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辣椒胞質(zhì)不育系與保持系花藥的細胞學(xué)和蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)差異分析

2015-06-05 15:32呂曉菡方獻平柴偉國馬俊平周毅飛
關(guān)鍵詞:保持系胞質(zhì)花藥

呂曉菡,方獻平,柴偉國*,馬俊平,周毅飛

(1.杭州市農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究院蔬菜研究所,杭州310024;2.杭州市農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究院生物技術(shù)研究所,杭州310024;3.浙江大學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)與生物技術(shù)學(xué)院,杭州310058)

辣椒胞質(zhì)不育系與保持系花藥的細胞學(xué)和蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)差異分析

呂曉菡1,方獻平2,柴偉國1*,馬俊平3,周毅飛1

(1.杭州市農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究院蔬菜研究所,杭州310024;2.杭州市農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究院生物技術(shù)研究所,杭州310024;3.浙江大學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)與生物技術(shù)學(xué)院,杭州310058)

為了解辣椒胞質(zhì)雄性不育系與保持系花藥的細胞學(xué)和蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)差異,以辣椒胞質(zhì)不育系和保持系花蕾發(fā)育的6個不同時期的花藥為材料,以石蠟切片于Leica DM1000顯微鏡下觀察其發(fā)育過程的差異.然后利用SDSPAGE進行花藥蛋白分離,經(jīng)LC-MS/MS質(zhì)譜技術(shù)和蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)分析對差異蛋白質(zhì)條帶進行鑒定.結(jié)果顯示:花粉敗育發(fā)生在四分體形成以后,與絨氈層細胞的過度液泡化及四分體周圍的胼胝質(zhì)不能解體有關(guān).另外,與辣椒保持系相比,在不育系花藥蛋白中有4條差異蛋白質(zhì)條帶(條帶1~4)表達量下調(diào),質(zhì)譜分析后共鑒定出蛋白質(zhì)68個,其中不重復(fù)蛋白質(zhì)64個.對質(zhì)譜數(shù)據(jù)利用UniProt數(shù)據(jù)庫進行搜索鑒定,鑒定出的蛋白質(zhì)按分子功能歸類,涉及催化作用的蛋白質(zhì)最多有24個;按細胞組分歸類,涉及細胞內(nèi)膜組織的最多有20個.按生物學(xué)過程歸類,參與代謝過程的最多有24個.這說明在四分體形成以后,胞質(zhì)雄性不育系花藥的物質(zhì)和能量代謝出現(xiàn)異常,導(dǎo)致絨氈層異常膨大,四分體不能獲得物質(zhì)和能量從而敗育.另外,這也充分說明本研究通過蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)分析鑒定出的差異蛋白質(zhì)可初步解釋胞質(zhì)雄性不育系與保持系在細胞學(xué)上的差異表現(xiàn).

辣椒;細胞質(zhì)雄性不育;花藥;細胞學(xué);蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)

SummaryCytoplasmic male sterility(CMS)lines are the excellent materials for studying the cytoplasmic and nuclear cytoplasmic interaction and have important application and theoretical value for CMS research.Three-line hybrid seed production could not only reduce the trouble of manual emasculation and seed costs,but also protect the purity of hybrid seeds.Therefore,the production of hybrid seed using CMS lines has a great potential and market demand in the pepper production.With the continuous development of science and technology,proteomics has become an important tool to decipher the biological gene function and contribute to the plant breeding.Proteome analyses helped to explore the important plant genes,thus speeding up the process of plant breeding and geneticsresearch.However,the current researchs on male sterile pepper were mostly concentrated in the physiological and biochemical indexes and the male sterile gene.The relevant report on CMS pepper protein was relatively less,and the research of sterile anther protein was even more rarely reported.Therefore,the aim of this study was to preliminarily identify the differences of cytology and proteomics involved in the peppers’anther of CMS line and its maintainer line.

The anthers at six different stages were used in the experiment.At first,the paraffin sections of anthers were observed and used to study the differences between CMS line and its maintainer line from the apparent characteristics,and then SDS-PAGE was used for anther protein separation and identification.Differential protein bands separated by SDS-PAGE,and the proteome profiles of the differential protein bands were further analyzed and identified by LC-MS/MS and proteomics analysis.

The results showed that pollen abortion occurred after metaphase.The main reason was that the callose surrounding the tetrad didn’t disintegrate normally and the tapetum cells were excessive vacuolation.Onedimensional SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that,compared with its maintainer line,there were four fewer protein bands in CMS line.A total of 64 non-redundant proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS,including 12 unique proteins from band 1,9 unique proteins from band 2,21 unique proteins from band 3,18 unique proteins from band 4,and 2 proteins from both band 1 and band 3,1 protein from both band 2 and band 3,1 protein from both band 3 and band 4.Among them,24 proteins were involved in catalysis according to molecular function;20 proteins were involved in cell endometrial tissue according to cellular components;and 24 proteins were involved in the metabolic process according to biological processes.

In conclusion,pepper CMSis mostly caused by pollen abortion.Pollen sterility is directly or indirectly related to abnormal tapetum and the lack of callose disintegration.After the differential proteome analysis between pepper CMS line and its maintainer line,we find that after metaphase,due to the decreased expression involving substance and energy metabolism in a part of the protein in the anther of male sterile line,the tapetum cells develop abnormally and the four separate microspores in development can not obtain matter and energy.Then pollen might be abortion.Therefore,in this study,the differential proteins identified by proteomics analysis can preliminarily explain the differences in cytology.

胞質(zhì)雄性不育(cytoplasmic male sterility,CMS)是一種廣泛存在于高等植物中,由核基因和細胞質(zhì)基因共同控制的生物學(xué)現(xiàn)象.細胞質(zhì)雄性不育系是研究細胞質(zhì)遺傳和核質(zhì)互作的極好材料,對CMS的研究具有重要的應(yīng)用和理論價值[1].辣椒雜種優(yōu)勢顯著,但母本去雄費時費工,且雜交種子純度難以保證.而利用CMS三系配套法生產(chǎn)雜交種子,不但可減少人工去雄的麻煩,降低制種成本,而且能保障雜交種子的純度[2].目前,國內(nèi)外已選育出多個辣椒胞質(zhì)雄性不育系,并逐步應(yīng)用于辣椒雜交種子的生產(chǎn)[3].因此,利用CMS三系配套法生產(chǎn)雜交種子在辣椒生產(chǎn)上具有極大的潛力和市場需求.

隨著研究的不斷深入及其相關(guān)技術(shù)的不斷完善,蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)技術(shù)作為當(dāng)今生命科學(xué)的研究熱點,已經(jīng)成為生物學(xué)中破譯基因功能和貢獻于育種程序的重要途徑,建立植物的蛋白質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)庫對于研究植物遺傳育種有重要意義;通過蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)分析也有助于確定植物優(yōu)良性狀基因,從而加快植物遺傳育種的進程.如今,蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)技術(shù)已經(jīng)成為研究大田作物內(nèi)在生理生化機制的強有力工具[4-5];它已經(jīng)被廣泛用于水稻[6-8]、小麥[9]、堿蓬[10]、油菜[11]和大豆[12]等作物的分子機制研究中.

1 材料與方法

1.1 供試材料

較穩(wěn)定的1對辣椒細胞質(zhì)不育系(DH-01-1-1A)和保持系(DH-01-1-1B),由杭州市農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究院蔬菜研究所提供.

1.2 供試樣品的制備

供試的辣椒材料于2012年12月上旬開始播種,2013年3月下旬移栽入大棚,至2013年6月上旬辣椒材料進入盛花期,在上午8:00—9:00將花蕾按從小到大分為6個不同時期采摘(圖1).然后,用鑷子將花蕾中的花藥剝離出備用(圖2).

圖1 辣椒6個不同發(fā)育時期的花蕾Fig.1 Six different periods’buds of peppers

圖2 辣椒6個不同發(fā)育時期的花藥Fig.2 Six different periods’anthers of peppers

1.3 花藥的石蠟切片

所有患者均在全麻下行后路三維矯形植骨融合內(nèi)固定術(shù),內(nèi)固定器械為山東威高Upass系統(tǒng)或美國強生Expedium系統(tǒng)。椎弓根螺釘均為徒手置入,術(shù)中采用旋棒、平移、去旋轉(zhuǎn)及原位彎棒等矯形技術(shù),同種異體骨和咬碎自體骨混合后作為植骨材料。手術(shù)全程在體感誘發(fā)電位(sSEP)和運動誘發(fā)電位(MEP)監(jiān)護下完成。

于2013年6月初辣椒細胞不育系和保持系植株進入盛花期,在晴天上午取不育系及其保持系處于生長6個不同發(fā)育時期的花蕾(圖1),立即浸沒于卡諾固定液中,24 h后用各級乙醇脫水,二甲苯透明,取不同大小的花蕾采用常規(guī)石蠟切片程序包埋,制成厚度為10μm的連續(xù)切片,二甲基藍染色,中性樹膠干燥封片.在Leica DM 1000顯微鏡下觀察并拍照記錄.

1.4 花藥蛋白SDS-PAGE分析

利用TCA-丙酮沉淀法提取花藥中的總蛋白質(zhì),得到的蛋白質(zhì)樣品在-80℃超低溫保存.SDSPAGE電泳參照王勇等[13]的方法.采用5%濃縮膠和12%分離膠,樣品與含有β-巰基乙醇的上樣緩沖液以1∶1體積比混合,每孔上樣量12μL,采用10 m A電流電泳,待蛋白質(zhì)帶進入分離膠時改用24 m A電流電泳,至距凝膠下端1 cm處停止電泳,凝膠用考馬斯亮藍R-250過夜染色,次日用清水褪色3 h,脫色后采用凝膠成像系統(tǒng)(Bio-Rad公司)照相.

1.2 蛋白質(zhì)膠內(nèi)酶解及肽段提取

選取辣椒細胞質(zhì)不育系與保持系出現(xiàn)的差異蛋白質(zhì)條帶,用潔凈的刀片切下,參照Shevchenko等[14]的方法將切下的蛋白質(zhì)條帶分別進行膠內(nèi)酶解,并洗脫,得到肽段混合物.蛋白質(zhì)膠內(nèi)酶解:膠條首先用500μL含50%乙腈的濃度為25 mmol/L的碳酸氫銨洗脫,棄去上清液,重復(fù)2次,每次60 min;用500μL H2O洗脫1次,棄去上清液;加入500μL乙腈脫水;在56℃條件下使用10 mmol/L二硫蘇糖醇處理1 h,還原打開二硫鍵;在暗室使用55 mmol/L碘乙酰胺處理45 min,進行半胱氨酸的皖基化封閉;用膜蛋白酶溶液(10 ng/μL溶于25 mmol/L碳酸氫銨溶液中)覆蓋;冰上30 min,去除多余酶液,加入25μL 25 mmol/L碳酸氫銨,37℃消化過夜;加5%甲酸(formic acid,F(xiàn)A)終止反應(yīng).肽段提取:用含有0.1%甲酸的50%乙腈200μL提取1次;用含有0.1%甲酸的100%乙腈200μL提取2次;收集所有的上清液,并真空干燥,得到肽段混合物.

1.6 蛋白質(zhì)條帶基于LTQ Orbitrap Q-Exactive的LC-MS/MS分析

將真空抽干的每個組分分別用緩沖液A(2%乙腈,0.1%葉酸)復(fù)溶至約0.5μg/μL,15 000 g離心10 min,除去不溶物質(zhì).每個組分上樣5μL,通過賽默飛EASY nlc-1000高效液相色譜儀進行分離.分離程序:以300 n L/min的流速進行梯度洗滌90 min;洗滌梯度為前70 min緩沖液B(99.9%乙腈,0.1%葉酸)從0%上升到35%;再從35%到100%線性洗滌5 min.最后用100%的緩沖液B洗柱15 min.經(jīng)過液相分離的肽段進入到Q-Exactive質(zhì)譜儀.儀器的分辨率設(shè)置為70 000(質(zhì)荷比/半峰寬).用碰撞能量為35%的CID(collision induced dissociation)模式對肽段進行篩選,在離子阱中檢測信號.每個峰強度超過5 000的一級母離子打8個二級譜圖.掃描的質(zhì)荷比范圍為350~1 800.

1.7 質(zhì)譜數(shù)據(jù)的蛋白質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)庫搜尋鑒定與功能注釋

質(zhì)譜采集到的原始數(shù)據(jù)先采用Proteome Discovery軟件在NCBI數(shù)據(jù)庫進行搜索和匹配.同時,在搜索過程中設(shè)定參數(shù):消化酶為胰酶、固定修飾為carbamidomethyl(C)、可變修飾為oxidation(M),每個肽允許有1個不完全裂解位點,物種來源選擇綠色植物,離子選擇[M+H]+和average.對鑒定蛋白通過UniProt基因本體(gene ontology,GO)數(shù)據(jù)庫進行注釋及分析,預(yù)測這些蛋白質(zhì)可能的功能并對其進行功能分類統(tǒng)計.

2 結(jié)果與分析

2.1 不同發(fā)育時期辣椒花藥的細胞學(xué)觀察

為進一步對花粉敗育的原因進行探索,我們按從小到大選取6個不同時期的辣椒不育系和保持系花蕾做石蠟切片(圖3),結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),不育系植株的花藥和保持系植株相比,明顯差異從減數(shù)分裂四分體時期(圖3C、I)開始.敗育發(fā)生在四分體形成以后,由于四分體周圍的胼胝質(zhì)不能解體和絨氈層細胞的過度液泡化,徑向肥大,使得四分體被擠向藥室中央且原生質(zhì)體濃厚,然后逐漸解體.

圖3 保持系和不育系小孢子發(fā)育過程Fig.3 Microspore development process of cytoplasmic male sterile line and its maintainer line

2.2 辣椒細胞質(zhì)不育系與保持系花藥蛋白的SDSPAGE分析

對辣椒不育系和保持系花藥蛋白SDS-PAGE分析(圖4)表明,在保持系的6個不同發(fā)育時期均新出現(xiàn)了4條差異蛋白質(zhì)條帶,表明這4條蛋白質(zhì)條帶很可能是與植株可育相關(guān)的重要應(yīng)答蛋白帶.

2.3 蛋白質(zhì)條帶的質(zhì)譜鑒定

用LTQ Orbitrap Q-Exactive對酶解的肽段進行分析,Sequest軟件搜索NCBI數(shù)據(jù)庫后,從條帶1中鑒定出蛋白質(zhì)14個,從條帶2中鑒定出蛋白質(zhì)10個,從條帶3中鑒定出蛋白質(zhì)25個,從條帶4中鑒定出蛋白質(zhì)19個(表1).

通過比較質(zhì)譜鑒定的條帶1、條帶2、條帶3和條帶4蛋白質(zhì)條帶中的蛋白質(zhì)種類,發(fā)現(xiàn)條帶1和條帶3共有蛋白質(zhì)2個,條帶2和條帶3共有蛋白質(zhì)1個,條帶3和條帶4共有蛋白質(zhì)1個,即在4個樣品中共鑒定出不重復(fù)蛋白質(zhì)64個.鑒定蛋白質(zhì)的登錄號及注釋信息見表1.

圖4 辣椒細胞質(zhì)不育系與保持系蛋白質(zhì)的SDS-PAGE圖譜Fig.4 SDS-PAGE on proteins from haemolymph of cytoplasmic male sterile line and its maintainer line

表1 質(zhì)譜鑒定條帶1、條帶2、條帶3和條帶4對應(yīng)的蛋白質(zhì)Table1 Non-redundant list of proteins identified by LC-MS/MS from band1,band2,band3 and band4

續(xù)表1 質(zhì)譜鑒定條帶1、條帶2、條帶3和條帶4對應(yīng)的蛋白質(zhì)Continuation of Table1 Non-redundant list of proteins identified by LC-MS/MS from band1,band2,band3 and band4

續(xù)表1 質(zhì)譜鑒定條帶1、條帶2、條帶3和條帶4對應(yīng)的蛋白質(zhì)Continuation of Table1 Non-redundant list of proteins identified by LC-MS/MS from band1,band2,band3 and band4

續(xù)表1 質(zhì)譜鑒定條帶1、條帶2、條帶3和條帶4對應(yīng)的蛋白質(zhì)Continuation of Table1 Non-redundant list of proteins identified by LC-MS/MS from band1,band2,band3 and band4

續(xù)表1 質(zhì)譜鑒定條帶1、條帶2、條帶3和條帶4對應(yīng)的蛋白質(zhì)Continuation of Table1 Non-redundant list of proteins identified by LC-MS/MS from band1,band2,band3 and band4

從圖5中可以看出,在這4個樣品中鑒定出的蛋白質(zhì)分子質(zhì)量大多集中在30~100 ku區(qū)間內(nèi),等電點大多集中在5.5~8.5區(qū)間內(nèi).

圖5 質(zhì)譜差異蛋白質(zhì)條帶的蛋白質(zhì)物理性質(zhì)分布圖Fig.5 Distribution of physical properties for proteins identified by LC-MS/MS for the differential protein bands

2.4 質(zhì)譜鑒定蛋白質(zhì)條帶的蛋白質(zhì)GO分類

對條帶1、條帶2、條帶3和條帶4鑒定蛋白質(zhì)的GO分析結(jié)果(圖6~8)表明,鑒定蛋白質(zhì)被注釋到3個本體的23個GO條目(term)中,其中,在細胞組分本體中包括液泡、細胞骨架、細胞溶質(zhì)、細胞核、線粒體、細胞外物質(zhì)、核糖體、細胞質(zhì)、細胞內(nèi)薄膜組織.涉及7種分子功能,包括結(jié)構(gòu)分子活性、RNA結(jié)合、蛋白質(zhì)結(jié)合、DNA結(jié)合、金屬離子結(jié)合、核苷酸結(jié)合、催化活性.參與7個生物學(xué)過程,包括細胞通訊、細胞發(fā)育、細胞分化、生化過程調(diào)控、細胞組織進程、刺激應(yīng)答、代謝過程.

圖6 條帶1、條帶2、條帶3和條帶4鑒定蛋白質(zhì)在分子功能本體上的注釋Fig.6 Molecular function ontology annotation of proteins identified from band 1,band 2,band 3 and band 4

圖7 條帶1、條帶2、條帶3和條帶4鑒定蛋白質(zhì)在生物過程本體上的注釋Fig.7 Biological process ontology annotation of proteinsidentified from band 1,band 2,band 3 and band 4

圖8 條帶1、條帶2、條帶3和條帶4鑒定蛋白質(zhì)在細胞組分本體上的注釋Fig.8 Cellular component ontology annotation of proteins identified from band 1,band 2,band 3 and band 4

經(jīng)統(tǒng)計,這4個樣品中鑒定到的蛋白質(zhì)按分子功能歸類時,涉及催化作用的蛋白質(zhì)最多有24個;按細胞組分歸類時,涉及細胞內(nèi)膜組織的最多有20個;按生物學(xué)過程歸類時,參與代謝過程的最多有24個.

3 討論

植物雄性不育是一種遺傳現(xiàn)象,具體表現(xiàn)為在有性繁殖過程中花藥、花粉或雄配子功能喪失或產(chǎn)生的合子在正常環(huán)境下無法存活,在辣椒上不育的表現(xiàn)通常是花粉敗育[15].在本研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)辣椒不育系花粉敗育的細胞學(xué)機制可能是由于小孢子母細胞在減數(shù)分裂形成四分體后至單核花粉粒時期,四分體周圍的胼胝體不能及時降解所致.在造孢細胞期,不育系和保持系特征相似,無明顯差異,不育系小孢子敗育發(fā)生在四分體小孢子形成后,由于絨氈層細胞發(fā)育異常,高度液泡化,徑向異常膨大,四分體受到擠壓后破裂并降解,無法形成正常的花粉粒而導(dǎo)致敗育.這一發(fā)現(xiàn)與Horner[16]、逯紅棟等[17]的觀點基本一致.國內(nèi)外有關(guān)辣椒胞質(zhì)雄性不育系的細胞學(xué)比較研究結(jié)果不盡一致,這種不一致可能來自于CMS類型、核背景以及植株生長發(fā)育條件的差異[18].但無論雄性不育發(fā)生在小孢子發(fā)育的哪個階段,都是由于絨氈層細胞的異常發(fā)育導(dǎo)致了小孢子的敗育,均直接或間接與絨氈層的發(fā)育相關(guān).

在辣椒雄性不育系中,可溶性蛋白質(zhì)含量從蕾期開始逐漸降低,在其保持系中,蛋白質(zhì)含量則呈逐漸升高的趨勢,遠高于不育系,推斷不育系花藥中可溶性蛋白的缺乏是由于來自絨氈層的物質(zhì)運輸被阻斷而成為花粉發(fā)育的限制因素[19].本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),與保持系相比,在不育系的6個不同發(fā)育時期均少了4條差異蛋白質(zhì)條帶.本研究對這4條蛋白質(zhì)帶進行了質(zhì)譜鑒定,鑒定出不重復(fù)蛋白質(zhì)64個.對這些蛋白質(zhì)進行GO分類后發(fā)現(xiàn),這些蛋白質(zhì)中有相當(dāng)一部分涉及花藥的物質(zhì)和能量代謝過程.這說明與保持系相比,不育系的花藥中與物質(zhì)和能量代謝相關(guān)的蛋白質(zhì)表達量明顯下降.這些蛋白質(zhì)的表達量降低或不表達可能使得細胞供能不足、淀粉不能正常合成,導(dǎo)致花粉敗育,也可能是由于不育基因?qū)е逻^氧化物酶同工酶基因表達異常,擾亂了花藥中物質(zhì)和能量代謝平衡,最終導(dǎo)致雄性不育.

本次研究鑒定出的差異蛋白多為酶類和修飾蛋白(表1).其中,發(fā)現(xiàn)在不育系中磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase,PEPC,EC 4.1.1.31)的表達量明顯下降.PEPC是一種廣泛存在的細胞質(zhì)酶,催化磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸(PEP)和HCO3-生成草酰乙酸(OAA),后者可轉(zhuǎn)化生成三羧酸循環(huán)的多種中間產(chǎn)物[20-22].PEPC表達量下降或不表達可能使植株體內(nèi)的三羧酸循環(huán)受阻,導(dǎo)致營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)合成與代謝過程的紊亂,而使胼胝質(zhì)不能正常解體,液泡過度膨大而導(dǎo)致花粉敗育.另外,研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),由于催化葡糖-1-磷酸(G-1-P)與葡糖-6-磷酸(G-6-P)之間可逆性轉(zhuǎn)化的酶類[23]即葡糖磷酸變位酶(phosphoglucomutase,PGM,EC 2.7.5.1)的表達量下調(diào),使得不育系細胞功能不足、淀粉和蔗糖不能正常合成.這也是導(dǎo)致花粉敗育的可能原因之一.

4 結(jié)論

辣椒細胞質(zhì)不育大多是花粉敗育引起的,而花粉敗育的細胞學(xué)表現(xiàn)為四分體形成以后,其周圍的胼胝質(zhì)不能解體以及絨氈層發(fā)育異常.通過對辣椒胞質(zhì)雄性不育系和保持系的蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)差異分析發(fā)現(xiàn),在四分體時期由于不育系花藥中涉及物質(zhì)和能量代謝的一部分蛋白表達量下降或許不表達,使絨氈層細胞發(fā)育異常,導(dǎo)致四分體小孢子在發(fā)育中不能獲得物質(zhì)和能量而敗育.另外,在本次研究中蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)鑒定出的差異蛋白可初步解釋細胞學(xué)的差異表現(xiàn).這說明利用細胞學(xué)和蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)相結(jié)合來研究辣椒不育,特別是花粉敗育導(dǎo)致辣椒不育,可以初步探討與辣椒花粉敗育相關(guān)的蛋白質(zhì),有利于今后深入研究這些相關(guān)蛋白在辣椒花粉敗育中的功能,對揭示辣椒不育系中花粉敗育的具體分子機制也有重要意義.

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Comparative analysis of cytology and proteomics in anthers between cytoplasmic male sterile line and its maintainer line of peppers.Journal of Zhejiang University(Agric.&Life Sci.),2015,41(1):44-55

LüXiaohan1,F(xiàn)ang Xianping2,Chai Weiguo1*,Ma Junping3,Zhou Yifei1(1.Institute of Vegetables,Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310024,China;2.Institute of Biology,Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310024,China;3.College of Agriculture and Biotechnology,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

pepper;cytoplasmic male sterile;anther;cytology;proteomics

Q 246;Q 51;S 641.3

A

10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2014.04.242

浙江省重大科技專項(2011C02001);浙江省農(nóng)業(yè)新品種選育重大科技專項(2012C12903).

柴偉國,E-mail:kuni@21.com

聯(lián)系方式:呂曉菡,E-mail:13758280949@163.com

2014 04 24;接受日期(Accepted):2014 11 12;

日期(Published online):2015 01 19 URL:http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/33.1247.S.20150119.1653.004.html

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