翁國武, 劉真義
海南省農(nóng)墾三亞醫(yī)院消化科,海南 三亞 572000
還原型谷胱甘肽聯(lián)合多烯磷脂酰膽堿注射液治療非酒精性脂肪性肝病的療效及機(jī)制
翁國武, 劉真義
海南省農(nóng)墾三亞醫(yī)院消化科,海南 三亞 572000
目的 探討還原型谷胱甘肽聯(lián)合多烯磷脂酰膽堿注射液治療非酒精性脂肪性肝病(nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD)的療效及對(duì)血清正五聚體蛋白3(PTX3)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及谷胱甘肽過氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平的影響。方法 將88例患者隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組(44例)和治療組(44例),對(duì)照組給予多烯磷脂酰膽堿注射液10 ml,1次/d,加入5 %葡萄糖注射液250 ml靜脈滴注;治療組在對(duì)照組的基礎(chǔ)上加用還原型谷胱甘肽片,4片/次,3次/d;所有患者均觀察12周。比較兩組患者肝功能、血脂水平、腰圍/臀圍比(waist/hip ratio, WHR)及體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(body mass index, BMI);分析兩組肝酶學(xué)療效;檢測(cè)兩組血清PTX3、SOD及GSH-Px水平。結(jié)果 治療組治療后AST、ALT、TC及TG水平明顯低于對(duì)照組(P<0.01);治療后兩組患者WHR均無顯著變化;治療組治療后BMI明顯降低,且低于對(duì)照組(P<0.01);治療組總有效率為93.18%,對(duì)照組為72.73%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=5.143,P<0.05);治療組治療后血清PTX3、SOD和GSH-Px顯著高于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。結(jié)論 還原型谷胱甘肽聯(lián)合多烯磷脂酰膽堿注射液治療NAFLD療效顯著,上調(diào)患者血清PTX3、SOD和GSH-Px水平可能與其作用有關(guān)。
還原型谷胱甘肽;多烯磷脂酰膽堿注射液;非酒精性脂肪肝;正五聚體蛋白3;超氧化物歧化酶;谷胱甘肽過氧化物酶
非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD)屬代謝應(yīng)激相關(guān)性疾病,與人們的飲食、生活習(xí)慣等聯(lián)系密切;伴隨肥胖癥、高血脂及代謝綜合征疾病等病癥增加,NAFLD患病率呈逐年升高趨勢(shì)[1]。NAFLD患者肝細(xì)胞內(nèi)大量脂肪沉積,日久可能轉(zhuǎn)化為肝硬化,其所致代謝紊亂與心腦血管病有關(guān)[2]。近年,臨床治療NAFLD獲得較好進(jìn)展,新發(fā)藥物漸多,但患者的肝功能盡快恢復(fù)及臨床療效仍有待提高[3]。臨床研究證實(shí),還原型谷胱甘肽聯(lián)合多烯磷脂酰膽堿治療NAFLD可明顯改善肝功能和血脂水平[4]。本文旨在探討還原型谷胱甘肽聯(lián)合多烯磷脂酰膽堿注射液治療NAFLD的療效,觀察患者肝功能、血脂水平及體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)變化,分析其對(duì)肝酶學(xué)療效的影響及可能機(jī)制。
1.1 一般資料 88例患者均為海南農(nóng)墾三亞醫(yī)院2012年5月-2015年5月收治病例,將全部患者隨機(jī)分為治療組(44例)和對(duì)照組(44例)。治療組:男27例,女17例;年齡38~63歲,平均年齡(50.33±7.75)歲;其中合并2型糖尿病11例,高血壓16例,高脂血癥17例。對(duì)照組:男25例,女19例;年齡36~61歲,平均年齡(50.61±7.82)歲;合并2型糖尿病10例,高血壓16例,高脂血癥18例。兩組患者基本臨床資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 NAFLD診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 根據(jù)《非酒精性脂肪性肝病診療指南》[5]相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定:(1)無飲酒史或飲酒折合乙醇量男性每周<140 g,女性每周<70 g;(2)除原發(fā)疾病臨床表現(xiàn)外,可有乏力、消化不良、肝區(qū)隱痛、肝脾腫大等非特異性癥狀及體征;(3)血清轉(zhuǎn)氨酶和γ-谷氨酰轉(zhuǎn)肽酶水平可有輕至中度升高(<5倍正常值上限),通常以丙氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(ALT)升高為主;(4)除外病毒性肝炎、藥物性肝病、全胃腸外營養(yǎng)、肝豆?fàn)詈俗冃缘瓤蓪?dǎo)致脂肪肝的特定疾??;(5)可有體質(zhì)量超重和(或)內(nèi)臟性肥胖、空腹血糖增高、血脂紊亂、高血壓等代謝綜合征相關(guān)組分;(6)影像學(xué)檢查結(jié)果提示彌漫性脂肪肝;(7)肝活檢提示組織學(xué)改變符合脂肪性肝病的病理學(xué)。同時(shí)具備以上第1~5項(xiàng)和第6/7項(xiàng)中任何1項(xiàng)即可確診。
1.3 納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)符合NAFLD診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)者;(2)年齡30~65歲;(3)ALT水平異常升高4周以上者;(4)近1個(gè)月未應(yīng)用保肝、減肥、降糖調(diào)脂等藥物治療者;(6)所有患者自愿參加,且簽署同意協(xié)議。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)妊娠及哺乳期婦女;(2)有飲酒史或乙醇量女性>70 g/周,男性>140 g/周;(3)合并其他類型嚴(yán)重肝病者;(4)合并心、肺、腎及內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)等嚴(yán)重疾病及精神病者;(5)期間不配合用藥者。
1.4 研究方法
1.4.1 治療方法:基礎(chǔ)治療:依據(jù)《非酒精性脂肪性肝病診療指南》[5]采取非藥物治療;如平衡膳食,增加膳食纖維,適當(dāng)有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)(>4 次/周,≥30 min/次),改善不良生活方式,減少糖、反式脂肪酸、飽和脂肪酸等攝入。對(duì)照組:給予多烯磷脂酰膽堿注射液(Fujisawa Deutschland GmbH,批準(zhǔn)文號(hào)BH20040105)10 ml,1次/d,加入5 %葡萄糖注射液250 ml靜脈滴注。治療組:在對(duì)照組基礎(chǔ)上加用還原型谷胱甘肽片(重慶藥友制藥有限責(zé)任公司,國藥準(zhǔn)字H20050667),4片/次,3次/d。所有患者均觀察12周。
1.4.2 觀察指標(biāo)檢測(cè):(1)于治療前后應(yīng)用PUZS-300型全自動(dòng)生化分析儀測(cè)定天冬氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(AST)、ALT、總膽固醇(TC)及甘油三酯(TG)水平檢測(cè)兩組肝功能和血脂水平;(2)常規(guī)測(cè)量兩組患者身高、體質(zhì)量及腰臀圍,算出兩組腰圍/臀圍比(WHR)和BMI水平;(3)所有患者晨起空腹抽取外周血,室溫離心后獲得血清,應(yīng)用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)法于治療前后測(cè)定兩組血清正五聚體蛋白3(PTX3)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及谷胱甘肽過氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平,試劑盒由南京森貝伽生物科技有限公司提供。
1.5 療效評(píng)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 依據(jù)《非酒精性脂肪性肝病的中西醫(yī)結(jié)合診療共識(shí)意見》[6]制定肝臟酶學(xué)療效標(biāo)準(zhǔn),臨床控制:肝臟酶學(xué)恢復(fù)正常;顯效:肝臟酶學(xué)指標(biāo)下降≥50%;有效:肝臟酶學(xué)指標(biāo)下降<50%且≥30%;無效:肝臟酶學(xué)指標(biāo)下降<30%。總有效率(%)=臨床控制率+顯效率+有效率。
2.1 兩組患者血脂ALT,AST,TC及TG水平比較 治療后,兩組AST、ALT、TC及TG水平較治療前明顯下降(P<0.01);治療組治療后AST、ALT、TC及TG水平明顯低于對(duì)照組,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01, 見表1)。
組別例數(shù)AST(U/L)ALT(U/L)TC(mmol/L)TG(mmol/L)對(duì)照組44 治療前71.05±9.2487.03±9.497.05±1.053.96±0.51 治療后49.86±6.71?60.76±7.22?4.84±0.72?2.30±0.49?治療組44 治療前70.98±9.8886.90±9.827.02±1.023.92±0.53 治療后32.68±5.03??34.27±4.87??3.91±0.55??1.71±0.25??
注:與本組治療前比較,*P<0.01;與對(duì)照組治療后比較,**P<0.01。
2.2 兩組患者WHR和BMI比較 治療后兩組患者WHR均無顯著變化;治療組治療后BMI明顯降低,且低于對(duì)照組,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01, 見表2)。
2.3 兩組患者肝臟酶學(xué)療效比較 治療組總有效率為93.18%,對(duì)照組為72.73%,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=5.143,P<0.05,見表3)。
2.4 兩組血清PTX3、SOD及GSH-Px水平比較 治療后,兩組血清PTX3、SOD和GSH-Px水平顯著升高(P<0.01);治療組治療后血清PTX3、SOD和GSH-Px顯著高于對(duì)照組,兩組比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01, 見表4)。
組別例數(shù)WHRBMI(kg/m2)對(duì)照組44 治療前0.92±0.1627.71±4.21 治療后0.92±0.17?26.95±3.94?治療組44 治療前0.93±0.2027.68±4.16 治療后0.92±0.1624.03±2.87??
注:與本組治療前比較,*P<0.01;與對(duì)照組治療后比較,**P<0.01。
表3 兩組患者肝臟酶學(xué)療效比較[例數(shù)(%)]
Tab 3 Comparison of efficacy of hepatic enzymes in two groups [n(%)]
組別例數(shù)臨床控制顯效有效無效總有效率對(duì)照組448(18.18)15(34.09)9(20.45)12(27.27)32(72.73)治療組4415(34.09)18(40.91)8(18.18)3(6.82)31(93.18?)
注:與對(duì)照組比較,*P<0.05。
組別例數(shù)PTX3(ng/ml)SOD(μU/L)GSH?Px(U/L)對(duì)照組44 治療前1.04±0.1486.21±9.03140.03±14.87 治療后1.88±0.23?97.85±10.36?152.51±15.92?治療組44 治療前1.02±0.1286.56±9.12139.72±14.90 治療后2.75±0.29??120.43±13.23??168.61±17.99??
注:與本組治療前比較,*P<0.01;與對(duì)照組治療后比較,**P<0.01。
NAFLD的發(fā)病機(jī)制仍有待闡明,目前“二次打擊”學(xué)說是該病發(fā)生的主要機(jī)制,即初次打擊為脂質(zhì)代謝紊亂和胰島素抵抗引起肝細(xì)胞脂質(zhì)沉積形成單純性脂肪肝,第二次打擊為多種因素所致的氧化應(yīng)激及脂質(zhì)過氧化損害引起脂肪性肝炎[7];因此,肝細(xì)胞內(nèi)脂質(zhì)堆積及氧化應(yīng)激引發(fā)的細(xì)胞凋亡和炎癥反應(yīng)在NAFLD的發(fā)生、發(fā)展中發(fā)揮了重要作用[8-9]。
多烯磷脂酰膽堿的主要活性成分為二亞酰磷脂酰膽堿,可主動(dòng)結(jié)合肝細(xì)胞及細(xì)胞器,構(gòu)成細(xì)胞膜或亞細(xì)胞膜,促進(jìn)低密度脂蛋白轉(zhuǎn)換為高密度脂蛋白,改善肝臟脂質(zhì)代謝,緩解肝細(xì)胞脂肪變性、壞死;另一方面,多烯磷脂酰膽堿可減少體內(nèi)自由基水平,間接促進(jìn)肝細(xì)胞再生,使受損的肝功能及酶活性恢復(fù)正常[10]。本研究以常規(guī)非藥物干預(yù)措施聯(lián)合多烯磷脂酰膽堿治療對(duì)照組,結(jié)果與以往研究報(bào)道基本一致[10]。
谷胱甘肽可中和氧自由基對(duì)組織的損傷,減少氧自由基的產(chǎn)生,減輕脂質(zhì)過氧化及氧化應(yīng)激,保護(hù)肝細(xì)胞膜及促進(jìn)肝功能恢復(fù)等[11]。本研究采取還原型谷胱甘肽結(jié)合多烯磷脂酰膽堿注射液干預(yù) NAFLD,結(jié)果顯示:治療組較對(duì)照組相比,可進(jìn)一步改善患者的AST、ALT、TC及TG水平,與以往文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道基本相似[4]。另外,與對(duì)照組比較還原型谷胱甘肽聯(lián)合多烯磷脂酰膽堿注射液治療可降低患者的BMI;兩組患者肝臟酶學(xué)療效統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示:治療組患者的總有效率為93.18%,顯著高于對(duì)照組的72.73%;因此,本研究從多方面證實(shí)還原型谷胱甘肽聯(lián)合多烯磷脂酰膽堿注射液對(duì)NAFLD療效顯著,值得臨床應(yīng)用。
伴隨NAFLD“二次打擊”學(xué)說的確立,氧化應(yīng)激參與該病的發(fā)生機(jī)制受到廣泛關(guān)注。在NAFLD下活性氮(ROS)的生成增加,可損傷周圍的組織細(xì)胞及導(dǎo)致DNA、脂質(zhì)等氧化或再氧化,使細(xì)胞的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能破壞,從而誘發(fā)氧化應(yīng)激[12]。SOD為一種新型酶制劑,是機(jī)體內(nèi)氧自由基的自然清除酶,可清除機(jī)體的ROS,體內(nèi)SOD水平變化可視為衡量抗氧化能力的重要指標(biāo)[13-14]。GSH-Px是過氧化物分解酶,能夠?qū)⑦€原型谷胱甘肽催化為氧化型谷胱甘肽,促進(jìn)過氧化氫分解,避免肝細(xì)胞膜的結(jié)構(gòu)及功能遭受損傷[15]。PTX3是一種分泌型脂肪因子,能夠調(diào)節(jié)脂質(zhì)代謝、改善胰島素抵抗、保護(hù)肝功能及抑制氧化應(yīng)激等[16-17],對(duì)NAFLD患者起到較好保護(hù)作用[18]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,兩組治療后血清PTX3、SOD和GSH-Px水平顯著升高,與對(duì)照組比較還原型谷胱甘肽聯(lián)合多烯磷脂酰膽堿注射液治療治療后血清PTX3、SOD和GSH-Px顯著高于對(duì)照組;提示還原型谷胱甘肽聯(lián)合多烯磷脂酰膽堿注射液干預(yù)提高NAFLD患者血清PTX3、SOD及GSH-Px,從而發(fā)揮保肝、護(hù)肝效果。
綜上所述,還原型谷胱甘肽聯(lián)合多烯磷脂酰膽堿注射液治療NAFLD在改善肝功能、血脂水平、BMI及肝酶學(xué)療效方面均起到明顯效果,上調(diào)患者血清PTX3、SOD及GSH-Px,阻止病情進(jìn)展,可能是其作用機(jī)制之一,有待進(jìn)一步探討。
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(責(zé)任編輯:馬 軍)
Effect and mechanism of reduced glutathione combined with polyene phosphatidylcholine injection on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
WENG Guowu, LIU Zhenyi
Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan Province Nongken Sanya Hospital, Sanya 572000, China
Objective To investigate the effect of reduced glutathione combined with polyene phosphatidylcholine injection on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the influence on serum levels of pentraxin 3 (PTX3), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Methods Eighty-eight patients with NAFLD were divided into control group (44 cases) and treatment group (44 cases). Control group was given polyene phosphatidylcholine injection 10 ml with 250 ml glucose injection, 1 time each day. Based on control group, treatment group was treated with reduced glutathione, 4 tablets each time and 3 times each day. All patients were observed for 12 weeks. Liver function, blood lipid level, waist/hip ratio(WHR), and body mass index (BMI) were compared between two groups. Liver enzymology efficacy in both groups was analyzed. Serum levels of PTX3, SOD, and GSH-Px were detected in both groups. Results After treatment, the AST, ALT, TC and TG levels in treatment were obviously lower than those in control group (P<0.01). There was no significant change of WHR in two groups, and BMI in treatment group was decreased and lower than that in control group after treatment (P<0.01). Total efficacy rate of treatment group was evidently higher than that of control group (93.18%vs72.73%) (χ2=5.143,P<0.05). Serum levels of PTX3, SOD and GSH-Px in treatment group were lower than those in control group (P<0.01). Conclusion Reduced glutathione combined with polyene phosphatidylcholine injection on NAFLD has a significant efficacy, and may be related to up-regulation of serum levels of PTX3, SOD, and GSH-Px.
Reduced glutathione; Polyene phosphatidylcholine injection; Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; Pentraxin 3; Superoxide dismutase ; Glutathione peroxidase
10.3969/j.issn.1006-5709.2016.10.028
翁國武,本科,主治醫(yī)師,研究方向:胃腸病及肝病、消化系統(tǒng)的臨床診治。E-mail:shengtang7758@163.com
R575.5
A
1006-5709(2016)10-1185-04
2016-01-28