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乳腺浸潤性導(dǎo)管癌組織中EpCAM、Vimentin、N-Cadherin的表達(dá)觀察

2016-03-23 08:59付麗梅楊名輝付明霞李新軍濱州市人民醫(yī)院山東濱州256601
山東醫(yī)藥 2016年3期
關(guān)鍵詞:乳腺腫瘤乳腺癌

付麗梅,楊名輝,付明霞,李新軍(濱州市人民醫(yī)院,山東濱州 256601)

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·論著·

乳腺浸潤性導(dǎo)管癌組織中EpCAM、Vimentin、N-Cadherin的表達(dá)觀察

付麗梅,楊名輝,付明霞,李新軍(濱州市人民醫(yī)院,山東濱州 256601)

摘要:目的觀察乳腺浸潤性導(dǎo)管癌組織中上皮細(xì)胞黏附分子(EpCAM)、波形蛋白(Vimentin)、N-鈣黏附蛋白(N-Cadherin)的表達(dá)變化,并探討其意義。方法 835例份乳腺浸潤性導(dǎo)管癌組織(觀察組),其中腺腔A型229例份(A組)、腺腔B型[人類表皮生長因子受體2(HER2)陰性]263例份(B組)、腺腔B型(HER2陽性)92例份(C組)、HER2過表達(dá)型90例份(D組)、三陰型161例份(E組),另取60例份乳腺良性病變組織作對照(對照組),檢測各組EpCAM、Vimentin、N-Cadherin,并分析三者表達(dá)與乳腺浸潤性導(dǎo)管癌臨床病理參數(shù)的關(guān)系。結(jié)果觀察組中EpCAM、Vimentin、N-Cadherin陽性率分別為53.4%、11.4%、9.7%,對照組分別為11.7%、0、0,兩組比較,P均<0.05;A、B、C、D、E組EpCAM陽性率兩兩比較(除D組分別與B、E組比較外),A組Vimentin陽性率分別與B、C、D、E組比較,B組Vimentin陽性率分別與E組比較,E組N-Cadherin陽性率與A、B組比較,B組N-Cadherin陽性率分別與C、D組比較,P均<0.05。EpCAM、Vimentin、N-Cadherin表達(dá)均與乳腺浸潤性導(dǎo)管癌腫瘤直徑、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、組織學(xué)分級、ER、PR、臨床分期有關(guān),而且EpCAM與HER2有關(guān)(P均<0.05)。觀察組中EpCAM與Vimentin、N-Cadherin表達(dá)呈正相關(guān)(r=0.214、0.136,P均<0.05),A、C、E組中EpCAM與Vimentin表達(dá)呈正相關(guān)(r=0.301、0.290、0.270,P均<0.05),C、E組中EpCAM與N-Cadherin表達(dá)呈正相關(guān)(r=0.003、0049,P均<0.05)。結(jié)論 乳腺浸潤性導(dǎo)管癌組織中EpCAM、Vimentin、N-Cadherin表達(dá)升高,尤其在三陰型中呈高表達(dá),其可能參與該型乳腺浸潤性導(dǎo)管癌的發(fā)展、轉(zhuǎn)移過程。

關(guān)鍵詞:乳腺腫瘤;乳腺癌;上皮細(xì)胞黏附分子;波形蛋白;N-鈣黏附蛋白

乳腺癌是女性常見惡性上皮性腫瘤,具有較強(qiáng)的異質(zhì)性,其中雌激素受體(ER)、孕激素受體(PR)、人類表皮生長因子受體2(HER2)[1]均為陰性的三陰型乳腺癌具有侵襲性強(qiáng)、預(yù)后不良的特點(diǎn)。研究乳腺癌侵襲性生長的相關(guān)機(jī)制,有助于尋找新的治療靶點(diǎn)。上皮細(xì)胞黏附分子(EpCAM)是一種跨膜糖蛋白,參與信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)、細(xì)胞增殖、分化、遷移等多種生物學(xué)功能[2]。上皮-間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化(EMT)是指在特定的情況下,具有上皮特征細(xì)胞向具有間葉特征細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化的過程,這一過程與腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移密切相關(guān)。本研究通過免疫組化法檢測乳腺浸潤性導(dǎo)管癌組織中EpCAM、EMT標(biāo)志物波形蛋白(Vimentin)、N-鈣黏附蛋白(N-Cadherin)表達(dá)變化,并探討其意義?,F(xiàn)將結(jié)果報(bào)告如下。

1材料與方法

1.1材料收集2000年1月~2009年12月濱州市人民醫(yī)院病理科有完整切片、石蠟檔案及病例資料的乳腺浸潤性導(dǎo)管癌(非特殊型)組織835例份(觀察組),患者均為女性,年齡26~77(50.86±10.22)歲。所有患者均經(jīng)病理證實(shí),且術(shù)前未進(jìn)行任何放療、化療或內(nèi)分泌治療。絕經(jīng)前患者426例,絕經(jīng)后患者409例。腫瘤直徑≤2 cm者344例,2~5 cm者448例,>5 cm者43例。有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移454例,無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移381例。組織學(xué)分級Ⅰ級39例,Ⅱ級350例,Ⅲ級446例。ER陽性 532例,ER陰性303例。PR陽性 512例,PR陰性323例。HER2陽性 182例,HER2陰性653例。臨床分期Ⅰ、Ⅱ級614例,Ⅲ、Ⅳ級221例。根據(jù)免疫組化結(jié)果及2013年St Gallen國際乳腺癌大會乳腺癌分子分型標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分型[3],腺腔A型229例份(A組),腺腔B型(HER2陰性)263例(B組),腺腔B型(HER2陽性)92例(C組),HER2過表達(dá)型90例(D組),三陰型161例(E組)。另取同期60例份乳腺良性病變組織作為對照組。

1.2EpCAM、Vimentin、N-Cadherin檢測方法標(biāo)本以4%甲醛固定,石蠟切片脫蠟至水,PBS洗后對組織進(jìn)行抗原修復(fù),修復(fù)方式采用pH 6.0檸檬酸鹽熱修復(fù),3%過氧化氫封閉內(nèi)源性過氧化物酶,PBS洗后加第一抗體,室溫下孵育60 min,PBS沖洗后加即用型MaxVisionTM試劑,室溫下孵育15 min。PBS沖洗后加新鮮配制的DAB溶液,自來水沖洗,蘇木素復(fù)染,脫水,透明,中性樹膠封固。以PBS替代一抗作為陰性對照。結(jié)果判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn):EpCAM、N-Cadherin陽性定位于細(xì)胞膜或細(xì)胞質(zhì),參照文獻(xiàn)[4]方法計(jì)算陽性率;Vimentin陽性定位于細(xì)胞質(zhì),參照文獻(xiàn)[5]方法計(jì)算陽性率。

1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法采用SPSS20.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件。計(jì)數(shù)資料比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn);相關(guān)性分析采用Spearman相關(guān)分析法。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2結(jié)果

2.1各組EpCAM、Vimentin、N-Cadherin表達(dá)比較觀察組中EpCAM、Vimentin、N-Cadherin陽性率分別為53.4%(446/835)、11.4%(95/835)、9.7%(81/835),對照組分別為11.7%(7/60)、0(0/60)、0(0/60),兩組比較,P均<0.05。A、B、C、D、E組EpCAM陽性率分別為19.2%(44/229)、73.0%(192/263)、48.9%(45/92)、72.2%(65/90)、62.1%(100/161),兩兩比較(除D組分別與B、E比較外),P均<0.05;Vimentin陽性率分別為3.9%(9/229)、11.4%(30/263)、14.1%(13/92)、11.1%(10/90)、20.5%(30/161),A組分別與B、C、D、E組比較,B組與E組比較,P均<0.05;N-Cadherin陽性率分別為7.0%(16/229)、5.7%(15/263)、12.0%(11/92)、12.2%(11/90)、17.4%(28/161),E組分別與A、B組比較,B組分別與C、D組比較,P均<0.05。

2.2EpCAM、Vimentin、N-Cadherin表達(dá)與乳腺浸潤性導(dǎo)管癌臨床病理參數(shù)的關(guān)系EpCAM陽性表達(dá)與乳腺浸潤性導(dǎo)管癌腫瘤直徑、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、組織學(xué)分級、ER、PR、HER2、臨床分期有關(guān),Vimentin、N-Cadherin陽性表達(dá)與乳腺浸潤性導(dǎo)管癌腫瘤直徑、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、組織學(xué)分級、ER、PR、臨床分期有關(guān)(P均<0.05)。詳見表1。

表1 EpCAM、Vimentin、N-Cadherin表達(dá)與乳腺浸潤性導(dǎo)管癌臨床病理參數(shù)的關(guān)系

2.3觀察組中EpCAM、Vimentin、N-Cadherin表達(dá)的相關(guān)性觀察組中EpCAM與Vimentin、N-Cadherin表達(dá)呈正相關(guān)(r=0.214、0.136,P均<0.05)。A、C、E組中EpCAM與Vimentin表達(dá)呈正相關(guān)(r=0.301、0.290、0.270,P<0.05);C、E組中EpCAM與N-Cadherin表達(dá)呈正相關(guān)(r=0.003、0049,P均<0.05)。

3討論

乳腺癌是一種異質(zhì)性很強(qiáng)的惡性腫瘤,根據(jù)ER、PR、HER2及Ki-67的免疫組化染色結(jié)果,可以將乳腺癌分為腺腔A型、腺腔B型(HER2陰性)、腺腔B型(HER2陽性)、HER2過表達(dá)型及三陰型[2]。三陰型乳腺癌由于激素受體和HER2陰性表達(dá),內(nèi)分泌治療和HER2靶向治療藥物都無法使用,對于晚期患者缺乏有效的治療手段,預(yù)后較差。

EpCAM在很多上皮性腫瘤中過表達(dá),如乳腺癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、胃癌等[6]。本研究顯示,觀察組EpCAM陽性率為53.4%,其中三陰型高達(dá)62.1%。Abd等[7]檢測了126例乳腺癌組織EpCAM,發(fā)現(xiàn)EpCAM陽性率為72.2%,其中三陰型為88.9%。Soysal等[4]報(bào)道,1 365例乳腺癌中EpCAM過表達(dá)率為48%,136例三陰型乳腺癌中EpCAM過表達(dá)率為63.8%。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),EpCAM陽性表達(dá)與乳腺浸潤性導(dǎo)管癌腫瘤直徑、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、組織學(xué)分級、ER、PR、HER2、臨床分期有關(guān)。Soysal等[4]也發(fā)現(xiàn),EpCAM表達(dá)與乳腺癌腫瘤分期、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、腫瘤直徑、組織學(xué)分級、ER、HER2相關(guān)。另有研究[8]發(fā)現(xiàn),EpCAM與乳腺癌組織學(xué)分級、腫瘤直徑、病理類型等有關(guān)。李金梅等[9]報(bào)道,EpCAM過表達(dá)與三陰型乳腺癌組織學(xué)分級、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移呈正相關(guān)。體外乳腺癌細(xì)胞株實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示,EpCAM可增強(qiáng)乳腺癌細(xì)胞株增殖活性和侵襲能力[10]。上述結(jié)果提示,EpCAM可能參與乳腺癌特別是三陰型乳腺癌的進(jìn)展和轉(zhuǎn)移過程。

EMT是指上皮性癌細(xì)胞失去其上皮特征,并獲得間葉細(xì)胞特征的一過性過程,其在乳腺癌發(fā)生、進(jìn)展和轉(zhuǎn)移中也發(fā)揮重要作用。Choi等[5]發(fā)現(xiàn),在乳腺導(dǎo)管原位癌向浸潤性乳腺癌轉(zhuǎn)變的過程中,EMT現(xiàn)象增強(qiáng),表現(xiàn)為Vimentin、N-Cadherin等間葉標(biāo)記物表達(dá)上調(diào),E-Cadherin等表達(dá)下調(diào)。Jeong等[11]使用免疫組化法檢測了492例乳腺癌組織Vimentin、N-Cadherin,發(fā)現(xiàn)Vimentin陽性率為8.5%,N-Cadherin陽性率為9.6%,其中在三陰型乳腺癌中Vimentin陽性率為24.5%、N-Cadherin陽性率為13.7%。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),乳腺浸潤性導(dǎo)管癌Vimentin陽性率為11.4%,N-Cadherin陽性率為9.7%,其中三陰型陽性率更高。

乳腺癌組織中EpCAM與EMT關(guān)系的研究較為罕見。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),乳腺癌組織中EpCAM表達(dá)與Vimentin、N-Cadherin表達(dá)呈正相關(guān),在三陰型乳腺癌中也是如此。Ni等[12]發(fā)現(xiàn),EpCAM在前列腺癌中可下調(diào)E-Cadherin表達(dá)。另有報(bào)道,在人類正常乳腺上皮細(xì)胞中EpCAM可降低E-Cadherin表達(dá)。Nagahara等[13]認(rèn)為,肝細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞株過表達(dá)EpCAM時(shí),EMT現(xiàn)象也增強(qiáng)。因此,EpCAM很可能參與乳腺癌EMT過程,但具體機(jī)制尚不清楚。Gao等[14]在體外細(xì)胞實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn),EpCAM參與了TGF-β1介導(dǎo)的EMT,當(dāng)EpCAM過表達(dá)時(shí),可增強(qiáng)TGF-β1介導(dǎo)的EMT,敲除EpCAM可抑制EMT。Philip等[15]認(rèn)為,緊密連接蛋白7可招募并裂解EpCAM,裂解后的EpCAM細(xì)胞內(nèi)片段能促進(jìn)EMT相關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子的表達(dá),在敲除了緊密連接蛋白7的結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞中,Vimentin和纖維連接蛋白水平下降,腫瘤細(xì)胞生長和轉(zhuǎn)移能力下降。

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Expression of EpCAM, vimentin and N-cadherin in breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma

FULimei,YANGMinghui,FUMingxia,LIXinjun

(BinzhouPeople′sHospital,Binzhou256601,China)

Abstract:Objective To observe the expression changes of vimentin, N-cadherin, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma, and to investigate their clinical significance. MethodsTotally 835 cases of breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma tissues (observation group) were divided into 229 cases of luminal A (group A), 263 cases of luminal B [hman epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-] (group B), 92 cases of luminal B (HER2+) (group C), 90 cases of HER-2 with overexpression (group D) and 161 cases of triple-negative subtype (group E). Meanwhile, another 60 cases of benign breast lesions (control group) were also studied. The expression of EpCAM, vimentin and N-cadherin was detected in the observation group and the control group, and their relationships with the clinical-pathological parameters of breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma were analyzed. ResultsThe positive expression rates of EpCAM, vimentin and N-cadherin in the observation group were 53.4%, 11.4% and 9.7% respectively, and those in the control group were 11.7%, 0, 0, respectively. Significant differences were found between the observation group and control group (all P<0.05). The differences were significant in the following comparisons: the multiple comparisons among EpCAM expression of groups A, B, C, D and E (except for D vs B and D vs E); the vimentin expression of group A as compared with that of groups B, C, D and E respectively; the vimentin expression of group B as compared with that of group E; the N-cadherin expression of group E as compared with that of groups A and B respectively; the N-cadherin expression of group B as compared with that of group C and D (all P<0.05). The expression of EpCAM, vimentin and N-cadherin was associated with tumor diameter, lymph node metastasis, histological grade, ER, PR and TNM stage (all P<0.05); in addition, the expression of EpCAM was also related with HER2 (P<0.05). The expression of EpCAM in the observation group was positively correlated with the expression of vimentin and N-cadherin (r=0.214, 0.136; all P<0.05). EpCAM expression was positively correlated with vimentin expression in the groups A, C and E (r=0.301, 0.290 and 0.270, respectively; all P<0.05), and EpCAM expression was positively correlated with N-cadherin expression in the groups C and E (r=0.003,0049; all P<0.05). ConclusionsThe expression of EpCAM, vimentin and N-cadherin increases in the breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma tissues, especially in the triple-negative subtype, which may be involved in the development and metastasis of this type of breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma.

Key words:breast neoplasm; breast carcinoma; epithelial cell adhesion molecule; vimentin; N-cadherin

(收稿日期:2015-09-07)

中圖分類號:R737.9

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A

文章編號:1002-266X(2016)03-0001-04

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2016.03.001

通信作者簡介:李新軍(1980-),男,碩士,主治醫(yī)師,主要研究方向?yàn)槿橄俨±韺W(xué)。E-mail: lixinjunhe@163.com

作者簡介:第一付麗梅(1981-),女,碩士,主治醫(yī)師,主要研究方向?yàn)槟[瘤病理學(xué)。E-mail: fulimeipathology@163.com

基金項(xiàng)目:山東省科技發(fā)展計(jì)劃政策引導(dǎo)類項(xiàng)目(2013YD18032)。

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