張艷 彭玉勃 陳效忠 宋麗艷
[摘要]以蒸餾水為溶劑回流提取水飛薊種子,提取物依次過(guò)D101大孔樹(shù)脂、MCI樹(shù)脂、MPLC色譜、HPLC色譜等色譜分離純化得到7個(gè)化合物。經(jīng)NMR解析確定化合物1~7分別為tricin 4′O[threoβguaiacyl(7″Omethyl)glyceryl] ether(1), tricin 4′O[erythroβguaiacyl(7″Omethyl)glyceryl] ether(2), 5′methoxyhydnocarpinD(3), palstatin(4),(8R,7′S,8′R)5,5′dimethoxy7oxolariciresinol 9′ODxylopyranoside(5), 9ODglucopyranoside(6),(-)haplomyrtoside(7)?;衔?,3~5具有較強(qiáng)的抗流感病毒(H5N1)活性, IC50分別為065, 021, 032和056 μmol·L-1,SI(SI=TC50/IC50)分別為125, 35, 106, 78。化合物1,2,6,7具有較好的抗人肝癌細(xì)胞(HepG2)活性,IC50分別為035, 025, 053, 066 μmol·L-1?;衔?~7為從該植物中首次分離得到。
[關(guān)鍵詞]水飛薊;木脂素; 抗流感病毒活性; 細(xì)胞毒活性
[Abstract]The seeds of Silybum marianum were extracted by hot water, and the extract was isolated by D101 macroporous resin, MCI resin, MPLC, HPLC, et al As a result, 7 compounds including tricin 4′O[threoβguaiacyl(7″Omethyl)glyceryl] ether(1), tricin 4′O[erythroβguaiacyl(7″Omethyl)glyceryl] ether(2), 5′methoxyhydnocarpinD(3),palstatin(4),(8R,7′S,8′R)5,5′dimethoxy7oxolariciresinol 9′ODxylopyranoside(5), 9ODglucopyranoside(6), and(-)haplomyrtoside(7) were isolated and identified for the first time Compounds 1, 3, 4, and 5 exhibited activity against influenza A(H5N1)with IC50 value of 065, 021, 032, and 056 μmol·L-1, respectively Compounds 1, 2, 6, and 7 exhibited cytotoxity against HepG2 with IC50 value of 035, 025, 053, 066 μmol·L-1, respectively
[Key words]Silybum marianum; lignan; antiinfluenza virus activity; cytotoxity
doi:10.4268/cjcmm20160915
水飛薊Silybum marianum (L)Gaertn是菊科水飛薊屬植物,性涼、味苦、歸肝、膽經(jīng)。具有清熱解毒,舒肝利膽之功效。用于治療肝膽濕熱、脅痛、黃疽等證。水飛薊特有成分為黃酮型木脂素類化合物,統(tǒng)稱為水飛薊素(silymarin),主要包括水飛薊賓(silybin)、異水飛薊賓(isosilybin)、水飛薊寧(silydianin)、水飛薊亭(silychristin)、脫氫水飛薊賓(dehydrosisilybin)、聚水飛薊賓(silybinomer)等[1]。除以上成分外,日本學(xué)者竹本常松等還獲得2種新的黃酮型木脂素:2,3脫氫水飛薊賓(2,3dehydrosilmarin)和2,3脫氫水飛薊亭(2,3dehydrosilychristin)。本課題組前期研究中分離得到了水飛薊中5個(gè)黃酮類化合物[2],然而沒(méi)有得到黃酮型木脂素類化合物。為了繼續(xù)尋找具有生物活性的黃酮型木脂素類化合物,課題組繼續(xù)對(duì)水飛薊進(jìn)行成分與活性的研究。
1材料
核磁共振譜:INOVA500核磁共振儀, 溶劑峰為內(nèi)標(biāo); 分析型HPLC:Agilent 1100 Series 型高效液相色譜儀, DADUV 檢測(cè)器, YMC C18(46 mm×150 mm,5 μm)色譜柱, 以及Diamonsil C18(46 mm×250 mm,5 μm)色譜柱; 制備型HPLC:Shimadazu LC6AD, SPD6A, SPD10A 紫外檢測(cè)器, SPD紫外檢測(cè)器, YMCPack ODSA(20 mm×250 mm,10 μm)色譜柱; 制備型MPLC:Biotage 公司FLASH,ODS(50 mm×60 mm, 10 μm)色譜柱。
水飛薊藥材于2014年10月采集于黑龍江省佳木斯地區(qū),經(jīng)黑龍江中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)佳木斯學(xué)院陳效忠副教授鑒定為水飛薊S marianum種子。
2提取與分離
干燥的水飛薊種子10 kg,粉碎后用蒸餾水回流提取3次,每次1 h。提取液減壓濃縮成浸膏(10 kg)。將浸膏混懸于水中,過(guò)D101型大孔吸附樹(shù)脂柱色譜,乙醇水(0%,30%,50%,95%)洗脫,其中水洗脫部分得浸膏200 g,30%乙醇洗脫部分得浸膏300 g,50%乙醇洗脫部分得浸膏400 g,95%乙醇洗脫部分得浸膏90g。50%乙醇洗脫部分進(jìn)行MCI柱色譜分離,乙醇水(0%,30%,50%,95%)洗脫,其中水洗脫物50 g,30%乙醇洗脫部分得浸膏150 g,50%乙醇洗脫部分得浸膏150 g,95%乙醇洗脫部分得浸膏40 g 。30%乙醇洗脫部分進(jìn)行MPLC柱色譜分離,甲醇水(0%~95%)梯度洗脫,薄層色譜檢識(shí),合并相似洗脫流分,得到8個(gè)組分(A1~A8)。A3組分經(jīng)HPLC制備型色譜儀分離(色譜條件為甲醇水 2∶8,流速5 mL·min-1),得到化合物1(10 mg,tR=25 min),2(8 mg,tR=30 min),3(5 mg,tR=33 min);A5組分經(jīng)HPLC制備型色譜儀分離(色譜條件為甲醇水 1∶3,流速5 mL·min-1),得到化合物4(10 mg,tR=32 min),5(8 mg tR=33 min),6(5 mg,tR=35 min);A7組分經(jīng)HPLC制備型色譜儀分離(色譜條件為甲醇水3∶7,流速5 mL·min-1),得到化合物7(10 mg,tR=37 min)。
3結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定
化合物1白色粉末,鹽酸鎂粉呈陽(yáng)性反應(yīng)。1HNMR(CDCl3,500 MHz)δ:660(1H,s,H3),615(1H,s,H6),640(1H,s,H8),708(1H,s,H2′),708(1H,s,H6′),385(2H,s,H3′,5′),692(1H,br s,H2″),677(1H,br s,H5″),681(1H,m,H6″),447(1H,d,J=60,H7″),445(1H,m,H8″),392(1H,dd,J=120,44 Hz,H9″a),375(1H,dd,J=120,33 Hz,H9″b),385(3H,s,3″OCH3),386(3H,s,7″OCH3); 13CNMR(CDCl3,125 MHz)δ:1660(C2),1055(C3),1835(C4),1535(C5),1005(C6),1671(C7),953(C8),1595(C9),1057(C10),1278(C1′),1048(C2′),1547(C3′),1405(C4′),1545(C5′),1048(C6′),555(C3″和H5″OCH3 ),1313(C1″),1123(C2″),1489(C3″),1481(C4″),1157(C5″),1223(C6″),839(C7″),869(C8″),618(C9″),559(3″OCH3),558(7″OCH3)。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[3]報(bào)道的化合物一致,故鑒定該化合物為tricin 4′O[threoβguaiacyl(7″Omethyl)glyceryl] ether。
化合物2白色粉末,鹽酸鎂粉呈陽(yáng)性反應(yīng)。1HNMR(CDCl3,500 MHz)δ:661(1H,s,H3),616(1H,s,H6),642(1H,s,H8),709(1H,s,H2′),709(1H,s,H6′),385(2H,s,H3′,5′),695(1H,br s,H2″),678(1H,br s,H5″),682(1H,m,H6″),490(1H,d, J=45 Hz,H7″),446(1H,m,H8″),395(1H,dd, J=120,44 Hz,H9″a),376(1H,dd, J=120,33 Hz,H9″b),387(3H,s,3″OCH3),388(3H,s,7″OCH3); 13CNMR(CDCl3,125 MHz)δ:1663(C2),1056(C3),1837(C4),1539(C5),1006(C6),1671(C7),955(C8),1597(C9),1059(C10),1272(C1′),1049(C2′),1549(C3′),1407(C4′),1546(C5′),1049(C6′),556(C3″和H5″OCH3 ),1315(C1″),1125(C2″),1491(C3″),1482(C4″),1158(C5″),1206(C6″),748(C7″),869(C8″),619(C9″),556(3″OCH3),557(7″OCH3)。以上以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[3]報(bào)道的化合物一致,故鑒定該化合物為tricin 4′O[erythroβguaiacyl(7″Omethyl)glyceryl] ether。
化合物3白色粉末,鹽酸鎂粉呈陽(yáng)性反應(yīng)。1HNMR(CDCl3,500 MHz)δ:705(1H,d,J=20 Hz,H2″),685(1H,d,J=81 Hz,H5″),689(1H,dd,J=91,20 Hz,H6″),379(3H,s,C3″OMe),395(3H,s,C5″OMe),678(1H,s,H3),620(1H,d,J=21 Hz,H6),655(1H,d,J=23 Hz,H8),363(1H,m,H11a),339(1H,m,H11b),426(1H,m,H12),499(1H,d,J=91 Hz,H13),729(1H,d,J=21 Hz,H2′),735(1H,d,J=21 Hz,H6′); 13CNMR(CDCl3,125 MHz)δ:1643(C2),1039(C3),1818(C4),1234(C5),1258(C6),1629(C7),942(C8),1573(C9),1036(C10),618(C11),786(C12),759(C13),568(COMe),1227(C1′),1082(C2′),442(C3′),1366(C4′),1482(C5′),1029(C6′),1278(C1″),1175(C2″),479(C3″),1476(C4″),1154(C5″),1206(C6″)。以上以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn) [4]報(bào)道的化合物一致,故鑒定該化合物為5′methoxyhydnocarpin D。
化合物4白色粉末,鹽酸鎂粉呈陽(yáng)性反應(yīng)。1HNMR(CDCl3,500 MHz)δ:698(1H,s,H3),617(1H,d,J=25 Hz,H6),650(1H,d,J=25 Hz,H8),336(1H,dd,J=110 ,40 Hz,H11a),360(1H,J=d,110 Hz,H11b),425(1H,ddd,J=110,80,10 Hz,H12),493(1H,d,J=80 Hz,H13),730(1H,d,J=35 Hz,H2′),390(3H,s,5′OCH3),675(2H,s,H2″,6″),375(2H,s,H3″,5″); 13CNMR(CDCl3,125 MHz)δ:1630(C2),1045(C3),1819(C4),1616(C5),995(C6),1648(C7),945(C8),1578(C9),1039(C10),600(C11),785(C12),766(C13),1222(C1′),1083(C2′),1445(C3′),1368(C4′),1490(C5′),1029(C6′),556(5′OCH3 ),1263(C1″),1053(C2″,6″),1478(C3″,5″),1361(C4″),560(C3″,5″)。以上以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn) [4] 報(bào)道的化合物一致,故鑒定該化合物為palstatin。
化合物5白色粉末。1HNMR(CDCl3,500 MHz)δ:773(1H,br s,H2),775(1H,br s,H6),485(1H,m,H8),468(1H,dd,J=110,80 Hz,H9a),440(1H,t,J=80 Hz,H9b),385(3H,s,OCH3),728(1H,br s,H2′),728(1H,br s,H6′),539(1H,d,J=85 Hz,H7′),316(1H,m,H8′),448(1H,dd,J=115,30 Hz,H9′a),395(1H,dd,J=115 ,45 Hz,H9′b),382(3H,s,OCH3),478(1H,d,J=82 Hz,H1″),406(1H,t,J=85 Hz,H2″),413(1H,t,J=85 Hz,H3″),406(1H,m,H4″),430(1H,dd,J=110 ,50 Hz,H5″a),368(1H,t,J=110 Hz,H5″b); 13C NMR(CDCl3,125 MHz)δ:1279(C1),1079(C2),1486(C3),1437(C4),1489(C5),1084(C6),1985(C7),492(C8),706(C9),565(OCH3),1312(C1′),1052(C2′),1495(C3′),1378(C4′),1495(C5′),1053(C6′),845(C7′),535(C8′),765(C9′),566(OCH3),1057(C1″),747(C2″),788(C3″),711(C4″),673(C5″)。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[5] 報(bào)道的化合物一致,故鑒定該化合物為(8R,7′S,8′R)5,5′dimethoxy7oxolariciresinol 9′ODxylopyranoside。
化合物6白色粉末。1HNMR(CDCl3,500 MHz)δ:695(1H,d,J=20 Hz,H2),670(1H,d,J=80 Hz,H5),780(1H,dd,J=80 ,20 Hz,H6),555(1H,d,J=65 Hz,H7),356(1H,m,H8),401(1H,m,H9a),382(1H,m,H9b),377(3H,s,OCH3),675(1H,br s,H2′),668(1H,br s,H6′),257(1H,br t,J=80 Hz,H7′),177(1H,m,H8′),352(2H,t,J=65 Hz,H9′),380(3H,s,OCH3),430(1H,d,J=76 Hz,H1″),328(1H,m,H2″),327(1H,m,H3″),323(1H,m,H4″),332(1H,m,H5″),368(1H,t,J=110 Hz,H6″a),358(1H,m,H6″b); 13CNMR(CDCl3,125 MHz)δ:1346(C1),1109(C2),1495(C3),1477(C4),1169(C5),1195(C6),892(C7),533(C8),727(C9),567(OCH3),1368(C1′),1182(C2′),1457(C3′),1478(C4′),1295(C5′),1143(C6′),330(C7′),358(C8′),623(C9′),566(OCH3),1046(C1″),756(C2″),786(C3″),717(C4″),689(C5″),629(C5″)。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[5] 報(bào)道的化合物一致,故鑒定該化合物為9ODglucopyranoside。
化合物7白色粉末。1HNMR(CDCl3,500 MHz)δ:552(1H,d,J=35 Hz,Hl″),455(1H,d,J=35 Hz,H2″),395(1H,d,J=100 Hz,H4″α),445(1H,d,J=100 Hz,H4″β),372(1H,d,J=115 Hz,H5″α),375(1H,d,J=115 Hz,H5″β),405(3H,s,OCH3),770(1H,s,H5),705(1H,s,H8),556(1H,d,J=140 Hz,H10),677(1H,d,J=18 Hz,H2′),603(2H,s,3′,4′OCH2O),694(1H,d,J=78 Hz,H5′),674(1H,dd,J=78,18 Hz,H6′); 13CNMR(CDCl3,125 MHz)δ:1365(C1),1300(C2),1195(C3),1464(C4),1276(C4a),1016(C5),1527(C6),1497(C7),1105(C8),1323(C8a),1726(C9),687(C10),1025(OCH2O),1302(C1′),1115(C2′),1488(C3′,C4′),1089(C5′),1246(C6′),563(OCH3),1126(Cl″),788(C2″),803(C3″),759(C4″),643(C5″)。以上以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[6] 報(bào)道的化合物基本一致,故鑒定該化合物為(-)haplomyrtoside。
4活性測(cè)試
抗流感病毒(A/Hanfang/1/47,H5N1)試驗(yàn)方法:在5% CO2,37 ℃條件下,將MDCK 細(xì)胞接種于96 孔培養(yǎng)板內(nèi)。24 h后使MDCK細(xì)胞感染流感病毒1×10-5,吸附2 h后棄掉病毒液,再加入含有不同稀釋度樣品及陽(yáng)性對(duì)照藥(奧司米韋)的維持液。在5% CO2,37 ℃條件下繼續(xù)培養(yǎng),待病毒對(duì)照組病變(CPE)達(dá)4+時(shí)觀察各組細(xì)胞病變(CPE)(約35 h),計(jì)算各樣品抗流感病毒半數(shù)抑制濃度(IC50)。結(jié)果表明化合物1,3,4,5具有較強(qiáng)的抗流感病毒(H5N1)活性,IC50分別為065,021,032,056 μmol·L-1,SI分別為125,35,106,78; 陽(yáng)性對(duì)照藥(奧司米韋)IC50為28 μmol·L-1 ,SI為1 1501。
細(xì)胞毒活性試驗(yàn)方法:用含10%小牛血清的RPMI1640培養(yǎng)基配制成1萬(wàn)個(gè)/mL細(xì)胞懸液,將腫瘤細(xì)胞置于培養(yǎng)液中。96孔培養(yǎng)板內(nèi)接種細(xì)胞,在37 ℃,5% CO2溫箱內(nèi)培養(yǎng)24 h。受試樣品設(shè)3個(gè)濃度(01,1,10 μmol·L-1),每個(gè)濃度設(shè)置3個(gè)平行孔,在37 ℃,5% CO2溫箱內(nèi)培養(yǎng)4 d。棄去培養(yǎng)液后,每孔加入MTT 溶液(04 g·L-1,RPMI1640 配制)100 μL,37 ℃ 孵育4 h。棄上清液,每孔加入DMSO 150 μL,用550型酶標(biāo)儀在檢測(cè)波長(zhǎng)540 nm,參考波長(zhǎng)405 nm下測(cè)定A。結(jié)果表明化合物1,2,6,7具有較好的抗人肝癌細(xì)胞(HepG2)活性,IC50分別為035,025,053,066 μmol·L-1,陽(yáng)性對(duì)照藥紫杉醇IC50為0012 μmol·L-1。
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