姜林,張旭輝
CT指數(shù)及MR成像對(duì)盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移診斷價(jià)值的研究
姜林1,張旭輝2*
目的探討CT指數(shù)及MR成像對(duì)盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移診斷價(jià)值。材料與方法2011年9月到2015年2月選擇在湖北省十堰市房縣人民醫(yī)院腫瘤科就診的56例宮頸癌初診患者,都進(jìn)行CT指數(shù)及MRI成像檢測與對(duì)比,并且進(jìn)行了病理分析。結(jié)果在56例患者中,手術(shù)病理判斷為淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移38例,轉(zhuǎn)移陽性率為67.9%。CT檢測顯示淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移陽性患者的淋巴結(jié)多為原型、中心有壞死、多合并存在包膜外侵,并且大小明顯高于淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移陰性患者(P<0.05)。MRI DWI圖像顯示淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移陽性患者的ADC值明顯低于淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移陰性患者(P<0.05),而eADC值明顯高于淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移陰性患者(P<0.05)。與手術(shù)病理結(jié)果對(duì)比,CT與MR診斷淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的敏感性為97.4%和100.0%,特異性都為100.0%,對(duì)比差異都無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論宮頸癌盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移在臨床上比較常見,可導(dǎo)致CT影像圖特征的變化與MR成像參數(shù)的改變,CT指數(shù)及MRI成像對(duì)盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移都是非常敏感與特異的檢測手段,值得在臨床上推廣應(yīng)用。
淋巴轉(zhuǎn)移;淋巴結(jié);盆腔腫瘤;磁共振成像;體層攝影掃描儀, X線計(jì)算機(jī)
Key wordsLymphatic metastasis; Lymph nodes; Pelvic neoplasms; Magnetic resonance imaging; Tomography scanners, X-Ray computed
宮頸癌是僅次于乳腺癌的第二個(gè)最常見的惡性腫瘤,當(dāng)前在我國的發(fā)病率呈現(xiàn)明顯增加的趨勢,且發(fā)病年齡越來越年輕化[1-2]。目前宮頸癌的病因尚不明確,約75%的病例發(fā)生在絕經(jīng)后的婦女,診斷時(shí)的平均年齡為70歲左右。宮頸癌容易發(fā)生盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移,如果伴有盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移,其5年生存率將由85%~90%下降至50%~55%[3-4]。因此治療前準(zhǔn)確判斷盆腔有無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移可為臨床治療提供重要的信息和指導(dǎo),能提高治愈率和準(zhǔn)確判斷預(yù)后[5]。由于盆腔淋巴結(jié)較隱蔽,臨床無法通過體檢判定,為此需要加強(qiáng)影像學(xué)診斷。CT具有相對(duì)便宜、密度分辨率高、操作相對(duì)簡單,易于發(fā)現(xiàn)腫大的轉(zhuǎn)移淋巴結(jié),特別是螺旋CT具有薄層容積掃描、成像速度快等優(yōu)勢[6-7]。磁共振(MRI)擴(kuò)散加權(quán)成像(DWI)能在活體上進(jìn)行水分子擴(kuò)散測量,也具有無創(chuàng)性、操作簡單等優(yōu)點(diǎn),特別是分析病變內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)及組織成分,反映活體組織功能狀態(tài)[8]。筆者具體探討了CT及MRI成像對(duì)盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移診斷價(jià)值,現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。
1.1 研究對(duì)象
2011年9月到2015年2月選擇在湖北省十堰市房縣人民醫(yī)院腫瘤科就診的56例宮頸癌初診患者。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):經(jīng)病理學(xué)證實(shí)的宮頸癌;臨床資料完整;年齡20~70歲;患者及家屬同意行CT與MRI檢查。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):存在CT與MRI檢查禁忌證;存在腫瘤病史;伴有其他嚴(yán)重疾?。慌R床資料不完整。年齡最小26歲,最大69歲,平均年齡(51.4±3.1)歲;組織病理學(xué)分型:鱗癌40例,腺癌10例,鱗腺癌6例;FIGO分期:Ⅰ期20例,Ⅱ期30例,Ⅲ期6例。
1.2 CT檢查
選擇德國Siemens公司Somatom系列32層螺旋CT掃描機(jī),患者檢查前空腹6 h以上。掃描前10 min肌肉注射鹽酸山崀若堿10 mg,減少腸腔蠕動(dòng)。陰道內(nèi)填塞紗條以便掃描圖像清楚顯示陰道,掃描前2 h口服600 ml溫開水以充盈小腸與大腸,增強(qiáng)大腸與婦科臟器之間的分界及對(duì)比?;颊呷⊙雠P位,行腹部盆腔掃描,雙上臂上舉,掃描范圍自膈面至恥骨聯(lián)合下緣水平。掃描參數(shù):120 kV、250 mA、層厚5 mm、間隔5 mm。在增強(qiáng)掃描中選擇肘靜脈團(tuán)注碘普羅胺(300 mg I/ml),增強(qiáng)參數(shù):劑量1.5 ml/Kg,速度2 ml/s,重建厚度1.25 mm,原始圖像及重建圖像全部送配套工作站。
1.3 MRI檢查
選擇美國INGE公司的超導(dǎo)型磁共振成像儀(Signal 1.5 T),相控陣表面腹部線圈。先行MR常規(guī)平掃,掃描范圍從恥骨聯(lián)合下緣至腹主動(dòng)脈分叉水平,掃描參數(shù):軸面FSE T1WI (TR 600 ms、矩陣224×320、層厚6 mm、層間距1 mm、FOV 36 cm×36 cm,矩陣224×320)、軸面FSE T2WI (FOV 36 cm×36 cm、矩陣224×320、層厚6 mm、層間距1 mm)及矢狀面FSE T2WI (FOV 30 cm× 30 cm、矩陣288×192、層厚6 mm、層間距1 mm)。擴(kuò)散加權(quán)成像檢查以選擇自旋回波-平面回波(SEEPI)成像序列,參數(shù):FOV 38 cm×38 cm、矩陣128×128、層厚6 mm、層間距1.0 mm,掃描時(shí)間15 s。
1.4 觀察指標(biāo)與判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
在CT上觀察盆腔淋巴結(jié)的大小、形態(tài)、壞死與包膜外侵情況。
在MRI圖像中測量表觀擴(kuò)散系數(shù)(ADC,單位為mm2/s)和指數(shù)化表觀擴(kuò)散系數(shù)(eADC,單位為mm2/s),兩者都取平均值、最小值、最大值,測定三次取平均值。
CT及MRI診斷淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移標(biāo)準(zhǔn):宮頸周圍脂肪間隙內(nèi)結(jié)節(jié)影,邊緣不規(guī)則,信號(hào)不均勻,CT或MRI增強(qiáng)掃描出現(xiàn)強(qiáng)化,成簇淋巴結(jié)≥3 枚。
病理診斷淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移標(biāo)準(zhǔn):以圓形或類圓形結(jié)節(jié)灶為淋巴結(jié)形態(tài)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),宮旁淋巴結(jié)定位為雙側(cè)腹膜內(nèi)側(cè)子宮周圍,單個(gè)淋巴結(jié)最小徑≥1.0 cm判斷為淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)方法
表1宮頸癌盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的CT影像學(xué)特征對(duì)比(n)Tab. 1 Comparison of CT imaging features of cervical cancer with pelvic lymph node metastasis (n)
表2宮頸癌盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的MR成像參數(shù)對(duì)比Tab. 2Comparison of MR imaging parametersin cervical carcinoma with pelvic lymph node metastasis
表2宮頸癌盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的MR成像參數(shù)對(duì)比Tab. 2Comparison of MR imaging parametersin cervical carcinoma with pelvic lymph node metastasis
eADC maximum value Lymph node metastasis positive381.08±0.190.76±0.231.49±0.240.35±0.060.23±0.050.48±0.13 Lymph node metastasis negative181.28±0.290.87±0.312.09±0.440.29±0.070.15±0.060.44±0.16 Statistic valuex2=8.238t=3.982t=10.874t=4.113t=5.298t=3.113 P value<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05 GroupsnADC average value ADC minimum value ADC maximum value eADC average value eADC minimum value
表3CT及MR成像對(duì)盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移診斷價(jià)值的對(duì)比(n)Tab. 3The diagnostic value of CT index and MR imaging in the diagnosis of pelvic lymph node metastasis (n)
圖1宮頸癌盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的CT平掃影像學(xué)特征 圖2 宮頸癌盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的MR T1WI影像學(xué)特征圖2宮頸癌盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的MR T1WI影像學(xué)特征Fig. 1CT imaging features of cervical cancer with pelvic lymph node metastasis.Fig. 2MR T1WI imaging features of cervical cancer with pelvic lymph node metastasis.
2.1 淋巴結(jié)病理檢查情況
在56例患者中,手術(shù)病理判斷為淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移38例,轉(zhuǎn)移陽性率為67.9%。
2.2 CT影像學(xué)特征對(duì)比
經(jīng)過CT檢測,淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移陽性患者的淋巴結(jié)多為原型、中心有壞死、多合并存在包膜外侵,并且大小明顯高于淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移陰性患者(P<0.05;表1,圖1)。
2.3 MRI成像參數(shù)對(duì)比
經(jīng)過MR DWI檢測,淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移陽性患者的ADC值明顯低于淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移陰性患者(P<0.05),而eADC值明顯高于淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移陰性患者(P<0.05;表2,圖2)。
2.4 診斷價(jià)值對(duì)比
在56例患者中,CT判斷為淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移陽性37例,陰性19例;而MRI為淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移陽性38例,陰性18例;為此CT與MRI診斷淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的敏感性為97.4%和100.0%,特異性都為100.0%,對(duì)比差異都無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05;表3)。
宮頸癌作為婦科的常見惡性腫瘤,其發(fā)病率在當(dāng)前逐年增長。我國是宮頸癌的高發(fā)地區(qū)之一,并且多數(shù)宮頸癌被發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí),多已進(jìn)入中晚期,已失去手術(shù)治療的最佳時(shí)期,導(dǎo)致宮頸癌患者5年生存率相對(duì)比較低[9]?,F(xiàn)代研究表明宮頸癌治療及預(yù)后與腫瘤的分期、宮頸間質(zhì)浸潤、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、組織學(xué)分級(jí)及患者的年齡、身體狀況有關(guān),而淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移是影響預(yù)后的最重要的因素,并與腫瘤分級(jí)相關(guān)。因此早期發(fā)現(xiàn)、早期診斷宮頸癌的盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移情況,對(duì)改善預(yù)后意義明顯[10]?,F(xiàn)代研究也表明有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的宮頸癌患者預(yù)后差,其失敗原因主要為局部復(fù)發(fā)和遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移。如術(shù)前能準(zhǔn)確判斷盆腔有無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移可為臨床治療提供重要的信息,從而可選擇合理治療方案,提高治愈率[11]。本研究顯示在56例患者中,手術(shù)病理判斷為淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移38例,轉(zhuǎn)移陽性率為67.9%,說明淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移在宮頸癌患者中比較常見。
由于宮頸癌盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的解剖部位隱蔽,難以進(jìn)行觸診和活檢,目前B超、CT和MRI是臨床上了解盆腔淋巴結(jié)有無轉(zhuǎn)移的主要手段[12]。CT的優(yōu)勢在于成像技術(shù)簡單、易于被臨床醫(yī)生所掌握、參數(shù)較少、價(jià)格較為低廉,其圖像定位比較好,增強(qiáng)CT掃描還能顯示淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移大血管的關(guān)系,有利于進(jìn)行臨床診斷[13]。本研究顯示經(jīng)過CT檢測,淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移陽性患者的淋巴結(jié)多為原型、中心有壞死、多合并存在包膜外侵,并且大小明顯高于淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移陰性患者(P<0.05)。不過部分宮旁淋巴結(jié)存在于宮旁組織內(nèi),臨床上容易被忽視,采用宮頸組織內(nèi)注射1%亞甲藍(lán)加細(xì)致的局部解剖有助于識(shí)別檢出。
磁共振擴(kuò)散加權(quán)成像在中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)特別是腦缺血的臨床價(jià)值已被肯定,并廣泛應(yīng)用于前列腺、乳腺、肝臟、淋巴結(jié)、腎臟、脊柱等器官病變的研究[14-15];當(dāng)淋巴結(jié)受到腫瘤浸潤時(shí),腫瘤細(xì)胞核大,導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞內(nèi)外的水分子擴(kuò)散異常,從而在MRI DWI圖像上表現(xiàn)為信號(hào)增高,在ADC圖上表現(xiàn)為信號(hào)降低。本研究顯示經(jīng)過MRI DWI檢測,淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移陽性患者的ADC值明顯低于淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移陰性患者(P<0.05),而eADC值明顯高于淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移陰性患者(P<0.05),不過兩組的數(shù)值間仍有部分重疊,這可能與轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結(jié)的宮頸癌不同浸潤程度、腫瘤組織不同壞死液化程度有關(guān)。比如部分轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結(jié)瘤巢壞死嚴(yán)重,壞死液化的瘤巢內(nèi)水分子擴(kuò)散較自由,因而其ADC值也較高。而部分轉(zhuǎn)移淋巴結(jié)中有部分淋巴結(jié)增生異常明顯,使得水分子擴(kuò)散受限,故其ADC值明顯降低[16]。
早期宮頸癌患者即可發(fā)生盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移,且體積多較小,病理診斷多以淋巴結(jié)的體積大小作為診斷宮頸癌患者盆腔淋巴結(jié)是否轉(zhuǎn)移的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),但是敏感度比較低,容易造成較高的漏診率[17]。而CT對(duì)宮旁淋巴結(jié)檢出及診斷率較低,主要在于該部位淋巴結(jié)解剖位置范圍大,淋巴結(jié)本身細(xì)小,有時(shí)與宮頸腫瘤毗鄰,也導(dǎo)致難以檢出[18]。本研究顯示在56例患者中,CT判斷為淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移陽性37例,陰性19例;而MRI為淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移陽性38例,陰性18例;為此CT與MRI診斷淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的敏感性為97.4%和100.0%,特異性都為100.0%,對(duì)比差異都無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),也說明MRI提高了對(duì)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移診斷的精度。
總之,宮頸癌盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移在臨床上比較常見,可導(dǎo)致CT影像圖特征的變化與MRI成像參數(shù)的改變,CT及MR成像對(duì)盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移都是非常敏感與特異的檢測手段,值得在臨床上推廣應(yīng)用。
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The diagnosis values of CT and MR imaging index for pelvic lymph node metastasis
JIANG Lin1, ZHANG Xu-hui2*
1MR, CT room, Fangxian People's Hospital, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, Shiyan 442100, China
2Department of Radiology, Dongfeng Hospital Affiliated to Hubei Medical College, Shiyan 442008, China
ACKNOWLEDGMENTSScience and technology research project of Shiyan City (No. 14Y52)
Objective:To investigate the diagnosis values of CT and MR imaging index for pelvic lymph node metastasis.Materials and Methods:From September 2011 to February 2015, selected 56 cervical cancer diagnosed patients in Fangxian people's hospital department of oncology, all patients were performed CT and MR imaging detection and contrast, and pathological analysis was performed.Results:In the 56 patients, clinical judgment of lymph node metastasis were 38 patients, the metastasis was 67.9%. CT analysis showed that patients with lymph node metastasis of lymph nodes as the prototype, the central necrosis, and more with the presence of extracapsular invasion, and the size of lymph nodes were significantly higher than that of patients without lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). MRI DWI images showed ADC in patients with lymph node metastasis were signif i cantly lower than in patients without lymph node metastasis (P<0.05), but the eADC were signif i cantly higher (P<0.05). And compared to the pathologic f i ndings, the sensitivity of CT and MRI in the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis were 97.4% and 100.0%, specif i city were all 100%, there was no statistically signif i cant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusions:The cervical lymph node metastasis in clinical is relatively common that can lead to changes in MR imaging parameters and CT image, CT and MR imaging index for pelvic lymph node metastasis are very sensitive and specif i c detections that worth popularizing in clinic.
zhang XH, E-mail: zhangxuhui91@163.com
Received 19 May 2016, Accepted 8 Oct 2016
十堰市科學(xué)技術(shù)研究項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):14Y52)
1. 湖北省十堰市房縣人民醫(yī)院CT、MR室,十堰 442100
2. 湖北省醫(yī)藥學(xué)院附屬東風(fēng)醫(yī)院影像科,十堰 442008
張旭輝,E-mail:zhangxuhui91@163. com
2016-05-19
接受日期:2016-10-08
R445.2;R681.6
A
10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2016.11.011
姜林, 張旭輝. CT指數(shù)及MR成像對(duì)盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移診斷價(jià)值的研究. 磁共振成像, 2016, 7(11): 851-855.*