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磁共振3D-ASL與1H-MRS對(duì)腦膠質(zhì)瘤術(shù)前分級(jí)的對(duì)比研究

2016-05-17 01:50董衛(wèi)敏齊旭紅康群鳳畢冬梅于洋孟凡祺溫智勇
磁共振成像 2016年11期
關(guān)鍵詞:高級(jí)別血流量實(shí)質(zhì)

董衛(wèi)敏,齊旭紅,康群鳳,畢冬梅,于洋,孟凡祺,溫智勇

磁共振3D-ASL與1H-MRS對(duì)腦膠質(zhì)瘤術(shù)前分級(jí)的對(duì)比研究

董衛(wèi)敏,齊旭紅,康群鳳,畢冬梅,于洋,孟凡祺,溫智勇*

目的探討三維動(dòng)脈自旋標(biāo)記(3D-ASL)與氫質(zhì)子磁共振波譜(1H-MRS)兩種技術(shù)對(duì)腦膠質(zhì)瘤術(shù)前分級(jí)的臨床價(jià)值。材料與方法回顧性分析經(jīng)病理證實(shí)的44例腦膠質(zhì)瘤患者的ASL和MRS圖像。按照WHO 2007標(biāo)準(zhǔn),將病例分為兩組:低級(jí)別腦膠質(zhì)瘤組(Ⅰ~Ⅱ級(jí),13例) 和高級(jí)別腦膠質(zhì)瘤組(Ⅲ~Ⅳ級(jí),31例),測(cè)量并計(jì)算腫瘤實(shí)質(zhì)區(qū)、健側(cè)腦組織區(qū)代謝物及CBF值的相對(duì)值和比值,作統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。結(jié)果在44例腦膠質(zhì)瘤中,3D-ASL相關(guān)參數(shù)(TBFmax,rCBF1,rCBF2)及1H-MRS相關(guān)參數(shù)(rNAA、rCr、Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA)在低、高級(jí)別組腦膠質(zhì)瘤比較中差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05) ,而1H-MRS相關(guān)參數(shù)(rCho、NAA/Cr)在兩組腦膠質(zhì)瘤比較中差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);經(jīng)受試者工作特征曲線(ROC)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),3D-ASL相關(guān)參數(shù)(TBFmax,rCBF1,rCBF2)及1H-MRS相關(guān)參數(shù)(rNAA、rCr、Cho /Cr、Cho/NAA)鑒別膠質(zhì)瘤分級(jí)的曲線下面積>0.5;3D-ASL+1H-MRS 鑒別膠質(zhì)瘤分級(jí)的曲線下面積(0.955)>單獨(dú)運(yùn)用3D-ASL (0.923)或1H-MRS的曲線下面積(0.871),3D-ASL+1H-MRS診斷低、高級(jí)別膠質(zhì)瘤的敏感度和特異度分別達(dá)8 7.1%、1 0 0%。結(jié)論單獨(dú)就1H-MRS和3D-ASL兩種技術(shù)而言,3D-ASL具有更高診斷價(jià)值。而聯(lián)合1H-MRS、3D-ASL兩種技術(shù)診斷膠質(zhì)瘤級(jí)別,可以進(jìn)行優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ),較單獨(dú)運(yùn)用3D-ASL或1H-MRS更有助于準(zhǔn)確地對(duì)高、低級(jí)別膠質(zhì)瘤進(jìn)行分級(jí)。

神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)瘤;自旋標(biāo)記;磁共振波譜學(xué);腫瘤分級(jí)

腦膠質(zhì)瘤(brain glioma,BG)是顱內(nèi)最常見(jiàn)的原發(fā)性腫瘤,約占顱內(nèi)腫瘤的33.3%~58.6%[1]。參照2007年WHO制定的中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)腫瘤的分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[2],將膠質(zhì)瘤分為四級(jí):Ⅰ級(jí)、Ⅱ級(jí)(低級(jí)別膠質(zhì)瘤)、Ⅲ、Ⅳ級(jí)(高級(jí)別膠質(zhì)瘤)。臨床上,高級(jí)別膠質(zhì)瘤通常采用腫瘤切除術(shù)以及額外的放、化療來(lái)治療,而大多數(shù)低級(jí)別膠質(zhì)瘤患者,只需手術(shù)治療。因此,膠質(zhì)瘤的分級(jí)對(duì)臨床上制定適合的治療策略及預(yù)后的評(píng)估至關(guān)重要[3-4]。先進(jìn)的動(dòng)脈自旋標(biāo)記(arterial spin labeling,ASL)和磁共振波譜( magnetic resonance spectroscopy,MRS)可以分別無(wú)創(chuàng)的研究腦血流灌注情況和腦組織的代謝情況。本研究即探討兩種技術(shù)對(duì)腦膠質(zhì)瘤術(shù)前分級(jí)的臨床價(jià)值。

1 材料與方法

1.1 患者情況及分組

收集2015年10月1日至2016年6月31日間在北京電力醫(yī)院診治并經(jīng)病理證實(shí)的44例腦膠質(zhì)瘤患者的資料,其中男28例,女16例,年齡范圍為16~69歲,中位年齡為47.5歲。將病例分為兩組:低級(jí)別組(共13例,Ⅱ級(jí)13例)和高級(jí)別組(共31例,Ⅱ~Ⅲ5例,Ⅲ級(jí)8例,Ⅳ級(jí)18例)。

1.2 檢查方法

使用3.0 T高場(chǎng)強(qiáng)磁共振掃描儀及24通道頭顱表面線圈,對(duì)腦膠質(zhì)瘤患者進(jìn)行MRI檢查:先行常規(guī)MRI平掃及3D-ASL灌注檢查,靜脈團(tuán)注對(duì)比劑后進(jìn)行增強(qiáng)掃描(序列包括T1WI矢狀面、橫斷面及冠狀面),最后行1H-MRS檢查。3D-ASL為基于FSE的3D Spiral全腦采集,具體參數(shù)如下:帶寬62.5 KHz,矩陣512×512,NEX3次,Post Lable Delay 1525.0 ms,TR 4683.0 ms,TE 10.7 ms,層厚4.0 mm,無(wú)間隔,層數(shù)40,掃描時(shí)間:4 min 32 s,掃描范圍包括顱底至顱頂?shù)娜X范圍。MRS為二維1H-MRS檢查,采用點(diǎn)分辨波譜(PRESS)技術(shù),具體參數(shù):TR 1000 ms,TE 144 ms,激勵(lì)次數(shù)為1次, 掃描時(shí)間5 min 28 s。選取腫瘤實(shí)性最大層面定位,定位需涵蓋腫瘤實(shí)質(zhì)區(qū)、瘤周區(qū)及健側(cè)腦組織區(qū)。由于骨骼、脂肪、含氣結(jié)構(gòu)等會(huì)對(duì)圖像質(zhì)量造成影響,定位時(shí)盡量避開(kāi)這些位置。

1.3 圖像獲取及分析

3D-ASL:將原始數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行后處理,獲得腦血流量(cerebral blood flow,CBF)灌注圖像。將腦血流量灌注圖像與軸位T1增強(qiáng)圖像融合,在功能融合圖上于腫瘤實(shí)性區(qū)域灌注最明顯層面設(shè)置感興趣區(qū)(ROI),ROI放置于實(shí)性瘤體最大血流灌注區(qū),體素6~9,獲取腫瘤最大腦血流量值(TBFmax)。為校正個(gè)體差異導(dǎo)致的平均腦血流灌注差異,本研究同時(shí)獲取同層面對(duì)側(cè)正常白質(zhì)腦血流量(CBF1)、對(duì)側(cè)正常灰質(zhì)腦血流量(CBF2)的灌注值作為對(duì)照,計(jì)算腫瘤最大腦血流量/對(duì)側(cè)正常白質(zhì)腦血流量(TBFmax/CBF1)、腫瘤最大腦血流量/對(duì)側(cè)正常灰質(zhì)腦血流(TBFmax/CBF2)的比值,即相對(duì)腦血流量rCBF1、rCBF2。每個(gè)區(qū)域選擇三個(gè)ROI,求平均值以減少誤差。

1H-MRS:將原始數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行后處理,獲得1H-MRS代謝物與解剖圖的疊加圖、代謝物比率圖和分布圖。在MRS定位圖上,于腫瘤實(shí)性部分和健側(cè)腦組織區(qū)分別放置1~3個(gè)ROI,記錄波譜圖上每個(gè)ROI所對(duì)應(yīng)的N-乙酰天冬氨酸(NAA)、肌酸(Cr)、含膽堿代謝物(Cho)物質(zhì)的值及Cho/Cr、NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho的比值,并計(jì)算腫瘤實(shí)質(zhì)區(qū)各代謝物與健側(cè)腦組織區(qū)代謝物的比值rCho、rCr、rNAA。最后取平均值以減少誤差。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析

用IBM SPSS 22.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件包進(jìn)行分析。建立SPSS數(shù)據(jù)文件后,對(duì)照術(shù)后病理結(jié)果,先用兩獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn)分析高、低級(jí)別組3D-ASL各血流量指標(biāo)與1H-MRS各代謝物指標(biāo),以P<0.05認(rèn)為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。然后運(yùn)用受試者工作特征曲線(ROC)對(duì)3D-ASL各血流量指標(biāo)與1H-MRS各代謝物指標(biāo)鑒別膠質(zhì)瘤分級(jí)的可行性進(jìn)行分析。最后運(yùn)用邏輯回歸分析法和ROC曲線得出3D-ASL、1H-MRS及3D-ASL+1H-MRS 3種方法在鑒別高、低級(jí)別膠質(zhì)瘤中的臨界值、敏感度、特異度,并繪制ROC曲線。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 高、低級(jí)別組腦膠質(zhì)瘤腦血流量(CBF)灌注指標(biāo)結(jié)果分析(圖1,2)

本組31例高級(jí)別膠質(zhì)瘤患者中:28例患者腫瘤內(nèi)部灌注不均勻,腫瘤實(shí)質(zhì)部分呈高或明顯高血流灌注(圖1A);3例呈低灌注。本組13例低級(jí)別膠質(zhì)瘤患者中:11例患者腫瘤實(shí)質(zhì)部分呈等或較低血流灌注(圖2A);2例呈高灌注。高、低級(jí)別組腫瘤實(shí)質(zhì)區(qū)最大腦血流量(TBFmax)平均值分別為:104.10±51.83、39.23±21.71,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=-4.33,P=0.00)。高、低級(jí)別組腫瘤最大腦血流量/對(duì)側(cè)正?;屹|(zhì)腦血流量(TBFmax/CBF1)平均值分別為5.40±2.90、1.89±1.19,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=-5.85,P=0.00)。高、低級(jí)別組腫瘤最大腦血流量/對(duì)側(cè)正?;屹|(zhì)腦血流量(TBFmax/ CBF2)平均值分別為2.13±1.14、0.79±0.40,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=-4.11,P=0.00)。

2.2 高、低級(jí)別組腦膠質(zhì)瘤1H-MRS代謝物結(jié)果分析

本組研究44例腦膠質(zhì)瘤患者腫瘤實(shí)質(zhì)部分Cho及Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA比值較對(duì)側(cè)正常腦組織均不同程度升高,NAA、NAA/Cr、Cr值不同程度降低(圖1B,C;圖2B,C)。高、低級(jí)別組腦膠質(zhì)瘤腫瘤實(shí)質(zhì)區(qū)間比較:rNAA、rCr、Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA (P<0.05),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,rCho、NAA/Cr (P>0.05),差異無(wú)明顯統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(表1)。本組資料中,低級(jí)別組13例患者中,1例出現(xiàn)Lac峰,未見(jiàn)lip峰;高級(jí)別組31例患者中,6例見(jiàn)Lac峰,14例見(jiàn)lip峰,5例同時(shí)具有Lac及l(fā)ip峰。

2.3 3D-ASL與1H-MRS兩種技術(shù)的比較

2.3.1 3D-ASL的ROC曲線分析結(jié)果

經(jīng)ROC曲線分析發(fā)現(xiàn)TBFmax、rCBF1、rCBF2診斷高、低級(jí)別膠質(zhì)瘤的AUC分別為0.916、0.906、0.919。TBFmax鑒別高、低級(jí)別組膠質(zhì)瘤的臨界值為54.44 (敏感度93.5%,特異度92.3%);rCBF1鑒別高、低級(jí)別組膠質(zhì)瘤的臨界值為2.40 (敏感度90.3%,特異度84.6%);rCBF2鑒別高、低級(jí)別組膠質(zhì)瘤的臨界值為1.15 (敏感度90.3%,特異度84.6%)。

2.3.21H-MRS的 ROC曲線分析結(jié)果

ROC曲線分析結(jié)果顯示:腫瘤實(shí)質(zhì)區(qū)rNAA、rCr、Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA在膠質(zhì)瘤分級(jí)中的AUC分別為0.814、0.782、0.818、0.732,具有較高診斷分級(jí)價(jià)值;rCho、NAA/Cr在膠質(zhì)瘤分級(jí)中的AUC<0.5,無(wú)診斷分級(jí)價(jià)值。rNAA診斷高、低級(jí)別組膠質(zhì)瘤的臨界值為0.26(敏感度54.8%,特異度100.0%);rCr鑒別高、低級(jí)別組膠質(zhì)瘤的臨界值為0.71(敏感度58.1%,特異度92.3%);Cho/Cr鑒別高、低級(jí)別組膠質(zhì)瘤的臨界值為3.69 (敏感度64.5%,特異度92.3%);Cho/NAA鑒別高、低級(jí)別組膠質(zhì)瘤的臨界值為5.23(敏感度51.6%,特異度92.3%)。

2.3.3 3D-ASL、1H-MRS及3D-ASL+1H-MRS 3種方法比較

經(jīng)ROC曲線分析發(fā)現(xiàn),含3個(gè)參數(shù)的3D-ASL (TBFmax、rCBF1、rCBF2) 鑒別膠質(zhì)瘤高、低級(jí)別的AUC為0.923,當(dāng)臨界值為0.676時(shí),其敏感度為90.3%,特異度為92.3%。含4個(gè)參數(shù)的1H-MRS (rNAA、rCr、Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA) 鑒別膠質(zhì)瘤高、低級(jí)別的AUC為0.871,當(dāng)臨界值為0.81時(shí),其敏感度為64.5%,特異度為92.3%。而含7個(gè)參數(shù)的3D-ASL+1H-MRS (TBFmax、rCBF1、rCBF2、rNAA、rCr、Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA) 的AUC為0.955,當(dāng)臨界值為0.73時(shí),敏感度達(dá)87.1%,特異度達(dá)100%。

3 討論

腦膠質(zhì)瘤患者的治療策略和預(yù)后與膠質(zhì)瘤的病理級(jí)別關(guān)系密切。臨床上對(duì)腦膠質(zhì)瘤診斷分級(jí)最常用的影像學(xué)檢查方法是MR增強(qiáng)掃描,但根據(jù)有無(wú)強(qiáng)化來(lái)判斷腦膠質(zhì)瘤的級(jí)別存在一定的局限性[5],且增強(qiáng)掃描需要注射對(duì)比劑,對(duì)于過(guò)敏體質(zhì)或腎功能不全患者是禁忌證。ASL和MRS技術(shù)可以分別無(wú)創(chuàng)地研究腦血流灌注情況和腦組織的代謝情況,為膠質(zhì)瘤的分級(jí)提供常規(guī)MR檢查不能提供的信息。

ASL是一種無(wú)創(chuàng)的的灌注技術(shù),可用于評(píng)估腦膠質(zhì)瘤血供情況,進(jìn)而幫助術(shù)前分級(jí),多項(xiàng)研究證實(shí)其可取代DSC法對(duì)顱腦腫瘤進(jìn)行內(nèi)部微循環(huán)分析[6-8]。3D-ASL技術(shù)是一種全新的容積灌注成像方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)了全腦灌注成像,較傳統(tǒng)的2D-ASL具有采集效率高,信噪比高,能夠克服磁敏感偽影,灌注圖像更均勻等優(yōu)點(diǎn),能更準(zhǔn)確地反映腦膠質(zhì)瘤血管生成狀態(tài)。本組資料結(jié)果顯示:高級(jí)別與低級(jí)別組腦膠質(zhì)瘤患者3D-ASL灌注結(jié)果存在顯著差異,高級(jí)別組的TBFmax、rCBF1、rCBF2均顯著高于低級(jí)別膠質(zhì)瘤組TBFmax、rCBF1、rCBF2,具有較高的分級(jí)診斷效能,同時(shí)具有較高的鑒別診斷敏感度和特異度。以上結(jié)果說(shuō)明,3D-ASL不僅能準(zhǔn)確評(píng)價(jià)腦膠質(zhì)瘤的微循環(huán)灌注信息,而且能反映腫瘤的新生血管生成,定量研究高、低級(jí)別腦膠質(zhì)瘤的血流灌注情況,更可靠地對(duì)腦膠質(zhì)瘤的級(jí)別進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),這與國(guó)內(nèi)外報(bào)道相一致[9-10]。本研究中有2例低級(jí)別腦膠質(zhì)瘤病例腫瘤實(shí)質(zhì)部分均呈明顯高血流灌注,有研究認(rèn)為腫瘤血流量的高估可能是腫瘤內(nèi)存在血管分流的情況所致[7],也有文獻(xiàn)表示,少突膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞瘤1p19q雜合性聯(lián)合缺失會(huì)導(dǎo)致低級(jí)別的少突膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞瘤呈現(xiàn)高灌注的情況[11-12]。另有3例高級(jí)別患者腫瘤實(shí)質(zhì)部分呈低血流灌注,有研究認(rèn)為可能是腫瘤新生血管迂曲使信號(hào)到達(dá)延遲導(dǎo)致ASL對(duì)其CBF值低估[7,13]。以上情況的具體原因不明,之后會(huì)進(jìn)一步研究。MRS能無(wú)創(chuàng)測(cè)定腫瘤及正常腦組織的代謝情況,提供傳統(tǒng)影像技術(shù)無(wú)法提供的代謝信息[14],從而提高腫瘤分級(jí)準(zhǔn)確性,更好地指導(dǎo)臨床工作[15]。本研究對(duì)MRS相關(guān)參數(shù)進(jìn)行兩獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn)及ROC曲線分析,結(jié)果顯示:在高、低級(jí)別膠質(zhì)瘤分級(jí)中,rNAA、rCr、Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA具有較高分級(jí)價(jià)值,而rCho、NAA/Cr無(wú)分級(jí)價(jià)值。此結(jié)果與國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于MRS的研究不盡相同。Server等[16]的研究結(jié)果顯示:Cho/NAA、NAA/Cr可用于膠質(zhì)瘤分級(jí),而Cho/Cr無(wú)分級(jí)價(jià)值;Zeng等[17]及Caivano等[18]的研究結(jié)果均認(rèn)為高、低級(jí)別膠質(zhì)瘤之間的NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr均具有顯著的統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異;國(guó)內(nèi)姜亮等[19]的研究認(rèn)為,rNAA、NAA/Cr 及NAA/Cho對(duì)高低級(jí)別膠質(zhì)瘤具有分級(jí)意義,rCho、rCr、Cho/Cr無(wú)分級(jí)意義。分析原因:可能是不同研究1H-MRS掃描方法的選擇不同,樣本量不同、樣本的病理類型不同,這些均可能產(chǎn)生結(jié)果上的差異。NAA主要存在于神經(jīng)元內(nèi),被公認(rèn)是神經(jīng)元的內(nèi)標(biāo)志物[20],本研究中,高級(jí)別組rNAA明顯低于低級(jí)別組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,提示腫瘤級(jí)別越高,神經(jīng)元破壞越嚴(yán)重,即NAA峰下降越明顯[21]。Cho峰是腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖程度的標(biāo)志物,Cho峰越高提示細(xì)胞增殖速度越快[22],而本研究中rCho在高、低級(jí)別膠質(zhì)瘤分級(jí)中無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,查閱文獻(xiàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),有研究認(rèn)為組織壞死嚴(yán)重的高級(jí)別膠質(zhì)瘤,Cho也可以下降[23]。Cr主要反映組織能量代謝情況,本研究中高級(jí)別組rCr明顯低于低級(jí)別組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,此結(jié)果與其他學(xué)者研究結(jié)果不同[16-19],結(jié)合本組資料推測(cè)原因可能為:本研究樣本中出現(xiàn)壞死的高級(jí)別膠質(zhì)瘤樣本量偏多,而惡性膠質(zhì)瘤出現(xiàn)壞死時(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致Cr峰下降。lip峰的出現(xiàn)主要表示組織壞死[24],本研究中,lip峰均出現(xiàn)在高級(jí)別中,提示lip峰有助于膠質(zhì)瘤的分級(jí),這與Fountas等[25]的研究結(jié)果一致。Lac峰出現(xiàn)表示細(xì)胞不能有效進(jìn)行有氧呼吸,本研究高級(jí)別組31例患者中14例見(jiàn)lip峰,低級(jí)別組13例患者中1例出現(xiàn)Lac峰,提示Lac峰的出現(xiàn)并不一定提示腫瘤為高級(jí)別,但在高級(jí)別膠質(zhì)瘤中出現(xiàn)較多,這與一些學(xué)者研究結(jié)果相同[19,26]。

圖1男,34 歲;左額葉間變性少枝星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞瘤(Ⅲ級(jí))。A:3D-ASL CBF圖,腫瘤實(shí)質(zhì)區(qū)可見(jiàn)斑片狀高灌注,腫瘤中存在灌注不均勻現(xiàn)象;B、C:腫瘤實(shí)質(zhì)區(qū)及對(duì)側(cè)正常腦組織區(qū)定位圖及相應(yīng)譜線:腫瘤實(shí)質(zhì)區(qū),Cho峰顯著升高,NAA峰和Cr峰明顯降低,Cho/Cr 6.29、Cho/NAA 22.12、NAA/Cr 1.72;D:病理圖片圖2男,46歲;右額頂少枝星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞瘤(Ⅱ級(jí))。A:3D-ASL CBF圖,腫瘤實(shí)質(zhì)區(qū)呈等、低灌注;B、C:腫瘤實(shí)質(zhì)區(qū)及對(duì)側(cè)正常腦組織區(qū)定位圖及相應(yīng)譜線:腫瘤實(shí)質(zhì)區(qū),Cho峰升高,NAA峰和Cr峰降低,Cho/Cr 2.67、Cho/NAA 5.17、NAA/ Cr 0.54;D:病理圖片F(xiàn)ig. 1Thirty-four years old man, a histologically verif i ed grade Ⅲ anaplastic astrocytomas in the left frontal lobe. A: 3D-ASL CBF Fig, Tumor parenchyma showed patchy high perfusion, the perfusion was uneven. B, C: The location map and the corresponding MRS lines of tumor parenchyma and contralateral normal brain tissue area: the Cho peak signif i cantly rose and the NAA, Cr peak declined signif i cantly in the tumor parenchyma, Cho/Cr 6.29, Cho/NAA 22.12, NAA/Cr 1.72. D: Pathological pictures.Fig. 2Forty-six years old man, a histologically verif i ed grade II oligodendroglioma in the right frontal-parietal lobe. A: 3D-ASL CBF Fig, Tumor parenchyma showed equal or low perfusion. B, C: The location map and the corresponding MRS lines of tumor parenchyma and contralateral normal brain tissue area:the Cho peak rose and the NAA, Cr peak declined in the tumor parenchyma, Cho/Cr 2.67, Cho/NAA 5.17, NAA/Cr 0.54 D: Pathological pictures.

表1高、低級(jí)別組腦膠質(zhì)瘤的腫瘤實(shí)質(zhì)區(qū)1H-MRS代謝物比值的分析Tab. 1Comparison of1H-MRS metablites values in tumor parenchyma between the high-grade and low-grade groups of gliomas

目前,關(guān)于MRS和ASL對(duì)膠質(zhì)瘤分級(jí)的診斷價(jià)值,單獨(dú)研究的較多,而聯(lián)合3D-ASL和1H-MRS對(duì)膠質(zhì)瘤分級(jí)的診斷價(jià)值,研究的較少。本研究在單獨(dú)分析3D-ASL和1H-MRS兩種技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上,并將兩種技術(shù)所有具有分級(jí)意義的參數(shù)聯(lián)合進(jìn)行ROC曲線分析,結(jié)果顯示:3D-ASL+1H-MRS的診斷效能最大(AUC為0.955),3D-ASL次之(AUC為0.923),而1H-MRS最小(AUC為0.871)。單獨(dú)運(yùn)用3D-ASL診斷膠質(zhì)瘤級(jí)別,當(dāng)臨界值為0.676時(shí),其敏感度及特異度均較高(分別為90.3%、92.3%)。單獨(dú)運(yùn)用1H-MRS診斷膠質(zhì)瘤級(jí)別,當(dāng)臨界值為0.81時(shí),其敏感度偏低(64.5%),特異度較高(92.3%)。而聯(lián)合應(yīng)用3D-ASL+1H-MRS診斷膠質(zhì)瘤級(jí)別,當(dāng)臨界值為0.73時(shí),敏感性達(dá)87.1%,特異性達(dá)100%。通過(guò)以上數(shù)據(jù)分析可知,3D-ASL較1H-MRS在診斷膠質(zhì)瘤級(jí)別方面具有更高的診斷價(jià)值;而聯(lián)合應(yīng)用3D-ASL+1H-MRS診斷膠質(zhì)瘤級(jí)別,較單獨(dú)運(yùn)用3D-ASL或1H-MRS具有更高的診斷價(jià)值,且可獲得較高的敏感性和特異性,更有助于準(zhǔn)確地對(duì)高、低級(jí)別膠質(zhì)瘤進(jìn)行分級(jí)。與3D-ASL技術(shù)相比,1H-MRS技術(shù)更易受技術(shù)本身(磁場(chǎng)穩(wěn)定性等)、病變特點(diǎn)(部位、成分等)及患者配合情況等多種因素影響,這或許能解釋本研究結(jié)果中3D-ASL較1H-MRS具有更高診斷價(jià)值,且敏感性及特異性均較高。本組資料中,有3例腫瘤環(huán)壁實(shí)性部分太薄、1例腫瘤強(qiáng)化實(shí)質(zhì)區(qū)病變太小、1例腫瘤內(nèi)出血的高級(jí)別膠質(zhì)瘤病例,均未顯示高級(jí)別膠質(zhì)瘤特點(diǎn)的MRS譜線,但這些病例的3D-ASL灌注圖像均顯示為高灌注。由于MRS反映膠質(zhì)瘤的代謝信息,對(duì)于一些3D-ASL未能準(zhǔn)確分級(jí)的患者,MRS可通過(guò)代謝物的變化反映分級(jí)。本組資料中,有1例高級(jí)別膠質(zhì)瘤患者,3D-ASL顯示為低灌注,而MRS譜線中出現(xiàn)lip峰,提示腫瘤為高級(jí)別。觀察本組資料還發(fā)現(xiàn),低級(jí)別膠質(zhì)瘤瘤周的MRS譜線多數(shù)正常,高級(jí)別膠質(zhì)瘤瘤周的MRS譜線多數(shù)見(jiàn)異常,而3D-ASL瘤周未發(fā)現(xiàn)明確高灌注區(qū),提示在反映膠質(zhì)瘤瘤周組織情況方面,MRS較3D-ASL有優(yōu)勢(shì),這與張玉琴等[13]的研究結(jié)果一致??傊?,MRS和ASL在膠質(zhì)瘤分級(jí)方面各有優(yōu)勢(shì),聯(lián)合應(yīng)用可以明顯提高分級(jí)準(zhǔn)確性。

本研究還有一些不足:如未對(duì)膠質(zhì)瘤瘤周區(qū)的灌注信息及生化信息進(jìn)行研究;樣本量不夠大等。此后會(huì)加大樣本量,再進(jìn)一步深入研究。

綜上所述,單獨(dú)就3D-ASL和1H-MRS兩種技術(shù)而言,3D-ASL具有更高診斷價(jià)值。而聯(lián)合3D-ASL+1H-MRS兩種技術(shù)診斷膠質(zhì)瘤級(jí)別,可以進(jìn)行優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ),較單獨(dú)運(yùn)用3D-ASL或1H-MRS更有助于準(zhǔn)確地對(duì)高、低級(jí)別膠質(zhì)瘤進(jìn)行分級(jí)。

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Comparison of 3D-ASL and1H-MRS magnetic resonance imaging techniques for the preoperative grading of brain glioma

DONG Wei-min, QI Xu-hong, KANG Qun-feng, BI Dong-mei, YU Yang, MENG Fanqi, WEN Zhi-yong*
Department of Radiotherapy, State Grid Corporation of Beijing Electric Power Hospital, Beijing 100073, China

Objective:To investigate the value of three-dimensional arterial spin labeling (3D-ASL) MR perfusion imaging and1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) metabolite in grading the cerebral gliomas.Materials and Methods:3D-ASL and1H-MRS imaging of total 44 patients with pathologically- proved gliomas were retrospectively analyzed. According to the 2007 World Health Organization (WHO) standards, the patients were divided into low-grade glioma group (gradeⅠ—Ⅱ, 13 cases) and high-grade glioma group (grade Ⅲ—Ⅳ, 31 cases), measuring and calculating the values or relative values of CBF and metabolites of the tumor parenchyma and corresponding contralateral tissue for statistical analysis.Results:In the 44 cases of glioma, 3D-ASL related parameters (TBFmax, rCBF1, rCBF2) and1H-MRS related parameters (rNAA, rCr, Cho/Cr, NAA/Cho) had statistically signif i cant differences in the low-grade and the high-grade glioma group (P<0.05), and1H-MRS parameters (rCho, NAA/Cr) had no statistically signif i cant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). By receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, the AUC of TBFmax, rCBF1, rCBF2and rNAA, rCr, Cho/Cr, NAA/Cho was larger than 0.5 in glioma grades, while the AUC of 3D-ASL was 0.923 and the AUC of1H-MRS was 0.871, both were lesser than the AUC of 3D-ASL plus1H-MRS combination (0.955). The sensitivity and specif i city of combiningthe two technologies in differentiating glioma grades were 87.1% and 100% respectively. Conclusions: Separately analysising 3D-ASL and1H-MRS, 3D-ASL has a higher diagnostic value. combining the two technologies, which can complement each other, has a higher diagnostic value than 3D-ASL or1H-MRS in differentiating glioma grades.

Glioma; Spin labels; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Neoplasm grading

國(guó)家電網(wǎng)公司北京電力醫(yī)院放射科,北京 100073

溫智勇,E-mail:wenzhiyong@yahoo. com

2016-09-13

接受日期:2016-10-15

R445.2;R739.41

A

10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2016.11.005

董衛(wèi)敏, 齊旭紅, 康群鳳, 等. 磁共振3D-ASL與1H-MRS對(duì)腦膠質(zhì)瘤術(shù)前分級(jí)的對(duì)比研究. 磁共振成像, 2016, 7(11): 819-824.

*Correspondence to: Wen ZY, E-mail: wenzhiyong@yahoo.com

Received 13 Sep 2016, Accepted 15 Oct 2016

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