肖立業(yè)
摘 要:初中英語教材的Reading板塊是每單元的重點。文章內(nèi)容豐富,體裁多樣,是學(xué)生接受英語語言信息的重要環(huán)節(jié),然而由于閱讀教學(xué)篇幅長,詞匯量大,語法結(jié)構(gòu)多,造成了相當多教師在閱讀教學(xué)的處理上把握不當。簡化成了這樣的教學(xué)模式:學(xué)習(xí)單詞—串講課文—翻譯課文—逐句找語言點—講解語法知識與練習(xí)—朗讀背誦—鞏固練習(xí)。導(dǎo)致了語言知識的講解占據(jù)了課堂的大部分時間,完整的語篇材料也被分解成孤立的語言教學(xué)。這樣的方式導(dǎo)養(yǎng)學(xué)生的閱讀興趣,提高學(xué)生讀的能力。
關(guān)鍵詞:閱讀文本 教學(xué)策略 CAI課件 提高閱讀興趣 培養(yǎng)閱讀水平
中圖分類號:G420 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1674-098X(2015)08(c)-0241-02
經(jīng)過多年的教學(xué)實踐,結(jié)合教學(xué)案例談一下自己的三步閱讀教學(xué)法。
1 閱讀前(Pre-reading)
在這一環(huán)節(jié)我常用leading in,free talk,discussion,pictures等設(shè)計一些與閱讀相關(guān)的話題來熱身。既可以為閱讀做好鋪墊,可以使學(xué)生明確基本的閱讀方向,又可以在熱身這一環(huán)節(jié)巧學(xué)一些障礙性詞匯。為學(xué)生排除一些必要的閱讀困難。
案例一:
人教版九年級Unit7的閱讀前我利用CAI課件是這樣導(dǎo)入的:
Everyone has hobbies.Whats your hobby?Are you allowed to practice your hobby as much as you would like to?Why or why not?Do you agree with your parents?在free talk中,會用到我備課時預(yù)測的詞,如influence.come true此時我會把它的替換詞匯(新單詞,短語)展示出來:get in the way of,achieve諸如這樣的詞匯學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生在心理上是輕松的,自然的,也有水到渠成的感覺。學(xué)生們在以上問題的引導(dǎo)下,老師預(yù)測的這樣一段話生成了(出示課件):My hobby is playing basketball.(singing\...).I want to be a professional basketball player(singer\...).But I am not allowed to practice playing basketball(singing…)every day. They think my dream is hard to achieve.They think my hobby can get in the way of my school work. But I think I should be allowed to make my own decisions.這樣的導(dǎo)入對本課的閱讀起到了過渡作用,排除了閱讀中障礙性詞匯,也明確了閱讀方向。感覺是很成功的,適時我還會把思想教育于語言教育之中。Though our parents dont allow us to do that,we should know they are caring about us.此時順勢以下面的過渡語Now I know your hobbies and your parentsideas. How about Liu Yu? Is he allowed to practice his hobby as much as he wants?Whats his idea?進入了閱讀的第二環(huán)節(jié)while—— reading閱讀中教學(xué)。
案例二:
在九年級英語Unit 7 Section A 3a 閱讀教學(xué)我是這樣導(dǎo)入的。首先以CAI課件出示一些世界名勝進行Where would you like to visit?Why?的情景會話。在最后有目的的出示埃菲爾鐵塔和巴黎圣母院兩個法國名勝,跟學(xué)生愉快地進行了下面交流:
T:Do you know them?
SS:埃菲爾鐵塔和巴黎圣母院
T:Yes,they are Eiffel Tower and Notre Dame Cathedral.Do you know where they are?
SS:They are in France.
T:what else do you know about France?
學(xué)生們此時的思維相當活躍,他們的參與性、主動性一下子被調(diào)動起來。他們常常是站起來搶著表達。
S1—— Paris is the Capital of France.
S2—— France is in Europe.
S3—— 香水is famous all over the world.
S4—— …
在師生互動、生生互動中,在師生的思維碰撞中,學(xué)生們漸漸提高了聽說能力,也在交流中鋪墊了閱讀教學(xué)。順勢我拋給學(xué)生一個不用回答的過渡問題:Do you want to know more about Paris?Now lets go to the world famous travel spotlight—— Paris.把學(xué)生帶入閱讀中。同時在此環(huán)節(jié)自然巧妙地利用課件學(xué)習(xí)了閱讀中障礙性詞匯Eiffel Tower,Notre Dame Cathedral,church.
2 閱讀中(while-reading)
在此環(huán)節(jié)我常利用scanning和 skimming兩種閱讀方法。根據(jù)這兩個方法所培養(yǎng)的能力我會設(shè)計不同的練習(xí)題,主要以Questions,Judgement,Choice,Match,F(xiàn)ill in the chart等不同任務(wù)形式。下面是我在閱讀教學(xué)中的案例。
九年級英語Unit7 SectionA 3a,Task for Scanning:課件出示下面任務(wù):
There are three parts in this passage.Please read fast and match each part with its main idea.
Part 1 people and language
Part 2 geography position and sights
Part 3 traffic
這個任務(wù)的設(shè)計讓學(xué)生快速瀏覽全文,很輕松的就能連線搭配。學(xué)生們帶著成功的心理,在skimming任務(wù)的引領(lǐng)下進入下一個閱讀環(huán)節(jié),用課件出示下面任務(wù):There are some other new words in the passage.Can you find them out to match the following?
Task 1 for skimming:
(1)think about doing——
(2)put a kind of language into another language——
(3)便利的,方便的——
(4)一般而言,大體上說——
此任務(wù)引領(lǐng)學(xué)生細讀課文,猜測詞義。培養(yǎng)學(xué)生推測詞義的能力及在語境中學(xué)習(xí)生詞的科學(xué)方法。
Task 2 for skimming:
What kinds of things do you like about Paris?
What kinds of things do you dislike about Paris?
學(xué)生細讀課文分別找出了這樣的語句:
Likes:(1)Paris is one of the liveliest cities in Europe.(2)There are some fantastic sights ,including the Eiffel Tower and Notre Dame Cathedral.(3)Its very convenient to take the underground train to most places in Paris.(4)Wine isnt expensive.
Dislikes:(1)It doesnt have beaches or mountains in Paris.(2)Traveling around Paris by taxi can cost a lot of money.(3)In general ,F(xiàn)rance is quite an expensive place.(4)Unless you speak French yourself,its best to take someone who can translate things for you.
以上任務(wù)的完成,完全可以使學(xué)生理解文章學(xué)習(xí)需要掌握的生詞短語,也沒有必要用傳統(tǒng)的翻譯來講解課文,學(xué)生感到乏味。
堅持不懈的以scanning和skimming,
并通過科學(xué)合理的導(dǎo)讀任務(wù),學(xué)生的閱讀水平會逐步提高的。至于文中的語言點、語法結(jié)構(gòu),可以在讀后活動中加以強化訓(xùn)練,沒必要在閱讀中肢解文章。
3 閱讀后(Post-reading)
在scanning,skimming的閱讀理解完成后,為了進一步檢驗學(xué)生的理解與掌握情況,我常以有意義的課文討論代替背誦(案例一),以提供關(guān)鍵詞幫學(xué)生復(fù)述的形式或挖去重點詞匯和短語來填空的形式(案例二),或是限定使用閱讀中出現(xiàn)的好詞好句等仿寫來鞏固(案例三)。下面是我閱讀后的三則任務(wù)活動案例。
案例一:
九年級教材Unit7在處理Scanning,skimming的任務(wù)后,我以下面的幾個討論題幫學(xué)生進行了語言輸出。
(1)T:If you go to visit Paris,what will you take?And why?
S1:Ill take enough money because Paris is quite an expensive place.
S2:Ill take a camera because there are many fantastic sights there.
S3:Ill take a translator with me because I cant speak French.
(2)T:When you are in Paris,how will you travel around?
(3)T:What will you buy for your friendsor family members before yoy leave?
此環(huán)節(jié)這些問題的提出又把學(xué)生的熱情點燃。他們積極踴躍,把課文內(nèi)容運用的恰到好處,這樣的處理遠遠優(yōu)于被動地背誦課文,我們都知道:閱讀的最終目的是達到語言的運用。
案例二:
閱讀理解完成后,我安排了挖空關(guān)鍵詞語讓學(xué)生復(fù)述的形式進行語言輸出:(課件)
Martin used to be a problem child after his fathers__.He used to__a lot of trouble for___and his family .He didnt use to be interested in his study and he often__ __ __ __the police.__ __ he was such a bad boy, his mother was__and never __ __ trying to help him.Instead,she__ __ __to taking care of her son. A conversation with his mother changed his life.__ __ __,he became one of the best students __ __ __.He __ __causes problems for his mother and himself.Now his mother __ __ __ her son now.
案例三:
在處理完九年級unit8 3a的Scanning,skimming后,我安排的仿寫練習(xí)。
Here are three of the students who want to join the school volunteer.
根據(jù)表格內(nèi)容仿寫,要求用到put this love to good use,not only…but also…,
開頭和結(jié)尾已給出。(出示課件)
Writing:
Many students want to join the school volunteer project.Xu Hui lov
es______________________________________________________________
If everyone makes a contribution to helping others,our society will become more beautiful.
4 結(jié)語
閱讀是英語學(xué)習(xí)的一項基本要求,也是提高英語水平的重要途徑。閱讀能力的提高是一個逐步積累的漸進過程。只有充分利用課堂這一主陣地,以先進的多媒體作為輔助手段,科學(xué)地對學(xué)生進行閱讀訓(xùn)練,學(xué)生的閱讀能力才會提高。
參考文獻
[1]張俊敏.優(yōu)化初中英語閱讀教學(xué)的實踐研究[J].中小學(xué)外語教學(xué)(中學(xué)篇),2010(7):36-39.
[2]冒曉飛.激活初中英語閱讀課堂的策略與方法[J].中小學(xué)外語教學(xué)(中學(xué)篇),2009(10):14-19.
[3]王媛.有效閱讀教學(xué)設(shè)計實例解析[J].中小學(xué)外語教學(xué)(中學(xué)篇),2009(8):1-7.