周方元,李艷,戴雯
(武漢大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院檢驗科,湖北 武漢 430060)
血清總唾液酸、唾液酸酶和超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白聯(lián)合檢測對急性心肌梗死患者診斷和預(yù)后評估的臨床價值
周方元,李艷,戴雯
(武漢大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院檢驗科,湖北 武漢 430060)
目的 探討聯(lián)合檢測血清總唾液酸(TSA)、唾液酸酶(NEU)及超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白(hs-CRP)在急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者的診斷和預(yù)后評估中的臨床價值。方法 收集2015年8~12月武漢大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院的AMI患者210例(病例組)及同期體檢健康者99例(對照組),其中病例組患者根據(jù)AMI類型分為ST段抬高型AMI組(STEMI組)和非ST段抬高型AMI組(NSTEMI組);根據(jù)AMI部位,分為前壁梗死組和下壁梗死組;根據(jù)是否院內(nèi)死亡,分為院內(nèi)死亡組和存活組。分別檢測各組受檢者的血清TSA、NEU、hs-CRP的濃度,并對其結(jié)果進行統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析。結(jié)果 病例組患者的血清TSA水平為717 mg/L,明顯高于對照組的568 mg/L,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(U=2 346.5,P<0.01),血清NEU水平為16.69 ng/mL,明顯高于對照組的13.32 ng/mL,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(U=5 465.0,P<0.01),血清hs-CRP水平為14.34 mg/dL,明顯高于對照組的0.35 mg/dL,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(U=458.0,P<0.01);STEMI組和NSTEMI組之間各指標差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);前壁梗死組患者的血清TSA水平為746 mg/L,明顯高于下壁梗死組的648 mg/L,血清hs-CRP水平為19.63 mg/dL,明顯高于下壁梗死組的7.80 mg/dL,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(U=2 302.5、2 169.5,P均<0.01);院內(nèi)死亡組的TSA水平為948 mg/L,明顯高于存活組的697 mg/L,hs-CRP水平為58.37 mg/mL,明顯高于存活組的11.00 mg/mL,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(U=1006.5、1052.0,P均<0.01);AMI患者血清TSA與hs-CRP呈顯著負相關(guān)(r=0.623,P<0.01);繪制受試者工作特征曲線后顯示,用血清TSA診斷AMI時,曲線下面積為86.0%(P<0.01),用血清hs-CRP診斷AMI時,曲線下面積為97.3%(P<0.01),聯(lián)合血清TSA和hs-CRP診斷AMI時,曲線下面積為97.4%(P<0.01)。結(jié)論 聯(lián)合檢測血清TSA、NEU和hs-CRP對于AMI患者的診斷和預(yù)后評估都具有重要意義。
急性心肌梗死;唾液酸;唾液酸酶;超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白;診斷;預(yù)后評估
急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)是在冠狀動脈狹窄的基礎(chǔ)上,由于粥樣硬化斑塊破裂,導(dǎo)致血小板在破裂處聚集形成血栓而引起的心肌缺血和壞死[1]。我國AMI的發(fā)病率為45/100 000~55/100 000,且國內(nèi)的流行病學(xué)調(diào)查顯示,AMI在小于60歲人群中的發(fā)病率逐漸升高,AMI的發(fā)病年齡呈現(xiàn)年輕化趨勢[2-3]。目前,臨床上主要依靠特征性的心電圖變化、血清標志物的動態(tài)變化等來診斷AMI和監(jiān)測AMI病情變化。AMI的血清標志物除肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)及心肌鈣蛋白I(cTnI)等特異性心肌壞死標志物外,還常用急性炎癥標志物超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白(high sensitivity C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)動態(tài)監(jiān)測病情變化。當機體發(fā)生炎癥時,特別是急性炎癥時,血清中唾液酸(SA)的主要來源是富含SA的炎癥反應(yīng)性蛋白[4],這一過程是通過唾液酸酶(neuramidinase,NEU)的作用完成的[5]。因此,本研究擬通過檢測AMI患者心肌梗死發(fā)生后不同時間段內(nèi)的血清總唾液酸(total sialic acid,TSA)、hs-CRP、NEU等指標的含量,來評價血清TSA與hs-CRP的相關(guān)性、變化趨勢及對AMI的診斷能力,以此評估血清總唾液酸(TSA)、NEU及hs-CRP聯(lián)合應(yīng)用對AMI的臨床價值。
1.1 一般資料 實驗對象為2015年8~12月期間武漢大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科因AMI入院的病例且符合入選標準者。入選標準:(1)符合AMI診斷標準[6-10];(2)從發(fā)病到入院的時間<24 h;(3)臨床資料較為完整全面。共收集到AMI病例210例。另收集了99名同期來院的健康體檢者,歸為對照組。此外,根據(jù)AMI的類型,將病例組再分為ST段抬高型心肌梗死組(STEMI組,98例)和非ST段抬高型心肌梗死組(NSTEMI組,112例);根據(jù)AMI的梗死部位,將病例組再分為前壁梗死組(103例)和下壁梗死組(67例),其余患者為其他部位的心肌梗死,未納入本分組項目;根據(jù)是否發(fā)生院內(nèi)死亡,將病例組再分為院內(nèi)死亡組(33例)和存活組(177例)。實驗對象排除標準:(1)入院時同時患有其他嚴重疾病者,如:腫瘤、感染、卒中、免疫學(xué)疾病、糖尿病及明顯的其他原因所致肝腎功能異常;(2)在住院期間發(fā)生感染中毒性休克等并發(fā)癥者;(3)已經(jīng)接受降脂或溶栓治療者;(4)已進行過透析治療者;(5)年齡<18歲者;(6)臨床資料不完善,缺失關(guān)鍵信息者;(7)住院時間<2 d者。
1.2 觀察指標與檢測方法 觀察兩組受檢者的血清TSA、NEU和hs-CRP水平。(1)標本采集:于清晨空腹靜脈采血兩管,每管約3 mL,離心后取上清,所有標本均無溶血。(2)取血清樣本100μL于生化儀樣品杯中,編號后上全自動生化分析儀機器自動檢測。TSA采用酶分析法測定,hs-CRP采用免疫比濁法測定;另一管-80℃保存,待統(tǒng)一ELISA檢測NEU水平。檢驗過程嚴格按照試劑和儀器操作說明書進行。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法 采用SPSS22.0軟件進行統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析。采用Kolmogorov-Smironv檢驗(K-S檢驗)對數(shù)據(jù)進行正態(tài)分布檢驗。計量資料用中位數(shù)(四分位數(shù))表示,兩組間數(shù)據(jù)比較采用Mann-Whitney U檢驗;多組數(shù)據(jù)之間比較采用非參數(shù)Kruskal-Wallis H檢驗。計數(shù)資料比較采用χ2檢驗。各指標之間的相關(guān)性采用Spearman相關(guān)系數(shù)進行描述。以受試者工作特征曲線(Receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲線)評估各指標及聯(lián)合指標診斷AMI的能力,以二元Logistic回歸計算兩指標聯(lián)合后的預(yù)測概率[11]。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2.1 兩組受檢者的一般資料比較 經(jīng)K-S檢驗發(fā)現(xiàn)各組數(shù)據(jù)均呈非正態(tài)分布。經(jīng)χ2檢驗得出,對照組與AMI組之間,在性別組成上差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2= 0.713,P=0.652)。經(jīng)Mann-Whitney U檢驗得出,對照組與AMI組年齡構(gòu)成差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(U=10 065.0,P=0.652)。與對照組比較,AMI組的血清TSA、NEU及hs-CRP水平都明顯升高,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(U值分別為2 346.5、5 465.0、458.0,P均<0.01),見表1。
表1 兩組受檢者一般資料比較
2.2 血清TSA、NEU和hs-CRP與AMI類型、梗死部位及院內(nèi)死亡的關(guān)系分析 根據(jù)各相關(guān)因素分組后,經(jīng)Mann-Whitney U檢驗得出,在STEMI組與NSTEMI組之間,血清TSA、NEU及hs-CRP水平差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(U=5 235.0、5 277.5、4 844.0,P= 0.565、0.983、0.248);與下壁梗死組比較,前壁梗死組的血清TSA和hs-CRP水平明顯升高(U=2 302.5、216.5,P均<0.01),而血清NEU水平差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(U=3 080.0,P=0.354);與存活組比較,院內(nèi)死亡組的血清TSA、hs-CRP水平明顯升高(U=1 006.5、1 052.0,P均<0.01),而血清NEU水平差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(U= 2 514.0,P=0.384),見表2、表3和表4。
表2 血清TSA、NEU和hs-CRP與AMI類型的關(guān)系
表3 血清TSA、NEU和hs-CRP與AMI梗死部位的關(guān)系
表4 血清TSA、NEU和hs-CRP與AMI院內(nèi)死亡的關(guān)系
2.3 AMI患者血清TSA與hs-CRP的相關(guān)性 在AMI患者中,血清TSA與hs-CRP水平呈顯著正相關(guān)(r=0.623,P<0.01)
2.4 血清TSA和hs-CRP診斷AMI的ROC曲線 繪制ROC曲線后顯示,血清TSA診斷AMI的ROC曲線下面積為86.0%(P<0.01),當約登指數(shù)(Youden index,YI)最大時,YI=0.669,血清TSA濃度為645 mg/L,靈敏度為68.1%,特異度為98.8%。血清hs-CRP診斷AMI的ROC曲線下面積為97.3%(P<0.01),當YI最大時,YI=0.859,血清hs-CRP濃度為2.02 mg/dL,靈敏度為89.4%,特異度為97.3%。聯(lián)合血清TSA與hs-CRP診斷AMI的ROC曲線下面積為97.4%(P<0.01),當YI最大時,YI=0.867,靈敏度為89.4%,特異度為97.3%,見圖1。
圖1 血清TSA、hs-CRP、TSA聯(lián)合hs-CRP診斷AMI的ROC曲線
AMI是在動脈粥樣硬化斑塊破裂、糜爛或血栓形成的基礎(chǔ)上導(dǎo)致冠狀動脈閉塞,進而引起的急性心肌血流量和氧供不足[12]。AMI作為一種致死性的冠心病,是世界上主要死亡原因之一[13],盡管運用了包括溶栓、經(jīng)皮冠狀動脈介入治療(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)和冠狀動脈旁路移植術(shù)(coronary artery bypass grafting,CABG)等在內(nèi)的血運重建技術(shù),已成功降低了AMI患者的死亡率,但是AMI患者仍然面臨著一定的院內(nèi)死亡風(fēng)險[14],并且血運重建術(shù)自身也可引發(fā)一些嚴重的并發(fā)癥,如支架內(nèi)血栓形成、缺血再灌注損傷和PCI后無復(fù)流現(xiàn)象等[15]。因此,AMI及其并發(fā)癥的防治,受到越來越多的關(guān)注。
SA和hs-CRP都是由肝臟合成的一種全身性炎癥反應(yīng)急性期非特異性標志物,正常狀態(tài)下二者在血清中的含量很少,都是心血管事件危險性強有力的預(yù)測因子[16-17]。本研究中證實,在AMI患者中,血清TSA和hs-CRP水平都明顯升高,而與之相關(guān)的NEU的血清水平也隨之明顯升高,一方面說明檢測血清TSA和hs-CRP對于AMI的診斷有一定的臨床意義,另一方面說明在發(fā)生AMI時,血清中NEU的水平明顯上調(diào),將SA從富含SA的急性時相反應(yīng)蛋白中分解下來,側(cè)面印證了急性炎癥時血清中的SA主要來源于急性時相反應(yīng)蛋白這一假設(shè),為進一步研究SA與hs-CRP的關(guān)系奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
hs-CRP和TSA不僅可以監(jiān)測機體的炎癥狀態(tài),對于AMI的病情也有一定的預(yù)估作用[18-19]。本研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),前壁心肌梗死患者血清TSA及hs-CRP水平都顯著高于下壁心肌梗死患者,這與臨床上前壁心肌梗死患者臨床癥狀更危急,死亡率更高是相一致的[20];而院內(nèi)死亡的AMI患者血清TSA及hs-CRP水平都顯著高于存活組,說明二者聯(lián)合檢測可以初步預(yù)估AMI患者的院內(nèi)死亡危險性。不僅如此,研究者還發(fā)現(xiàn),STEMI患者接受PCI術(shù)后,血清內(nèi)高水平的hs-CRP與低心肌灌注量和更長的住院時間有關(guān)[21];而血清高水平的TSA是AS及其并發(fā)癥的長效標志物,與血管病變支數(shù)有關(guān)[22]??梢?,血清TSA與hs-CRP對于AMI的預(yù)后評估具有重要意義。
急性冠脈供血不足時,心肌細胞受到損傷而導(dǎo)致血管收縮和白細胞浸潤,由此激活和啟動炎性介質(zhì)的釋放,炎性敏感蛋白的增加正是對這些介質(zhì)的響應(yīng)[23]。許多急性時相反應(yīng)蛋白在其寡糖側(cè)鏈的終末端位置,都連接著唾液酸殘基而被糖基化,因此檢測SA有助于炎癥疾病的診斷[24]。血清TSA和hs-CRP具有強烈的相關(guān)性。本研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),在AMI患者組,TSA與hs-CRP的相關(guān)性達到0.623,這說明TSA與hs-CRP的含量關(guān)系密切,可見,血清TSA含量的變化是與hs-CRP的含量密切相關(guān)的,在AMI發(fā)生后,檢測血清TSA的含量可以反映機體的炎癥狀態(tài)。
當用血清TSA單獨診斷AMI時ROC曲線下面積為86.0%,用血清hs-CRP單獨診斷AMI時ROC曲線下面積為97.3%,聯(lián)合二者診斷AMI時曲線下面積略微升高為97.4%,且能把持較高的靈敏度和特異度,說明聯(lián)合檢測血清TSA和hs-CRP可以改善AMI診斷的靈敏度和特異度,提高其診斷能力。
目前國內(nèi)外檢測血清TSA,基本采用全自動生化儀的酶法分析,能夠快速、準確地檢測血清TSA。而SA的物理分析方法有多種,包括薄層層析法、分光光度法、核磁共振法[25]、高效液相色譜法、高效液相色譜質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用技術(shù)等。這些技術(shù)不但可以用于生物樣品中SA的分離和測定,還可以區(qū)分不同類型的SA[26],為SA的進一步研究提供了多樣而可靠的手段。
綜上所述,血清TSA和hs-CRP水平在AMI患者中升高,聯(lián)合檢測二者、輔以NEU的檢測,不僅可以提高其診斷AMI的能力,還可以初步評估AMI患者的嚴重程度和院內(nèi)死亡的危險性,具有重要的臨床應(yīng)用價值。
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Clinical value of combined detection of serum total sialic acid,sialidase and high sensitivity C-reactive protein inpatients with acute myocardial infarction.
ZHOU Fang-yuan,LI Yan,DAI Wen.Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University,Wuhan 430060,Hubei,CHINA
Objective To evaluate the clinical value of combined detection of serum total sialic acid(TSA), neuramidinase(NEU)and high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)in the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods Ninety-nine healthy subjects(control group)and 210 AMI patients(case group)who visited the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from August to December 2015 were selected as the study subjects.According to AMI type,the case group was divided into ST segment elevation type AMI group(STEMI group) and non ST segment elevation type AMI group(NSTEMI group).According to AMI site,the patients were divided into anterior wall infarction group and inferior wall infarction group.According to whether the hospital death occurred,the case group was divided into the hospital death group and survival group.The levels of serum TSA,NEU and hs-CRP were detected and then compared between groups.Results Compared with the control group,the levels of TSA,NEU, and hs-CRP in case group were significantly increased[717(612~834)mg/L vs 568(534~605)mg/L,U=2 346.5,P<0.01;16.69 ng/mL vs 13.32 ng/mL,U=5 465.0,P<0.01;14.34 mg/dL vs 0.35 mg/dL,U=458.0,P<0.01].There was no statistically significant difference in the levels of TSA,NEU,and hs-CRP between STEMI group and NSTEMI group.Compared with the inferior wall infarction group,the serum TSA level and hs-CRP level in the anterior wall infarction group were significantly increased(746 mg/L vs 648 mg/L,U=2 302.5,P<0.01;19.63 mg/dL vs 7.80 mg/dL,U=2 169.5,P<0.01). Compared with the survival group,the level of serum TSA and hs-CRP in the hospital death group were significantly increased(948 mg/L vs 697 mg/L,U=1 006.5,P<0.01;58.37 mg/mL vs 11.00 mg/mL,U=1 052.0,P<0.01).Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum TSA and hs-CRP levels were significantly positively correlated(r=0.623,P<0.01)in AMI patients.After drawing the receiver operating characteristic curve,the area under the curve was 86.0%(P<0.01) when the serum TSA was used for the diagnosis of AMI,and the area under the curve was 97.3%(P<0.01)when the serum hs-CRP was used for the diagnosis of AMI.The area under the curve was 97.4%(P<0.01)when combined serum TSA and hs-CRP was used in the diagnosis of AMI.Conclusion The combined detection of serum TSA,NEU and hs-CRP has a certain clinical value for the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation ofAMI.
Acute myocardial infarction;Sialic acid;Neuramidinase;High sensitivity C-reactive protein;Diagnosis;Prognosis evaluation
R542.2+2
A
1003—6350(2016)15—2428—04
10.3969/j.issn.1003-6350.2016.15.006
2016-03-14)
國家自然科學(xué)基金(編號:81572096)
周方元。E-mail:184546159@qq.com