賈靜輝,李春東,陳 冰,李景軒,童 英
(中國(guó)人民解放軍空軍總醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科,北京 100142)
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腫瘤錯(cuò)配修復(fù)基因PMS2及活化Akt1在不同卵巢癌細(xì)胞株中的表達(dá)及相關(guān)性
賈靜輝,李春東,陳冰,李景軒,童英△
(中國(guó)人民解放軍空軍總醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科,北京 100142)
[摘要]目的檢測(cè)Akt1、P-Akt S473和PMS2蛋白在人類(lèi)不同卵巢癌細(xì)胞株(A2780、Caov3、C13*和ES2)中的表達(dá)水平及相關(guān)性。方法應(yīng)用Western blot檢測(cè)Akt1、P-Akt S473和PMS2蛋白分別于A2780、Caov3、C13*和ES2細(xì)胞中表達(dá)水平;應(yīng)用Akt1激動(dòng)劑胰島素樣生長(zhǎng)因子-1(IGF-1)及Akt1特異性抑制劑API-2調(diào)節(jié)Akt1活化水平,觀察PMS2蛋白表達(dá)水平變化。結(jié)果Akt1,P-Akt S473及PMS2 3種蛋白在A2780,Caov3,C13*和ES2卵巢癌細(xì)胞內(nèi)均表達(dá),但表達(dá)水平高低不一,即Akt1的活化形式P-Akt S473與PMS2蛋白表達(dá)呈負(fù)相關(guān);應(yīng)用IGF-1上調(diào)Akt1的活性后,ES2和Caov3中PMS2表達(dá)水平明顯下降,且與IGF-1的作用存在時(shí)間依賴(lài)性;應(yīng)用特異性抑制劑API-2抑制Akt1的活性后,A2780中PMS2表達(dá)水平明顯升高,且與API-2的作用存在時(shí)間依賴(lài)性。結(jié)論人類(lèi)卵巢癌細(xì)胞中PMS2蛋白的表達(dá)水平可能受活化Akt1的直接調(diào)控。
[關(guān)鍵詞]卵巢腫瘤;蛋白激酶類(lèi);胰島素樣生長(zhǎng)因子1
Akt1又稱(chēng)蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,PKB),是一種絲/蘇氨酸蛋白激酶,它是細(xì)胞生存信號(hào)通路PI3K/Akt的樞紐分子,Akt1活化后可通過(guò)磷酸化作用,活化其下游生長(zhǎng)因子及其旁路分子,從而抑制細(xì)胞凋亡、促進(jìn)細(xì)胞周期、促使細(xì)胞侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移,促進(jìn)血管生成等生物學(xué)效應(yīng)。Akt1存在兩個(gè)磷酸化位點(diǎn)Thr308和Ser473,只有當(dāng)Ser473活化后Akt1才能完全活化,Akt1通過(guò)磷酸化下游靶分子中保守序列RXRXXS/TB(X:任意氨基酸;R:精氨酸;B:疏水氨基酸)發(fā)揮其生物學(xué)效應(yīng)[1]。
PMS2是MMRs蛋白家族中的重要一員,它在保持基因組穩(wěn)定性中起至關(guān)重要的作用。PMS2基因突變或表達(dá)缺失與HNPCC及15%的實(shí)體腫瘤發(fā)生、發(fā)展密切相關(guān)[2]。然而有關(guān)PMS2與腫瘤相關(guān)性報(bào)道不盡相同,有研究證實(shí):前列腺癌中PMS2表達(dá)異常增高[3]。因此,研究PMS2蛋白的表達(dá)調(diào)控及穩(wěn)定性,可能成為新的腫瘤防治靶點(diǎn)。應(yīng)用DNAmanda軟件分析發(fā)現(xiàn):PMS2蛋白中存在Akt1識(shí)別及磷酸化的共有基因序列YPRPRGT156TVSV。因此推測(cè)Akt1可能通過(guò)活化共有序列中T156位點(diǎn)調(diào)控PMS2蛋白的表達(dá)及其穩(wěn)定性。
本研究通過(guò)Western blot技術(shù)檢測(cè)不同人類(lèi)卵巢癌細(xì)胞株中Akt1、P-Akt S473和PMS2蛋白的表達(dá)水平;應(yīng)用Akt1激動(dòng)劑和Akt1特異的抑制劑調(diào)節(jié)其活化水平,檢測(cè)PMS2的蛋白表達(dá)變化情況。初步探討PMS2蛋白與活化Akt1的關(guān)系,為進(jìn)一步研究活化的Akt1與PMS2的作用機(jī)制奠定基礎(chǔ)。
1材料與方法
1.1細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)將A2780、Caov3,C13*和ES2卵巢癌細(xì)胞株于10 %胎牛血清RPMI-1640中培養(yǎng),每2天傳代1次,選擇生長(zhǎng)狀態(tài)好的細(xì)胞進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。
1.2Western blot檢測(cè)PMS2、Akt1和P-Akt S473的表達(dá)各組細(xì)胞中加RIPA,超聲裂解,BCA法檢測(cè)蛋白濃度,SDS-PAGE電泳分離蛋白,轉(zhuǎn)膜于PVDF膜,室溫封閉1 h,加入Akt1抗體(CST)、P-Akt S473抗體(CST)、PMS2抗體(Epitomics)、GAPDH抗體(CST),稀釋度均為1∶1 000,4 ℃過(guò)夜,加二抗(稀釋度1∶5 000)室溫孵育1 h,曝光,利用Quantity-one軟件進(jìn)行分析,本試驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
1.3Akt1活性上調(diào)選取已驗(yàn)證低Akt1活化狀態(tài)的ES2及Caov3卵巢癌細(xì)胞,于無(wú)血清培養(yǎng)基中饑餓過(guò)夜;應(yīng)用Akt1活化劑胰島素樣生長(zhǎng)因子-1(IGF-1,100 ng/mL)刺激細(xì)胞[4-6],觀察Akt1的活化是否與IGF-1作用存在時(shí)間依賴(lài)性。
1.4Akt1活性下調(diào)選取已驗(yàn)證高Akt1活化的A2780卵巢癌細(xì)胞,于無(wú)血清培養(yǎng)基中饑餓過(guò)夜;應(yīng)用Akt1特異抑制劑API-2 4 μM抑制其活性,觀察Akt1活性抑制是否與API-2存在時(shí)間依賴(lài)性。
2結(jié)果
2.1Western blot檢測(cè)不同卵巢癌細(xì)胞株中Akt1、P-Akt S473和PMS2的表達(dá)情況P-Akt S473在卵巢癌細(xì)胞株ES2中表達(dá)缺失(圖1)。PMS2、Akt1和P-Akt S473蛋白在A2780、Caov3及C13*細(xì)胞株中均表達(dá),且表達(dá)水平不一。如圖1示,C13*、Caov3、ES2細(xì)胞株中P-Akt S473表達(dá)處于低水平,與此同時(shí)PMS2蛋白高水平表達(dá);A2780細(xì)胞株中,P-Akt S473蛋白表達(dá)明顯增高,但伴隨PMS2蛋白的低表達(dá)。因相關(guān)報(bào)道證實(shí),Hela宮頸癌細(xì)胞株中既無(wú)MMR蛋白表達(dá)缺失[7],又無(wú)Akt1蛋白異?;罨痆8],故本試驗(yàn)中將其作為陽(yáng)性對(duì)照。綜上所述,在不同的卵巢癌細(xì)胞株中,P-Akt S473蛋白高表達(dá)對(duì)應(yīng)PMS2蛋白低表達(dá),Akt1低活化水平對(duì)應(yīng)PMS2蛋白高表達(dá)。卵巢癌細(xì)胞株中Akt1的活化形式P-Akt S473蛋白與PMS2蛋白表達(dá)水平呈負(fù)相關(guān)。
GAPDH:內(nèi)參照,Hela:陽(yáng)性對(duì)照。
圖1Western Blot檢測(cè)卵巢癌細(xì)胞中PMS2,Akt1和P-Akt S473蛋白的表達(dá)水平
2.2Western Blot 檢測(cè)不同卵巢癌細(xì)胞中Akt1活化與PMS2蛋白表達(dá)的關(guān)系
2.2.1激活A(yù)kt1后卵巢癌細(xì)胞中PMS2蛋白表達(dá)水平為進(jìn)一步檢驗(yàn)Akt1的活性是否與其下游PMS2蛋白表達(dá)相關(guān),應(yīng)用Akt1激動(dòng)劑IGF-1上調(diào)Akt1蛋白激酶活性,檢測(cè)卵巢癌細(xì)胞株中PMS2蛋白表達(dá)情況。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:應(yīng)用100 ng/mL IGF-1作用于卵巢癌細(xì)胞ES2和Caov3后活化Akt1蛋白的表達(dá)水平明顯增高,且與IGF-1作用呈時(shí)間依賴(lài)性;活化的Akt1表達(dá)上調(diào)卵巢癌細(xì)胞株中PMS2的蛋白表達(dá)水平明顯下降,且亦存在時(shí)間依賴(lài)性,結(jié)果見(jiàn)圖2。
2.2.2抑制Akt1活性后卵巢癌細(xì)胞中PMS2蛋白表達(dá)水平為進(jìn)一步檢測(cè)抑制卵巢癌細(xì)胞中Akt1活性后PMS2蛋白表達(dá)變化情況,應(yīng)用Akt1特異抑制劑API-2作用于卵巢癌細(xì)胞A2780不同時(shí)間,如圖3示:API-2可使卵巢癌細(xì)胞A2780中P-Akt S473的表達(dá)明顯下調(diào),且存在時(shí)間依賴(lài)性;在卵巢癌細(xì)胞A2780中API-2作用48 h對(duì)Akt1活性抑制最明顯,PMS2蛋白表達(dá)達(dá)峰值。
A:在PMS2高表達(dá)的ES2細(xì)胞株中,IGF-1上調(diào)P-AktS473表達(dá)水平,且呈時(shí)間依賴(lài)性;Akt1活化后PMS2蛋白的表達(dá)明顯下降,亦存在時(shí)間依賴(lài)性。B:Caov3與ES2 細(xì)胞中IGF-1上調(diào)Akt1活性后PMS2蛋白表達(dá)水平明顯下調(diào)。
圖2不同卵巢癌細(xì)胞株中活化Akt1后PMS2的蛋白表達(dá)水平
圖3 Western Blot 檢測(cè)卵巢癌細(xì)胞中PMS2的表達(dá)
3討論
腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展有明顯的遺傳傾向及相關(guān)性。DNA錯(cuò)配修復(fù)即MMR系統(tǒng),它是生物進(jìn)化過(guò)程中演化出一種高度保守的錯(cuò)配修復(fù)系統(tǒng)。MMR不僅能夠識(shí)別和修復(fù)DNA重組和復(fù)制過(guò)程中的單個(gè)堿基錯(cuò)配,還可矯正小片段DNA聚合酶滑鏈的插入和缺失(IDLs),以保持整個(gè)基因組的穩(wěn)定性及高度保真性;MMR亦可通過(guò)誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡抑制細(xì)胞癌變[9]。人類(lèi)對(duì)MMR的認(rèn)識(shí)源于對(duì)Ecoli的研究[10],且MMR的缺失與人類(lèi)多種腫瘤的發(fā)生密切相關(guān),如:宮頸癌、乳腺癌、兒童腫瘤綜合征、Turcot綜合征[11-14]等。
在對(duì)散發(fā)性結(jié)直腸癌的研究中首次發(fā)現(xiàn)人類(lèi)腫瘤錯(cuò)配修復(fù)基因,目前MMR家族公認(rèn)有MutS同源物hMSH2~hMSH6及MutL的同源物hMLH1、hMLH3、hPMS1和hPMS2。只有當(dāng)錯(cuò)配識(shí)別復(fù)合物MutSα(hMSH2-hMSH6)和(或)MutSβ(hMSH2-hMSH3)與DNA序列上錯(cuò)配位點(diǎn)結(jié)合后,使得ATP依賴(lài)水解酶構(gòu)象發(fā)生改變,復(fù)合物MutLα(MLH1-PMS2)與MutSα或MutSβ結(jié)合,才能激活MMR系統(tǒng),從而發(fā)揮其基因錯(cuò)配修復(fù)功能[15-16]。以往經(jīng)典研究發(fā)現(xiàn),MMRs絕大部分突變發(fā)生在MLH1、MSH2和MSH6,發(fā)生于PMS1和PMS2少見(jiàn)。隨著研究深入,PMS2在人類(lèi)腫瘤中的作用日益受關(guān)注,與其他錯(cuò)配修復(fù)蛋白不同,PMS2具有高度不穩(wěn)定性,在人類(lèi)多種腫瘤中表達(dá)缺失或功能缺失[17]。本試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),在卵巢癌細(xì)胞株A2780、Caov3、ES2和C13*中PMS2均有表達(dá),但在A2780中PMS2表達(dá)水平極低,伴隨高活化水平的Akt1,即PMS2的表達(dá)水平與活化的Akt1呈負(fù)相關(guān)。
Akt1是細(xì)胞生存通路PI3K/Akt的樞紐分子,廣泛存在于哺乳動(dòng)物各組織中,參與細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)、增殖及凋亡[18-19]。通常情況下,Akt1處于非激活狀態(tài),只有它被上游激酶磷酸化完全活化后,磷酸化下游靶分子中保守序列,從而發(fā)揮其生物學(xué)效應(yīng)。Akt1異?;罨c多種惡性腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和轉(zhuǎn)歸關(guān)系密切。在人類(lèi)卵巢癌、前列腺癌、胰腺癌、骨髓瘤、直腸癌及腎細(xì)胞癌中Akt1異?;罨?;應(yīng)用抑制劑抑制Akt1磷酸化水平后,明顯抑制以上腫瘤的生長(zhǎng)[20-23]。
大量研究證實(shí),已知Akt1下游靶分子,如GSK3、FKHRL1、BAD及BRCA1等,均含有其磷酸化的保守序列RXRXXS/TB[4,24]。本研究前期實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),PMS2蛋白中存在YPRPRGT156TVSV共有基序,這一結(jié)果提示蛋白PMS2可能被活化的Akt1磷酸化,影響穩(wěn)定性,進(jìn)而影響其生物學(xué)功能。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),不同卵巢癌細(xì)胞株中蛋白PMS2及活化Akt1表達(dá)水平呈負(fù)相關(guān),提示PMS2蛋白的表達(dá)水平可能受活化Akt1的直接調(diào)控,PMS2可能為PI3K/Akt信號(hào)通路下游新的靶分子,為人類(lèi)卵巢癌的治療尋找新靶點(diǎn)奠定基礎(chǔ)。
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The expression and the relativity of PMS2 and P-Akt S473 in different human ovarian cancer cell lines
Jia Jinghui,Li Chundong,Chen Bing,Li Jingxuan,Tong Ying△
(1.Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Air Force General Hospital of PLA,Beijing 100142,China)
[Abstract]ObjectiveTo evaluate the expression and the relativity of PMS2,Akt1 and P-Akt S473 protein in A2780,Caov3,C13* and ES2 ovarian cancer cell lines.MethodsThe expression of PMS2,Akt1 and P-Akt S473 protein in A2780,Caov3,C13* and ES2 ovarian cancer cells was detected by Western Blot.After treated with IGF-1 (Akt1 activator) and API-2 (specific Akt1 inhibitor),Caov3,ES2 and A2780 cells were collected and the level of PMS2 was detected by Western Blot.ResultsPMS2,Akt1 and P-Akt S473 proteins were detected in all of the four ovarian cancer cell lines with varied expression levels,and the activity of Akt1 was inversely related to PMS2 expression in ovarian cancer cells.Exposed to Akt kinase stimulator IGF-1,ES2 and Caov3 cells were detected with a dramatically PMS2 decreasing.Meanwhile,the decreasing of PMS2 protein was time-dependent on IGF-1.Treated with API-2,Akt kinase specific inhibitor,A2780 was detected with PMS2 dramatically increasing,and the increasing of PMS2 protein was time-dependent on API-2.ConclusionIn ovarian cancer cells,PMS2 expression could be directly regulated by activated Akt1.
[Key words]ovarian neoplasms;protein kinases;insulin-like growth factor 1
doi:論著·基礎(chǔ)研究10.3969/j.issn.1671-8348.2016.09.010
作者簡(jiǎn)介:賈靜輝(1982-),博士,主治醫(yī)師,主要從事婦科腫瘤研究。△通訊作者,E-mail:tongying7326@sina.com。
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)]R737.31
[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼]A
[文章編號(hào)]1671-8348(2016)09-1183-03
(收稿日期:2015-10-08修回日期:2015-12-26)