邸霞 趙彥 曹瑋瑋 王剛 倫鵬
計(jì)算機(jī)塑形鈦網(wǎng)顱骨缺損修補(bǔ)術(shù)治療額眶骨纖維異常增殖癥的臨床療效
邸霞1趙彥2曹瑋瑋2王剛2倫鵬2
目的探討額-眶骨纖維異常增殖癥的手術(shù)方法,評(píng)價(jià)視神經(jīng)管減壓+計(jì)算機(jī)塑形鈦網(wǎng)顱骨缺損修補(bǔ)術(shù)的手術(shù)療效。方法回顧性分析青島療養(yǎng)院眼科2005至2013年收治的25例纖維異常增殖癥患者的臨床資料,并進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。結(jié)果隨訪1~9年,13例患者病變呈自限性傾向,無(wú)明顯進(jìn)展,1例患者額顳部凸面隆起加重但視力仍未受影響;2例隨訪患者患眼視力逐漸減退,改行手術(shù)治療視力改善,9例手術(shù)患者10只視力受影響的眼中4只視力改善,患者面容皆明顯改觀,效果滿意。全部手術(shù)病例的病變骨質(zhì)病理學(xué)檢查結(jié)果均為骨纖維結(jié)構(gòu)不良。結(jié)論累及額-眶的骨纖維異常增殖癥伴視力下降的患者,行病變骨切除+保留眶壁骨皮質(zhì)患側(cè)視神經(jīng)管減壓+計(jì)算機(jī)塑形鈦網(wǎng)顱骨缺損修補(bǔ)術(shù),可有效防止視力下降,減少并發(fā)癥。
骨纖維異常增殖癥;視神經(jīng)管;顯微手術(shù)
骨纖維異樣增殖癥是指骨的纖維組織的增生、變性,通過(guò)化生而形成的骨為幼稚的交織骨,又稱骨纖維結(jié)構(gòu)不良。目前發(fā)病原因不明,有的認(rèn)為是內(nèi)分泌紊亂所致,也有認(rèn)為是骨的發(fā)育異常所致。累及額、眶骨的骨纖維異常增殖癥??蓪?dǎo)致患者的視力下降、眼球突出及面容改變等,20%~35%的顱面部骨纖維結(jié)構(gòu)不良患者存在視力受損[1]。本研究總結(jié)青島療養(yǎng)院眼科2005至2013年接診的額-眶骨纖維異常增殖癥患者25例,16例隨訪(2例隨訪過(guò)程中改行手術(shù)治療),9例手術(shù)治療,結(jié)果總結(jié)如下。
一、一般資料
本組病例男性11例,女性14例;年齡14~41歲,平均(19.2±6.36)歲;病程1~34年;雙側(cè)額、眶骨隆起變形8例,單側(cè)額、眶骨隆起變形17例;單側(cè)突眼的8例;雙眼視力進(jìn)行性下降1例,單眼視力下降5例。
二、影像學(xué)檢查
25例患者均行頭顱CT三維重建檢查,示額、眶骨受累骨質(zhì)異常增厚,最厚達(dá)5 cm,呈“毛玻璃樣改變”;12只視力下降患眼視神經(jīng)孔不同程度變形,患側(cè)額竇、篩竇明顯縮小。11例手術(shù)患者均按顱腦CT三維重建數(shù)據(jù)訂制塑形鈦網(wǎng)(圖1)。
圖1 患者術(shù)前術(shù)后的顱腦CT成像
三、手術(shù)方法
11例患者行病變骨切除+視神經(jīng)管減壓+計(jì)算機(jī)塑形鈦網(wǎng)顱骨缺損修補(bǔ)術(shù),其中1例行雙側(cè)視神經(jīng)管減壓術(shù),10例行單側(cè)視神經(jīng)管減壓術(shù)。取冠狀頭皮切口,皮瓣翻向前下,以開(kāi)顱鉆、銑刀、磨鉆、咬骨鉗交替切除病變骨至眶上裂(圖2)。分離硬腦膜-眶頂骨間隙,以磨鉆清除病變骨質(zhì)。將視神經(jīng)管上、內(nèi)、外三壁清除減壓。前顱底鼻竇旁病變骨不必過(guò)分磨除,防止發(fā)生腦脊液鼻漏。
圖2 患者行病變骨切除+視神經(jīng)管減壓+計(jì)算機(jī)塑形鈦網(wǎng)顱骨缺損修補(bǔ)術(shù)術(shù)中所見(jiàn)
本研究共25例患者,其中進(jìn)行手術(shù)的12只眼,術(shù)后早期4只出現(xiàn)視力下降,均經(jīng)靜脈應(yīng)用甲強(qiáng)龍保護(hù),術(shù)后1~2周復(fù)查視力,至出院時(shí)6只較術(shù)前視力改善。未行手術(shù)治療者,隨訪期間病情無(wú)明顯進(jìn)展。術(shù)后4例患者出現(xiàn)皮下積液,穿刺抽吸并適度加壓后治愈,無(wú)感染病例。
全部病例術(shù)中切除的病變骨質(zhì)皆行病理學(xué)檢查,結(jié)果均為骨纖維性結(jié)構(gòu)不良。
11例患者術(shù)后隨訪1~9年?;颊咝g(shù)后長(zhǎng)期視力穩(wěn)定,額眶外觀滿意。復(fù)查頭部CT示硬腦膜外積液吸收,鈦板無(wú)位移,視神經(jīng)管無(wú)再次縮窄。
骨纖維異常增殖癥病因不明,好發(fā)于兒童及青少年,女男比例接近,男性偏多女性偏多的文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道均有[2-3]。本組病例中女性多于男性。顱骨纖維異常增生癥病程長(zhǎng),進(jìn)展緩慢。從病理學(xué)角度看看,顱骨纖維異常增生是正常顱骨成熟階段的特發(fā)性滯留,是最多見(jiàn)的一種瘤樣增生[4-5]。顱骨纖維結(jié)構(gòu)不良占所有骨纖維結(jié)構(gòu)不良的1/5~1/3,其中單發(fā)顱骨者占70%,多發(fā)顱骨者占30%[6];累及額-眶的骨纖維結(jié)構(gòu)不良在顱骨纖維結(jié)構(gòu)不良中占20%[7]。
對(duì)骨纖維結(jié)構(gòu)不良的診斷CT較MRI具有明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì),目前頭顱CT平掃并顱骨三維重建可基本明確診斷骨纖維異常增殖癥及其病變范圍,能夠清楚地顯示病變區(qū)的視神經(jīng)管、眶上裂受壓迫和狹窄的程度,對(duì)指導(dǎo)術(shù)中切除病變骨質(zhì)的范圍、方向、程度,避免副損傷,有較大的幫助[8]。
Chen和Fairholm[10]認(rèn)為在短期內(nèi)視力減退或突然喪失以及影像學(xué)檢查示視神經(jīng)管狹窄的患者應(yīng)行視神經(jīng)減壓術(shù)。而Selmani等[11]認(rèn)為對(duì)于那些視力較好或接近正常視力者如無(wú)明顯變化可不做手術(shù)。本組病例全部選擇年滿14周歲患者,但均為幼年時(shí)發(fā)病,其中超過(guò)一半病例成年后視力仍良好;其中2例病例經(jīng)過(guò)多年靜止期后病情再次進(jìn)展,并出現(xiàn)視力下降。是否影響視力才應(yīng)作為是否手術(shù)的重要指標(biāo);考慮到兒童顱骨生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育未完全,鈦板修補(bǔ)不能很好適應(yīng)顱骨的發(fā)育,針對(duì)兒童不建議過(guò)于積極手術(shù)。隨著人們對(duì)生活質(zhì)量要求的提高,面容因素也成為越來(lái)越重要的手術(shù)指標(biāo),成年患者無(wú)視力障礙也可根據(jù)患者意愿手術(shù)治療。在患者出現(xiàn)視力下降時(shí),越早治療效果越好,尤其是在癥狀出現(xiàn)的第一個(gè)月內(nèi),早期診斷及早期手術(shù)是取得良好治療效果的關(guān)鍵[12-13]。
目前國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)額-眶骨纖維異常增殖癥的手術(shù)入路選擇已趨成熟,但由于病變顱骨所涉及范圍,病變多侵犯板障松質(zhì)骨,以顱骨外板受累隆起為主,因此手術(shù)治療上建議以視神經(jīng)管和眶上裂減壓為主,盡量保留眶壁骨皮質(zhì),有利于減少術(shù)后眶內(nèi)組織受壓移位,出現(xiàn)眼球外凸、復(fù)視、眼球運(yùn)動(dòng)受限等并發(fā)癥。板障及顱骨凸面的病變骨應(yīng)盡量切除,以計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)字重建塑形的鈦網(wǎng)修復(fù)顱骨缺損,恢復(fù)患者面容對(duì)稱、美觀完全可以做到。
綜上所述,累及額-眶的骨纖維異常增殖癥伴視力下降的患者應(yīng)一期行病變骨切除+保留眶壁骨皮質(zhì)患側(cè)視神經(jīng)管減壓+計(jì)算機(jī)塑形鈦網(wǎng)顱骨缺損修補(bǔ)術(shù),可有效防止視力下降、美觀面容。對(duì)于無(wú)視力減退的兒童患者不建議積極手術(shù)。
[1]Adada B,Mefty O.Fibrous dysplasia of the clivus[J].Neurosurgery,2003,52(2):318-322.
[2]楊樹(shù)源,只達(dá)石.神經(jīng)外科學(xué)[M].北京:人民衛(wèi)生出版社, 2008:793-795.
[3]李鐘銘,杜長(zhǎng)生.顯微手術(shù)治療額-眶-蝶骨纖維異常增殖癥[J].中國(guó)臨床神經(jīng)外科雜志,2012,17(2):76-78,87.
[4]殷大力,劉浩成,張?zhí)烀?外科治療顱骨纖維性結(jié)構(gòu)不良[J].中華神經(jīng)外科雜志,2004,20(5):421-423.
[5]劉復(fù)生,劉彤華.腫瘤病理學(xué)[M].北京:中國(guó)協(xié)和醫(yī)科大學(xué)出版社,1997:940-941.
[6]Sharma RR,Mahapatra AK,Pawar SJ,et al.Symptomatic cranial fibrous dysplasias:clinico radiological analysis in aseries of eight operative cases with follow-up results[J].J Clin Neurosci,2002,9(4):381-390.
[7]J ackson IT,Hide TA,Gomuwka PK,et al.Treatment of cranio orbital fibrous dysplasia[J].J Maxillofac Surg,1982, 10(3):138-141.
[8]Sharma RR,Mahapatra AK,Pawar SJ,et al.Symptomatic cranial fibrous dysplasias:clinico radiological analysis in a series of eight operative cases with follow-up results[J].J Clin Neurosci,2002,9(4):381-390.
[9]Maher CO,Friedman JA,Meyer FB,et al.Surgical treatment of fibrous dysplasia of the skull in children[J]. Pediatr Neurosurg,2002,37(2):87-92.
[10]Chen YR,Fairholm D.Fronto-orbito-sphenoid fibrous dysplasia [J].Ann Plastic Surg,1985,15(3):190-203.
[11]Selmani Z,Aitasalo K,Ashammakhi N.Fibrous dysplasia of the sphenoid sinus and skull base presents in an adult with localized temporal headache[J].J Craniofac Surg,2004,15(2): 261-263.
[12]Tan YC,Yu CC,Chang CN,et al.Optic nerve compression in craniofacial fibrous dysplasia:the role and indications for decompression[J].Plast Reconstr Surg,2007,120(7): 1957-1962.
[13]Valentini V,Cassoni A,Marianetti TM,et al.Craniomaxillofacial fibrous dysplasia:conservative treatment or radical surgery. A retrospective study on 68 patients[J].Plast Reconstr Surg, 2009,123(2):653-660.
The clinical observation of the treatment of fibrous dysplasia of ossa orbitale by computer modeled titamium mesh skull cranioplasty
Di Xia1,Zhao Yan2,Cao Weiwei2,Wang Gang2, Lun Peng2.
1Department of Ophthalmology,Qingdao Sanatorium of Shandong Province,Qingdao, 266071.2Department of Neurosurgery,The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University,Qingdao 266000. Corresponding author:Zhao Yan,Email:36688416@qq.com
ObjectiveTo investigate the operation method of the patients with fronto-orbital fibrous dysplasia and to evaluate the curative effects of optic canal decompression and cranioplasty by computer shaping titanium mesh.MethodsThe clinical data of 25 patients with fronto-orbital fibrous dysplasia who were treated in the Department of Ophthalmology of Qingdao Sanatorium of Shandong Province from 2005 to 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsPatients were followed up for 1~9 years,13 cases have self limiting tendency without significant progress,1 case with frontotemporal convex uplift increased without affected the vision,2 cases were treated by operation after the visual decreased,4 of 10 eyes of 9 cases the visual improved,all of them with face significantly improved were satisfied.The pathological examination results showed all bone lesions were bone fibrous dysplasia.ConclusionsPatients underwent pathological bone resection and retained orbital wall bone cortex optic canal decompression and cranioplasty by computer shaping titanium mesh with fibrous dysplasia involving the fronto-orbital with vision decreased can effectively prevent vision loss and reduce complications.
Fibrous dysplasia of bone;Optic canal;Microsurgery
2015-02-12)
(本文編輯:楊藝)
10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-9141.2015.03.003
山東省青島療養(yǎng)院眼科1;青島大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院2
趙彥,Email:36688416@qq.com
邸霞,趙彥,曹瑋瑋,等.計(jì)算機(jī)塑形鈦網(wǎng)顱骨缺損修補(bǔ)術(shù)治療額眶骨纖維異常增殖癥的臨床觀察[J/CD].中華神經(jīng)創(chuàng)傷外科電子雜志,2015,1(3):136-138.