWeidong,LIUBocen,WUAolan,LIUJinhe,LIUJielin
(GuizhouMedicalUniversity,Guiyang550025,China)
ObjectiveTo observe the effects of tetrandrine (TET) derivative P-42 on the proliferation and apoptosis of human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-435 and to investigate its mechanism.MethodsMDA-MB-435 cells in the logarithmic phase were collected, and then the observation group was treated with different concentrations of P-42, and the control group was added with DMEM nutrient solution. After 24 hours, MTT assay was used to measure the proliferation inhibition rate of MDA-MB-435 cells and flow cytometry was applied to analyze the apoptosis rate. MDA-MB-435 cells in the logarithmic phase were collected, and then the observation group was treated with 2 and 10 μmmol/L P-42, and the control group was added with DMEM nutrient solution, meanwhile, the normal breast cells MCF-10a were taken as the blank group. Bloom syndrome (BLM) protein in each group was detected Western blotting. ResultsWhen the concentrations of P-42 were 5, 20 and 80 μmmol/L, the proliferation inhibition rates of MDA-MB-435 cells were 76.00%, 84.77% and 85.53%, respectively. The proliferation inhibition rates of MDA-MB-435 cells treated with 20 and 80 μmmol/L P-42 were higher than that treated with 5 μmmol/L P-42, allP<0.05. The proliferation inhibition rate of MDA-MB-435 cells treated with 80 μmmol/L P-42 were higher than that treated with 20 μmmol/L P-42, allP<0.05. When the concentrations of P-42 were 2 and 10 μmmol/L, the early apoptosis rates of MDA-MB-435 cells were 39.47% and 87.95%, and that in the control group was 1.4%, allP<0.05. When the concentrations of P-42 were 2 and 10 μmmol/L, the late-stage apoptosis rates of MDA-MB-435 cells were 2.73% and 3.82%, and that in the control group was 0.90%, allP<0.05.When the concentrations of P-42 were 2 and 10 μmmol/L, the relative expression of BLM protein was 31.57±7.80 and 33.82±8.61, and that in the control group and blank group was 12.73±1.14 and 19.12±1.58, allP<0.05.ConclusionTetrandrine derivative P-42 can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of MDA-MB-435 cells, adn the underlying mechanism may be associated with the up-regulation of BLM expression.
tetrandrine; breast carcinoma; cell proliferation; apoptosis; Bloom syndrome gene
國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(81360349)。
晏文濤(1989-),男,碩士,主要研究方向?yàn)榭鼓[瘤藥物篩選及抑瘤機(jī)制研究。E-mail: 714419389@qq.com
簡介:劉杰麟(1963-),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向?yàn)樾》肿犹烊换钚晕镔|(zhì)抑制RecQ家族解旋酶等腫瘤相關(guān)基因。E-mail:779713773@qq.com
10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2016.18.001
R392-33
A
1002-266X(2016)18-0001-04
2016-01-01)