萬瑩瑩 王長福 王秋紅 肖陽 王知斌 匡海學(xué)
[摘要]該實(shí)驗(yàn)基于前期黑水纈草抗老年癡呆(AD)的作用,對其有效部位進(jìn)行化學(xué)成分研究,采用75%乙醇加熱回流的方法對黑水纈草藥材進(jìn)行提取,提取物經(jīng)萃取和大孔吸附樹脂柱色譜分離得到其抗AD的有效部位,采用硅膠、ODS柱色譜以及制備型HPLC等色譜法分離該有效部位并得到9個(gè)化合物(1~9),結(jié)合質(zhì)譜及核磁等波譜技術(shù),分別鑒定為6hydroxy7(hydroxymethyl)4methylenehexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran1(3H)one(1),suspensolide F(2),馬錢子苷(3),α莫諾苷(4),β莫諾苷(5),patrinovalerosidate(6),野花椒苷A(7),(-)angelicoidenol2OβDglucopyranoside(8)和citroside A(9),其中化合物6~9為首次從纈草屬植物中分離得到,進(jìn)一步對化合物1~9進(jìn)行體外抗AD活性研究發(fā)現(xiàn)化合物2和6對PC12神經(jīng)元細(xì)胞損傷具有顯著的保護(hù)作用。
[關(guān)鍵詞]黑水纈草;老年癡呆;活性成分;結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定
[Abstract]In this study, the chemical constituentsfrom Valeriana amurensis ADeffective fraction were investigated based on the effect of Valeriana amurensis on Alzheimer′s disease(AD) in previous study Valeriana amurensis was extracted with 75% ethanol and the obtained extract were extracted and subjected to AB8 macroporous resin column to obtain the ADeffective fraction of Valeriana amurensis 9 compounds (19)were isolated with silica gel, ODS column chromatography and preparative HPLC The structures of these compounds were determined as 6hydroxy7(hydroxymethyl)4methylenehexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran1(3H)one (1), suspensolide F (2), loganin(3), αmorroniside(4), βmorronisid (5), partinovalerosidate (6), zansiumloside A (7), (-)angelicoidenol2OβDglucopyranoside (8), citroside A (9). Compounds 69 were isolated from the valerian genus for the first time and further investigated the antiAD effect of compounds 19 in vitro found that compound 2 and 6 protected the PC12 cells from injury significantly
[Key words]Valeriana amurensis; Alzheimer′s disease; active constituents; structure identification
doi:10.4268/cjcmm20160914
黑水纈草Valeriana amurensis Smir ex Kom為敗醬科纈草屬植物,在我國東北部以及俄羅斯遠(yuǎn)東地區(qū)分布較廣;其根及根狀莖入藥[1],味辛、甘,性溫,具有安神,理氣,止痛的功效,傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)臨床用于失眠,癔病,癲癇等神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病的治療。前期的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),黑水纈草主要含有揮發(fā)油、木脂素、倍半萜及環(huán)烯醚萜等類型的成分,并具有鎮(zhèn)靜安神、抗菌抗病毒以及抗腫瘤等藥理活性[25]。而本課題組前期研究首次發(fā)現(xiàn)黑水纈草具有抗老年癡呆(AD)的作用,并確定其有效部位為黑水纈草75%乙醇提取物的大孔吸附樹脂柱色譜的50%乙醇洗脫組分,該有效部位能夠抑制AD小鼠模型神經(jīng)元損傷[6],本實(shí)驗(yàn)在此基礎(chǔ)上對其活性成分進(jìn)行研究,為其藥效物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)的揭示提供了理論依據(jù)。
1材料
反相ODS柱色譜(ODSAM) 采用日本YMC公司產(chǎn)品;大孔吸附樹脂(AB8)購于南開大學(xué)化工廠;制備型色譜柱(HypersilODSII)購買于大連依利特公司。
超導(dǎo)核磁共振光譜儀(Bruker400型 )(TMS為內(nèi)標(biāo));HRESIMS(Xero QTOF)、HPLC(26952996型)及UPLC(ACQUITY型)均為Waters公司;GCMS(7890A5975C型)為Angilent公司。
2方法
21提取與分離將45 kg干燥的黑水纈草藥材,以75%乙醇(20∶1)加熱回流提?。? h×3次)得到的提取物(8 21196 g)以水混懸,采用石油醚萃取,將剩余水層萃取物(6 14460 g)經(jīng)AB8型大孔吸附樹脂柱色譜,H2O,50%乙醇和95%乙醇依次洗脫,獲得的50%乙醇洗脫組分(1 39190 g)即為黑水纈草抗AD有效部位;取該有效部位(800 g)經(jīng)二氯甲烷甲醇(15∶1,8∶1,4∶1,2∶1)梯度洗脫,共得7個(gè)組分(Fr1~Fr7),F(xiàn)r2(784 g)經(jīng)正相硅膠柱色譜二氯甲烷甲醇(40∶1)反復(fù)洗脫得到化合物1(54 mg),F(xiàn)r4(1482 g)經(jīng)反相ODS柱色譜甲醇水(25∶75)洗脫,并經(jīng)制備型反相HPLC乙腈水(15%)洗脫分離得到化合物4(23 mg),5(26 mg),8(25 mg),9(35 mg),F(xiàn)r6(1844 g)經(jīng)反相ODS柱色譜甲醇水(15∶85)洗脫,并經(jīng)制備型反相HPLC乙腈水(9:91)洗脫分離得到化合物2(33 mg),3(28 mg),6(41 mg)和7(53 mg)。
22抗AD活性化合物篩選采用MTT法對化合物1~9的抗AD活性進(jìn)行篩選[7],采用酶標(biāo)儀檢測各濃度化合物(5,12,25 μmol·L-1)對Aβ142所致PC12細(xì)胞損傷的保護(hù)作用,組細(xì)胞活力=A各組細(xì)胞/A空白對照組細(xì)胞×100%。
3結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定
化合物1無色針狀結(jié)晶,HRESIMS m/z 199098 9 [M+H]+;1HNMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ:429(1H,br s,H3),156(1H,m,H5), 205(1H,dd,J=132, 74 Hz,H5),462(2H,m,H6),231(1H,m,H7),291(1H,t,J=100 Hz,H8),337(1H,m,H9),377(1H,dd,J=48,108 Hz,H10), 370(1H,t,J=81 Hz,H10),496(1H,s,H11), 509(1H,s,H11);13CNMR(CD3OD,100 MHz)δ:1775(C1),737(C3),1443(C4),415(C5),726(C6),522(C7),451(C8),411(C9),621(C10),1139(C11)。將上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[8]比較,鑒定化合物1為6hydroxy7(hydroxymethyl)4methylenehexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran1(3H)one。
化合物2白色無定形粉末,ESIMS m/z 501 [M+Na]+;1HNMR (CD3OD,400 MHz)δ:609(1H,d,J=48 Hz,H1),632(1H,s,H3),298(1H,dd,J=84,167 Hz,H5),194(2H,dd,J=40,78 Hz,H6),431(1H,m,H7),215(1H,ddd,J=48,84,128 Hz,H8),228(1H,m,H9),373(1H,m,H10), 352(1H,m,H10),442 (1H,d,J=126 Hz,H11), 405(1H,d,J=126 Hz,H11),217(2H,m,H13),204(1H,m,H14),091(3H,d,J=68 Hz,H15),091(3H,d,J=68 Hz,H16),424(1H,d,J=80 Hz,Glc H1′),315(1H,m,Glc H2′),330(1H, m,Glc H3′),323(1H,m,Glc H4′),330(1H,m,Glc H5′),362(1H,dd,J=56 Hz,120 Hz,Glc H6′),381(1H,dd,J=20 Hz,120 Hz,GlcH6′);13CNMR(CD3OD,100 MHz)δ:920(C1),1403(C3),1167(C4),331(C5),384(C6),796(C7),841(C8),449(C9),665(C10),699(C11),1733(C12),444(C13),269(C14),228(C15),228(C16),1036(Glc C1′),753(Glc C2′),782(Glc C3′),718(Glc C4′),780(Glc C5′),629(Glc C6′)。將上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[9]對照,鑒定化合物2為suspensolide F。
化合物3白色無定形粉末,ESIMS m/z 391 [M+H]+;1HNMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ:517(1H,d,J=44 Hz,H1),729(1H,s,H3),301(1H,dd,J=84,160 Hz,H5),213(1H,m,H6), 151(1H,m,H6),311(1H,m,H7),177(2H,m,H8),193(1H,m,H9),086(3H,d,J=68 Hz,H10),359(3H,s,H12),456(1H,d,J=80 Hz,Glc H1′),320~400(4H,m,Glc H4′),376(1H,dd,J=20,120 Hz,Glc H6′), 353(1H,dd,J=56,120 Hz,Glc H6′);13CNMR(CD3OD,100 MHz)δ:978(C1),1522(C3),1141(C4),322(C5),428(C6),751(C7),422(C8),466(C9),154(C10),1696(C11),518(C12),1002(Glc C1′),755(Glc C2′),782(Glc C3′),717(Glc C4′),781(Glc C5′),619(Glc C6′)。將上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[10]對照,鑒定化合物3為馬錢子苷。
化合物4白色無定形粉末,ESIMS m/z 429 [M+Na]+;1HNMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ:579(1H,d,J=93 Hz,H1),748(1H,s,H3),278(1H,dt,J=127 Hz,45 Hz,H5),199(1H,m,H6)、115(1H,m,H6),478(1H,d,J=32 Hz,H7),392(1H,m,H8),173(1H,m,H9),135(3H,d,J=70 Hz,H10),367(3H,s,H12),478(1H,d,J=80 Hz,Glc H1′),320~400(6H,m,Glc H4′);13CNMR(CD3OD,100 MHz)δ:972(C1),1546(C3),1110(C4),321(C5),374(C6),960(C7),742(C8),400(C9),200(C10),1688(C11),520(C12),1002(Glc C1′),751(Glc C2′),785(Glc C3′),717(Glc C4′),781(Glc C5′),629(Glc C6′)。綜上,將上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[11]對照,鑒定化合物4為α莫諾苷(αmorroniside)。
萬瑩瑩等:黑水纈草抗老年癡呆活性成分研究化合物5白色無定形粉末,ESIMS m/z 429 [M+Na]+;1HNMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ:583(1H,d,J=92 Hz,H1),747(1H,s,H3),309(1H,dt,J=128 Hz,46 Hz,H5),186(1H,dt,J=45 Hz,138 Hz,H6), 147(1H,dt,J=37 Hz,134 Hz,H6),520(1H,d,J=32 Hz,H7),451(1H, m,H8),178(1H,m,H9),128(3H,d,J=70 Hz,H10),366(3H,s,H12),478(1H,d,J=80 Hz,Glc H1′),320~400(6H,m,Glc H4′);13CNMR(CD3OD,100 MHz)δ:958(C1),1546(C3),1118(C4),276(C5),347(C6),925(C7),660(C8),406(C9),199(C10),1689(C11),519(C12),1002(Glc C1′),751(Glc C2′),785(Glc C3′),717(Glc C4′),781(Glc C5′),629(Glc C6′)。將上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[11]對照,鑒定化合物5為β莫諾苷(βmorroniside)。
化合物6白色無定形粉末,ESIMS m/z 4492 [M+H]+;1HNMR (CD3OD,400MHz)δ:409(1H,dd,J=73,111 Hz,H1),421(1H,dd,J=64,111 Hz,H1),535(1H,br s,H3),517(1H,br s,H3),322(1H,m,H5),223(1H,m,H6),180(1H,m,H6),383(1H,br d,J=45 Hz,H7),238(1H,m,H9),138(3H,s,H10),434(1H,d,J=121 Hz,H11),417(1H,d,J=121 Hz,H11),219(2H,d,J=74 Hz,H13),208(1H,m,H14),097(3H,d,J=66 Hz,H15),097(3H,d,J=66 Hz,H16),431(1H,d,J=81 Hz,Glc H1′),324(1H,m,Glc H2′),337(1H,m,Glc H3′),332(1H,m,Glc H4′),326(1H,m,Glc H5′),371(1H,dd,J=56,120 Hz,Glc H6′),390(1H,dd,J=20 Hz,120 Hz,Glc H6′);13CNMR(CD3OD,100 MHz)δ:642(C1),1154(C3),1472(C4),416(C5),391(C6),813(C7),828(C8),482(C9),232(C10),737(C11),1752(C12),446(C13),269(C14),229(C15),229(C16),1031(Glc C1′),753(Glc C2′),783(Glc C3′),718(Glc C4′),781(Glc C5′),630(Glc C6′)。將上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[12]對照,鑒定該化合物6為patrinovalerosidate。
化合物7白色無定形粉末,HRESIMS m/z 463217 2 [M-H]-;1HNMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ:385(1H,br d,J=83 Hz,H2),245(1H,m,H3),157(1H,m,H3),157(1H,m,H4),197(1H,m,H5),164(1H,m,H5),197(1H,m,H6),162(1H,m,H6),111(3H,s,H7),128(3H,s,H9),119(3H,s,H10),431(1H,d,J=77 Hz,Glc H1′),313(1H,t,J=84 Hz,Glc H2′),336(1H,m,Glc H3′),326(1H,t,J=93 Hz,Glc H4′),338(1H,m,Glc H5′),397(1H,br d,J=90 Hz,Glc H6′),361(1H,t,J=62,51 Hz,Glc H6′),502(1H,d,J=18 Hz,Api H1″),389(1H,d,J=18 Hz,Api H2″),394(1H,d,J=95 Hz,Api H4″),375(1H,d,J=95 Hz,Api H4″),358(2H,s,Api H5″);13CNMR (CD3OD,100 MHz)δ:737(C1),768(C2),326(C3),354(C4),229(C5),270(C6),250(C7),753(C8),290(C9),294(C10),1019(Glc C1′),751(Glc C2′),783(Glc C3′),720(Glc C4′),771(Glc C5′),688(Glc C6′),1110(Api C1″),781(Api C2″),807(Api C3″),752(Api C4″),659(Api C5″)。將上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[13]比較,鑒定化合物7為野花椒苷A。
化合物8白色無定形粉末,HRESIMS m/z 331175 1 [M-H]-;1HNMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ:385(1H,br d,J=111 Hz,H2),249(1H,dd,J=89,129 Hz,H3),170(1H,d,J=44 Hz,H3),218(1H,m,H4),404(1H,br d,J=99 Hz,H5),132(1H,br d,J=136 Hz,H6)、102(1H,br d,J=138 Hz,H6),085(3H,s,H7),108(3H,s,H9),092(3H,s,H10),422(1H,d,J=78 Hz,Glc H1′),315(1H,t,J=84 Hz,Glc H2′),333(1H,m,Glc H3′),322(1H,t,J=93 Hz,Glc H4′),328(1H,m,Glc H5′),385(1H,br d,J=111 Hz,Glc H6′),367(1H,dd,J=117 Hz,52 Hz,Glc H6′);13CNMR(CD3OD,100 MHz)δ:512(C1),832(C2),344(C3),538(C4),761(C5),399(C6),215(C7),489(C8),205(C9),135(C10),1031(Glc C1′),753(Glc C2′),784(Glc C3′),719(Glc C4′),780(Glc C5′),630(Glc C6′)。將上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[14]比較,鑒定該化合物為(-)angelicoidenol2OβDglucopyranoside。
化合物9白色無定形粉末,HRESIMS m/z 409183 3 [M+Na]+;1HNMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ:134 (1H,brd,J=117 Hz,H2),193(1H,br d,J=117 Hz,H2),433(1H,m,H3), 249(1H,dd,J=18 Hz,135 Hz,H4),138(1H,dd,J=18,135 Hz,H4),590(1H,s,H8),220(3H,s,H10),148(3H,s,H11),138(3H,s,H12),116(3H,s,H13),453(1H,d,J=77 Hz,Glc H1′),315(1H,t,J=83 Hz,Glc H2′),335(1H,t,J=86 Hz,Glc H3′),326(1H,t,J=96 Hz,Glc H4′),322(1H,m,Glc H5′),382(1H,dd,J=21,117 Hz,Glc H6′), 363(1H,dd,J=52,117 Hz,Glc H6′);13CNMR(CD3OD,100 MHz)δ:372(C1),500(C2),640(C3),482(C4),789(C5),1193(C6),2131(C7),1015(C8),2008(C9),268(C10),267(C11),302(C12),326(C13),988(Glc C1′),754(Glc C2′),788(Glc C3′),719(Glc C4′),779(Glc C5′),631(Glc C6′)。將上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[15]比較,鑒定該化合物為citroside A。
4化合物抗AD活性
體外實(shí)驗(yàn)研究表明,5,12,25 μmol·L-1的化合物2和6的細(xì)胞活力與模型組比較差異顯著(P<005或P<001),因此,化合物2和6對Aβ142所致的PC12神經(jīng)元細(xì)胞損傷具有顯著地保護(hù)作用,見表1。
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