朱 江 辛麗梅 陳 萍 唐思詩 楊 元 梁睿熙
貴州省人口和計(jì)劃生育科學(xué)研究技術(shù)指導(dǎo)所(貴陽,550004)
·臨床研究·
局麻單孔腹腔鏡雙極電凝與經(jīng)腹近端抽芯包埋兩種輸卵管絕育術(shù)對(duì)生殖激素近期影響的對(duì)比觀察
朱 江 辛麗梅*陳 萍 唐思詩 楊 元 梁睿熙
貴州省人口和計(jì)劃生育科學(xué)研究技術(shù)指導(dǎo)所(貴陽,550004)
目的:比較觀察局麻單孔腹腔鏡雙極電凝輸卵管絕育術(shù)與經(jīng)腹近端抽芯包埋輸卵管絕育術(shù)對(duì)卵巢功能的影響。方法:在貴州省內(nèi)14個(gè)縣隨機(jī)抽取2014年10月~2015年10月行上述兩種輸卵管絕育術(shù)婦女各100例,測定卵巢基礎(chǔ)激素(FSH、LH和E2)。結(jié)果:共133例研究對(duì)象進(jìn)入觀察,其中腹腔鏡輸卵管絕育術(shù)組82名,年齡28.84±4.02歲;開腹輸卵管絕育術(shù)組51名,年齡27.61±4.20歲。兩組術(shù)后1個(gè)月的卵巢基礎(chǔ)性激素平均水平無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)改變;術(shù)后1個(gè)月基礎(chǔ)FSH≥10 U/L、基礎(chǔ)FSH/LH升高>2的比例開腹組明顯高于腹腔鏡組。結(jié)論:腹腔鏡輸卵管絕育術(shù)近期對(duì)卵巢功能的影響小于開腹輸卵管絕育術(shù)。
局麻單孔腹腔鏡雙極電凝輸卵管絕育術(shù);經(jīng)腹近端抽芯包埋輸卵管絕育術(shù);生殖激素;近期影響
輸卵管絕育術(shù)是世界范圍內(nèi)廣泛采用的長效避孕方法之一,貴州省常規(guī)應(yīng)用的是腹部小切口近端抽芯包埋輸卵管絕育術(shù)。自2009年開展局麻單孔腹腔鏡雙極電凝輸卵管絕育術(shù)規(guī)范培訓(xùn),現(xiàn)該手術(shù)已作為常規(guī)手術(shù)開展并成為優(yōu)選的絕育方法得到群眾的歡迎。多年來,絕育術(shù)后卵巢功能是否受影響是人們關(guān)注的問題,推測其發(fā)生的原因有可能與絕育手術(shù)導(dǎo)致輸卵管結(jié)構(gòu)破壞、卵巢血供的影響、損害濾泡生長和黃體功能等有關(guān)。絕育方法的不同,對(duì)卵巢功能的影響不同,各家報(bào)道不一[1-6]。本研究選取卵巢基礎(chǔ)激素作為評(píng)價(jià)卵巢功能指標(biāo),對(duì)比局麻單孔腹腔鏡雙極電凝輸卵管絕育術(shù)(以下簡稱腹腔鏡絕育術(shù))、經(jīng)腹近端抽芯包埋輸卵管絕育術(shù)(以下簡稱開腹絕育術(shù))手術(shù)前后指標(biāo)的變化,評(píng)價(jià)兩種輸卵管絕育術(shù)對(duì)卵巢功能近期的影響程度。
1.1 一般資料
2014年10月~2015年10月隨機(jī)選取貴州省14個(gè)縣(市、區(qū))作為課題現(xiàn)場行腹腔鏡絕育術(shù)和開腹絕育術(shù)。本研究的對(duì)象須符合以下條件:年齡20~35歲,順產(chǎn)生育1~3孩,無卵巢疾病及附件手術(shù)史,近3個(gè)月內(nèi)未使用避孕藥等激素類藥物,術(shù)前檢查排除心、肝、腎及內(nèi)分泌疾病。結(jié)合知情選擇,各按手術(shù)時(shí)間順序?qū)煞N手術(shù)研究對(duì)象分為腹腔鏡絕育術(shù)組和開腹絕育術(shù)組各80例。
1.2 方法
術(shù)前1月、術(shù)后1月及第12個(gè)月抽取兩組研究對(duì)象靜脈血,測定3個(gè)時(shí)期的卵巢基礎(chǔ)激素。因術(shù)后第12個(gè)月部分對(duì)象未到期,故本研究僅對(duì)術(shù)前及術(shù)后1個(gè)月的卵巢基礎(chǔ)激素進(jìn)行比較。于月經(jīng)第2~3天抽取研究對(duì)象靜脈血3ml。生殖激素包括卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黃體生成激素(LH)和雌二醇(E2),均采用德國DiaSorin公司LIAISON全自動(dòng)化學(xué)發(fā)光分析儀及尼爾森原裝進(jìn)口配套試劑盒檢測,次檢測均在室內(nèi)質(zhì)控下完成(室內(nèi)質(zhì)控品由伯樂公司提供)。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
所有實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)均輸入計(jì)算機(jī)。采用SPSS20.0軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行秩和檢驗(yàn)、卡方檢驗(yàn),檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)α=0.005。
2.1 一般情況
共完成133例研究對(duì)象術(shù)前及術(shù)后1個(gè)月的血清性激素測定, 其中腹腔鏡組82例,年齡28.8±4.0(20~37)歲; 開腹組51例,年齡27.6±4.2(21~37)歲。兩組對(duì)象年齡均呈正態(tài)分布無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(t=1.691,P=0.093);兩組各有1例初潮年齡>15歲,余下均為11~15歲初潮;月經(jīng)規(guī)律,周期21~35d,經(jīng)期除開腹組1例2d、1例>8d外,其余均為2~8d;腹腔鏡組6.1%有痛經(jīng),開腹組5.9%有痛經(jīng);平均孕次腹腔鏡組3.0(1~6)次、開腹組2.5次(2~6次);平均產(chǎn)次腹腔鏡組2.3次; 開腹組2.2次。兩組各2例剖宮產(chǎn),余末次分娩為平產(chǎn)。
2.2 激素測定
兩組手術(shù)前后FSH、LH和E2血清水平檢測結(jié)果見表1。經(jīng)正態(tài)性檢驗(yàn),兩組對(duì)象術(shù)前、術(shù)后的性激素水平均呈偏態(tài)分布。采取秩和檢驗(yàn),除腹腔鏡組術(shù)后FSH/LH低于開得組外,其他激素水平兩組間比較無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。
表1 手術(shù)前后兩組卵巢功能評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)測定結(jié)果比較
2.3 激素水平變化與絕育術(shù)的關(guān)系
采用配對(duì)秩和檢驗(yàn)對(duì)輸卵管絕育術(shù)術(shù)前、術(shù)后性激素水平作比較,術(shù)前、術(shù)后各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)比較,F(xiàn)SH(U=-1.500,P=0.134)、LH(U=-0.807,P=0.419)、E2(U=-1.677,P=0.093)、FSH/LH(U=-1.946,P=0.052),均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。
2.4 兩種絕育術(shù)卵巢功能評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)異常率比較
根據(jù)文獻(xiàn)[7]基礎(chǔ)FSH≥10 U/L、FSH/LH升高>2提示卵巢功能下降的定義,為排除基礎(chǔ)性激素在不同月經(jīng)同期中多變性和低敏感性對(duì)卵巢功能評(píng)價(jià)的影響,更靈敏、更特異反映不同術(shù)式的輸卵管絕育術(shù)對(duì)卵巢功能影響程度,本研究將研究對(duì)象手術(shù)前后兩個(gè)指標(biāo)按照此標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分組并進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果顯示,兩組術(shù)前FSH異常的比例無差異,術(shù)后開腹組FSH≥10 U/L、FSH/LH升高>2的比例高于腹腔鏡組,使用Binary logistic排除年齡的混雜作用后仍然高于腹腔鏡組。結(jié)果見表2。
表2 不同時(shí)期兩組激素測定值異常比例比較[例(%)]
自1970年開展開腹輸卵管切除術(shù)以來,隨著新技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,人們不斷探索研究方便、安全、副作用小和有效的輸卵管絕育術(shù),同時(shí)關(guān)注輸卵管絕育術(shù)并發(fā)癥、副作用。對(duì)于輸卵管手術(shù)是否影響卵巢功能結(jié)論不一。一些研究認(rèn)為,輸卵管絕育術(shù)會(huì)破壞輸卵管結(jié)構(gòu)并影響卵巢功能。輸卵管絕育術(shù)對(duì)卵巢功能損傷的程度與術(shù)式及卵巢血管或神經(jīng)的破壞程度有關(guān)[8-9]。電凝法由于熱輻射有可能損傷輸卵管系膜內(nèi)血管,破壞子宮、卵巢、輸卵管間血管網(wǎng)的完整性,可引起卵泡退化,激素產(chǎn)生減少或失調(diào)、激素傳遞障礙[10-11]。但國內(nèi)外研究發(fā)現(xiàn),輸卵管結(jié)扎術(shù)前后的基礎(chǔ)FSH水平相當(dāng),提示輸卵管結(jié)扎術(shù)不降低卵巢反應(yīng)性[12-13]。
本研究選擇同年齡、本地區(qū)行兩種絕育術(shù)的育齡婦女作為研究對(duì)象,并設(shè)絕育術(shù)前后自身對(duì)照,檢測多項(xiàng)與卵巢儲(chǔ)備相關(guān)的性激素,以客觀、敏感反映絕育術(shù)對(duì)卵巢功能的影響。結(jié)果顯示,腹腔鏡組和開腹組術(shù)后1個(gè)月,雖卵巢基礎(chǔ)性激素水平無顯著改變,但開腹組基礎(chǔ)FSH≥10 U/L、基礎(chǔ)FSH/LH升高>2的比例均高于腹腔鏡組,與孟曉華等報(bào)道的輸卵管切除術(shù)后基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)分泌無明顯改變、卵巢儲(chǔ)備能力受影響的結(jié)論一致[14-15]。卵巢的血液供應(yīng)主要來自于由子宮動(dòng)脈自宮角分出的卵巢支與卵巢動(dòng)脈在輸卵管-卵巢系膜內(nèi)吻合形成的動(dòng)脈弓,如在輸卵管絕育手術(shù)時(shí)損傷該動(dòng)脈弓,會(huì)導(dǎo)致同側(cè)卵巢的血供減少, 影響卵泡發(fā)育。而腹腔鏡輸卵管絕育術(shù)對(duì)血管及周圍組織破壞較少,雙極電凝的特點(diǎn)是電流僅對(duì)鉗夾的組織產(chǎn)生破壞作用,對(duì)鄰近組織損傷小,其作用局限、安全。就目前近期觀察結(jié)果表明,腹腔鏡輸卵管絕育術(shù)術(shù)后1個(gè)月對(duì)卵巢功能的影響顯著小于開腹輸卵管絕育術(shù),兩種術(shù)式對(duì)卵巢功能的遠(yuǎn)期影響還有待于進(jìn)一步觀察。
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[責(zé)任編輯:董 琳]
A comparative study of the impact on the reproductive hormones in the near future after operation of tubal sterilization by single port laparoscopic bipolar coagulation or by core pulling proximal embedding method
ZHU Jiang, XIN Limei*, CHEN Ping, TANG Sisi, YANG Yuan, LIANG Ruixi
GuizhouProvincialResearchInstituteforFamilyPlanning,Guizhou, 550004
*Correspondingauthor:583346933@qq.com
Objective: To compare the impact on ovarian function after surgery of tubal sterilization by single port laparoscopic bipolar coagulation (SPLBC) or by core pulling proximal embedding (CPPE). Method: From October 2014 to October 2015, 100 patients with tubal sterilization by SPLBC and 100 patients with tubal sterilization by CPPE were randomly selected from 14 counties of Guizhou province. Basal hormone of ovary(FSH、LH and E2)of the patients were detected. Result: The data of 133 patients were analyzed, which included 82 patients (average age 28.84±4.02 years old) with tubal sterilization by SPLBC and 51 patients (average age 27.61±4.20 years old) with tubal sterilization by CPPE. 1 month after operation, the ovarian hormone levels of patients in the two groups had no significant change. The ovarian function hadn't been significantly affected by tubal sterilization. But in CPPE group, the proportion of patients whose FSH were more than 10mlU/ml and the proportion of FSH/LH increased more than 2 were significantly higher than those of patients in SPLBC group. Conclusion: The impact on ovarian function of tubal sterilization by SPLBC is significantly less than that of tubal sterilization by CPPE in the near future after operation.
Tubal sterilization by single port laparoscopic bipolar coagulation; Tubal sterilization by core pulling proximal embedding method; Reproductive hormones; Impact in the near future after operation
貴州省科技計(jì)劃(黔科合SY字[2014]3027號(hào))
2015-10-23
2016-05-19
10.3969/j.issn.1004-8189. 2016.07
*通訊作者:583346933@qq.com