王小虎,吳小濤
(1.東南大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院,江蘇 南京 210009; 2.東南大學(xué)附屬中大醫(yī)院 脊柱外科中心,江蘇 南京 210009)
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IL- 1β通過(guò)p38、JNK和NF-κB信號(hào)通路促進(jìn)髓核細(xì)胞增殖
王小虎1,2,吳小濤1,2
(1.東南大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院,江蘇 南京210009; 2.東南大學(xué)附屬中大醫(yī)院 脊柱外科中心,江蘇 南京210009)
[摘要]目的:探討白細(xì)胞介素1β(IL- 1β)對(duì)髓核細(xì)胞增殖的影響,并深入研究其機(jī)制。方法:體外培養(yǎng)人髓核細(xì)胞,用IL- 1β處理髓核細(xì)胞,通過(guò)CCK- 8實(shí)驗(yàn)和Ki67免疫熒光實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)IL- 1β對(duì)髓核細(xì)胞增殖能力的影響。用Western blotting檢測(cè)IL- 1β對(duì)MAPK和NF- κB信號(hào)通路的影響。通過(guò)對(duì)細(xì)胞信號(hào)通路進(jìn)行特異性抑制,觀察上述通路在IL- 1β作用于髓核細(xì)胞過(guò)程中的作用。結(jié)果:CCK- 8實(shí)驗(yàn)和Ki67免疫熒光實(shí)驗(yàn)均提示IL- 1β提高髓核細(xì)胞的增殖能力。Western blotting實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示IL- 1β顯著激活髓核細(xì)胞中的MAPK和NF- κB信號(hào)通路。使用p38、JNK和NF- κB的抑制劑均能明顯抑制 IL- 1β誘導(dǎo)的髓核細(xì)胞增殖,而ERK的抑制劑則不能。結(jié)論:IL- 1β通過(guò)p38、JNK和NF- κB信號(hào)通路促進(jìn)髓核細(xì)胞增殖。
[關(guān)鍵詞]白細(xì)胞介素1β; 髓核細(xì)胞; 增殖; MAPK; NF- κB
腰痛是骨科最常見的臨床癥狀之一,約80%的人在其一生中都會(huì)受到腰痛的困擾[1]。腰痛不僅給個(gè)人、家庭和社會(huì)帶來(lái)了巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān),而且還嚴(yán)重影響了患者的生活質(zhì)量[2]。椎間盤退變被認(rèn)為是引起腰痛的最重要原因[3]。多位學(xué)者證實(shí),在椎間盤退變過(guò)程中,椎間盤細(xì)胞密度隨著椎間盤退變程度的升高而增高[4- 6]。與此同時(shí),退變椎間盤內(nèi)細(xì)胞改變?cè)芯鶆虻纳L(zhǎng)方式,轉(zhuǎn)為團(tuán)簇狀聚集生長(zhǎng)。Johnson等[7]報(bào)道在人退變椎間盤中常常能發(fā)現(xiàn)增殖中的細(xì)胞,特別是在成簇生長(zhǎng)的細(xì)胞當(dāng)中。退變椎間盤內(nèi)常常出現(xiàn)細(xì)胞增殖能力升高,以致于后者已被作為椎間盤退變的一種標(biāo)志物[8- 9]。隨著椎間盤退變,多種炎癥因子的表達(dá)顯著增加。其中,白細(xì)胞介素1β(interleukin 1β,IL- 1β)被認(rèn)為是調(diào)控椎間盤退變的最主要的炎癥因子[10]。大量文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道IL- 1β能促進(jìn)包括腎上腺皮質(zhì)細(xì)胞[11]、平滑肌細(xì)胞[12]、關(guān)節(jié)軟骨細(xì)胞[13]等多種細(xì)胞的增殖。然而對(duì)于髓核細(xì)胞,IL- 1β是否能促進(jìn)其增殖尚無(wú)定論。本研究在體外培養(yǎng)人髓核細(xì)胞,探討IL- 1β是否影響髓核細(xì)胞的增殖,為了解椎間盤退變過(guò)程中髓核細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)、增殖狀況奠定基礎(chǔ)。
1材料與方法
1.1材料
人髓核細(xì)胞和髓核細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)基購(gòu)自美國(guó)ScienCell公司。重組人IL- 1β購(gòu)自美國(guó)Peprotech公司。Cell Counting Kit- 8 (CCK- 8)試劑盒購(gòu)自日本Dojindo公司。兔抗人Ki67抗體購(gòu)自英國(guó)Abcam公司。Alexa Fluor 594驢抗兔IgG抗體購(gòu)自美國(guó)Molecular Probes公司??沽姿峄痯65(P- p65)、p65、P- p38、p38、P- ERK、ERK、P- JNK、JNK、HRP標(biāo)記的抗兔IgG二抗和U0126均購(gòu)自美國(guó)CST公司。SP60025、SB203580和pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate ammonium(PDTC)均購(gòu)自英國(guó)Tocris公司。
1.2方法
1.2.1髓核細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)人髓核細(xì)胞用含2%胎牛血清、1%髓核細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)添加劑和1%青霉素/鏈霉素溶液的髓核細(xì)胞專用培養(yǎng)基,于體積分?jǐn)?shù)5%的CO2中37 ℃下進(jìn)行培養(yǎng)。第5代細(xì)胞用于實(shí)驗(yàn)。
1.2.2CCK- 8實(shí)驗(yàn)將髓核細(xì)胞按照3 500個(gè)·孔-1接種于96孔板。待細(xì)胞貼壁后,向培養(yǎng)基中加入IL- 1β(0.1、1、10 ng·ml-1),繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)48 h。然后棄去培養(yǎng)板中原有培養(yǎng)基,在每孔中加入100 μl新鮮培養(yǎng)基和10 μl CCK- 8試劑,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)4 h后于酶標(biāo)儀450 nm波長(zhǎng)下檢測(cè)各孔吸光度值。為了檢測(cè)信號(hào)通路的作用,我們將信號(hào)通路抑制劑預(yù)處理髓核細(xì)胞后,再加入IL- 1β作用細(xì)胞。細(xì)胞增殖率=(實(shí)驗(yàn)組吸光度-空白孔吸光度)/(對(duì)照組吸光度-空白孔吸光度)×100%。
1.2.3Ki67免疫熒光實(shí)驗(yàn)將髓核細(xì)胞接種于細(xì)胞爬片上。細(xì)胞貼壁后,實(shí)驗(yàn)組加入IL- 1β(10 ng·ml-1),繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)24 h后用PBS洗滌3次,然后用4%多聚甲醛室溫固定25 min。將多聚甲醛洗凈后加入0.2% Triton X- 100破膜15 min,然后置于5%BSA中室溫封閉1 h。隨后用兔抗人Ki67抗體4 ℃孵育過(guò)夜。PBS洗滌5次后加入驢抗兔熒光二抗,室溫孵育2 h。PBS洗滌后加入DAPI于37 ℃下孵育2 min。PBS洗滌5次后甘油封片,于激光共聚焦顯微鏡(日本Olympus公司)下觀察。
1.2.4Western blotting實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)驗(yàn)組加入IL- 1β處理15 min后,提取各組細(xì)胞總蛋白。將蛋白樣品通過(guò)10% SDS- PAGE電泳分離后,恒流(250 mA)轉(zhuǎn)PVDF膜1 h,用5% BSA/TBST封閉1 h,加入一抗4 ℃孵育過(guò)夜,TBST洗膜3次×5 min,加入HRP標(biāo)記的抗兔IgG二抗室溫孵育1 h,TBST洗膜3次×5 min,ECL顯色拍照。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
應(yīng)用SPSS 17.0軟件,采用單因素方差分析和t檢驗(yàn)對(duì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1IL- 1β促進(jìn)髓核細(xì)胞增殖
我們首先用CCK- 8實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)細(xì)胞增殖進(jìn)行分析,研究IL- 1β是否促進(jìn)髓核細(xì)胞增殖。如圖1,IL- 1β在濃度為0.1 ng·ml-1時(shí)即能顯著促進(jìn)髓核細(xì)胞增殖(P<0.01)。在0.1~10 ng·ml-1的濃度范圍內(nèi),IL- 1β均能促進(jìn)髓核細(xì)胞增殖(P< 0.01),且呈濃度依賴性。
為了進(jìn)一步確定IL- 1β對(duì)髓核細(xì)胞增殖的影響,我們進(jìn)行了細(xì)胞增殖標(biāo)志物Ki67的免疫熒光實(shí)驗(yàn)。如圖2,IL- 1β處理組的Ki67陽(yáng)性率顯著高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。
2.2IL- 1β激活髓核細(xì)胞中MAPK和NF-κB信號(hào)通路
為了深入研究IL- 1β誘導(dǎo)髓核細(xì)胞增殖的機(jī)制,我們先用Western blotting實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察IL- 1β是否激活髓核細(xì)胞中的MAPK和NF-κB信號(hào)通路。如圖3,IL- 1β作用髓核細(xì)胞15 min后,p38、ERK、JNK和p65均發(fā)生顯著的磷酸化。
與對(duì)照組相比,aP<0.01
圖1IL- 1β對(duì)人髓核細(xì)胞增殖的影響
Fig 1Effect of IL- 1βon proliferation of human nucleus pulposus cells
A.IL- 1β對(duì)髓核細(xì)胞表達(dá)Ki67的影響; B.統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果,與對(duì)照組比較,aP<0.05
圖2IL- 1β上調(diào)髓核細(xì)胞中Ki67的表達(dá)
Fig 2IL- 1βupregulates the expression of Ki67 in human nucleus pulposus cells
2.3IL- 1β通過(guò)激活p38、JNK和NF-κB信號(hào)通路誘導(dǎo)髓核細(xì)胞增殖
為了探討MAPK和NF-κB信號(hào)通路在IL- 1β誘導(dǎo)髓核細(xì)胞增殖中發(fā)揮怎樣的作用,我們用不同的抑制劑分別預(yù)處理髓核細(xì)胞,隨后加入IL- 1β作用48 h后用CCK- 8檢測(cè)細(xì)胞增殖。如圖4,p38的抑制劑SB203580、JNK的抑制劑SP60025和NF-κB的抑制劑PDTC均能顯著抑制 IL- 1β誘導(dǎo)的髓核細(xì)胞增殖(P< 0.01),而ERK的抑制劑U0126則不能(P>0.05)。
圖3IL- 1β激活MAPK和NF-κB信號(hào)通路
Fig 3IL- 1βactivates MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways
1組:未處理組;2組:?jiǎn)渭僆L- 1β處理組;3組:p38抑制劑SB203580預(yù)處理組;4組:ERK抑制劑U0126預(yù)處理組;5組:JNK抑制劑SP60025預(yù)處理組;6組:NF-κB抑制劑PDTC預(yù)處理組;與單純IL- 1β組(2組)相比,aP<0.01
圖4信號(hào)通路抑制劑對(duì)IL- 1β誘導(dǎo)的髓核細(xì)胞增殖的影響
Fig 4Effect of signaling pathway inhibitors on IL- 1βinduction of nucleus pulposus cell proliferation
3討論
椎間盤退變是多因素共同參與的復(fù)雜的慢性過(guò)程[14]。其中,炎癥因子發(fā)揮了重要作用[15]。le Maitre等[16]通過(guò)比較正常椎間盤和退變椎間盤,發(fā)現(xiàn)在退變椎間盤中顯著高表達(dá)IL- 1β。IL- 1β是一種強(qiáng)有力的促炎癥因子。在椎間盤退變過(guò)程中,IL- 1β扮演了極為重要的角色[10]。IL- 1β不僅能刺激髓核細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生其他細(xì)胞因子,如IL- 6、前列腺素E2(prostaglandin E2,PGE2)等[17],還能上調(diào)基質(zhì)降解酶的表達(dá)和活性,加速細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)的降解[17- 19]。除此之外,IL- 1β還能抑制蛋白多糖和二型膠原的合成,加重椎間盤退變[16]。因此,IL- 1β通過(guò)改變髓核細(xì)胞的分泌表型調(diào)控了椎間盤退變的發(fā)生和發(fā)展過(guò)程。然而,IL- 1β是否會(huì)影響髓核細(xì)胞的增殖目前尚不明確。一些學(xué)者認(rèn)為IL- 1β誘導(dǎo)髓核細(xì)胞凋亡[20- 22],從而導(dǎo)致椎間盤內(nèi)髓核細(xì)胞數(shù)量的減少,進(jìn)一步加重椎間盤退變。但最近的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)IL- 1β不僅不會(huì)抑制髓核細(xì)胞的增殖,而且還顯著激活與細(xì)胞增殖關(guān)系密切的NOTCH信號(hào)通路[23]。
在動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化、慢性肝炎、慢性腎炎等炎癥相關(guān)性疾病中,局部組織高表達(dá)多種炎癥因子,構(gòu)成了一個(gè)炎性微環(huán)境。在這種微環(huán)境下,炎癥因子刺激相關(guān)細(xì)胞異常增殖,在疾病的病理生理過(guò)程中發(fā)揮了重要的作用。在退變的椎間盤中,同樣高表達(dá)IL- 1β、TNF-α等炎癥因子,也存在炎癥因子的微環(huán)境。在這種炎性微環(huán)境的刺激下,髓核細(xì)胞是否也會(huì)出現(xiàn)異常的增殖呢?我們?cè)缙诘难芯恳呀?jīng)證實(shí),在短期刺激下,TNF-α能促進(jìn)髓核細(xì)胞增殖[24]。為了探討IL- 1β是否能誘導(dǎo)髓核細(xì)胞增殖,本研究首先通過(guò)CCK- 8實(shí)驗(yàn),證實(shí)在0.1~10 ng·ml-1的濃度范圍內(nèi),IL- 1β能促進(jìn)髓核細(xì)胞增殖,且具有濃度依賴性。為了進(jìn)一步確定IL- 1β對(duì)髓核細(xì)胞的促增殖作用,我們進(jìn)行了Ki67免疫熒光實(shí)驗(yàn)。Ki67是一種公認(rèn)的細(xì)胞增殖標(biāo)志物。我們的結(jié)果顯示,10 ng·ml-1的IL- 1β顯著提高了髓核細(xì)胞的Ki67表達(dá)陽(yáng)性率。這些結(jié)果提示我們短期的IL- 1β刺激促進(jìn)髓核細(xì)胞的增殖。
文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道MAPK和NF-κB是調(diào)控椎間盤退變的關(guān)鍵信號(hào)通路[19,25]。而且,MAPK和NF-κB也是調(diào)控細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)增殖的重要信號(hào)通路。在本研究中,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)IL- 1β作用髓核細(xì)胞15 min后,p38、ERK、JNK和p65均發(fā)生顯著的磷酸化,表明上述通路被IL- 1β激活,與以往文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致。CCK- 8實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示p38、JNK和NF-κB信號(hào)通路的抑制劑均能在不同程度上抑制IL- 1β誘導(dǎo)的髓核細(xì)胞增殖,而ERK的抑制劑無(wú)效。這些結(jié)果提示在IL- 1β促進(jìn)髓核細(xì)胞增殖的過(guò)程中,p38、JNK和NF-κB信號(hào)通路在其中發(fā)揮了重要的作用。
綜上所述,本研究在體外初步證實(shí)IL- 1β通過(guò)激活p38、JNK和NF-κB信號(hào)通路促進(jìn)了髓核細(xì)胞增殖,為全面了解髓核細(xì)胞在椎間盤內(nèi)炎癥微環(huán)境下的生存、增殖狀況奠定了基礎(chǔ)。與正常椎間盤中髓核細(xì)胞均勻生長(zhǎng)不同,退變椎間盤中的髓核細(xì)胞呈團(tuán)簇狀生長(zhǎng)。這種生長(zhǎng)方式的改變與炎癥因子誘導(dǎo)髓核細(xì)胞異常增殖是否緊密相關(guān),以及它們與椎間盤退變的關(guān)系,均有待進(jìn)一步的研究。
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IL- 1βpromotes the proliferation of human nucleus pulposus cells via p38,JNK and NF-κB
WANG Xiao- hu1,2,WU Xiao- tao1,2
(1.SchoolofMedicine,SoutheastUniversity,Nanjing210009,China; 2.SpineCenter,ZhongdaHospital,SoutheastUniversity,Nanjing210009,China)
[Abstract]Objective: To investigate the effect of IL- 1β on proliferation of human nucleus pulposus(NP) cells.Methods: NP cells were treated with IL- 1β.Cell proliferation was determined by CCK- 8 analysis and Ki67 immunofluorescence staining.To identify the mechanism by which IL- 1β induced proliferation of NP cells,Western blotting was carried out and selective inhibitors of MAPK and NF- κB signaling pathways were used.Results: Treatment with IL- 1β increased cell viability (as determined by CCK- 8 analysis) and the number of Ki67- positive NP cells. IL- 1β activated MAPK and NF- κB signaling pathways in NP cells. Moreover,inhibition of p38,JNK and NF- κB blocked IL- 1β- stimulated proliferation of NP cells. Conclusion: The current findings suggest that the effect of IL- 1β on intervertebral disc degeneration involves promotion of the proliferation of human NP cells via the p38,JNK and NF- κB pathways.
[Key words]interleukin 1β; nucleus pulposus cell; proliferation; MAPK; NF- κB
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671- 6264.2016.01.007
[中圖分類號(hào)]R329.28
[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼]A
[文章編號(hào)]1671- 6264(2016)01- 0032- 05
[通信作者]吳小濤E- mail:wuxiaotao@medmail.com.cn
[作者簡(jiǎn)介]王小虎(1986-),男,湖北黃岡人,在讀博士研究生。E- mail:nk_james@sina.com
[基金項(xiàng)目]國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(81272035);東南大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)科研扶持項(xiàng)目(3290005431)
[收稿日期]2015- 09- 28[修回日期] 2015- 11- 13
[引文格式] 王小虎,吳小濤.IL- 1β通過(guò)p38、JNK和NF-κB信號(hào)通路促進(jìn)髓核細(xì)胞增殖[J].東南大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào):醫(yī)學(xué)版,2016,35(1):32- 36.
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