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綿羊胚胎發(fā)育中后期骨骼肌BTG2/3的表達(dá)動(dòng)態(tài)及其與Myostatin的關(guān)系

2015-03-22 10:51:01劉瑞鑿吳明明王慧華朱才業(yè)趙福平魏彩虹杜立新
畜牧獸醫(yī)學(xué)報(bào) 2015年11期
關(guān)鍵詞:烏珠穆沁成肌細(xì)胞特克

劉瑞鑿,劉 真,吳明明,2,王慧華,朱才業(yè),張 莉,趙福平,魏彩虹*,杜立新*

綿羊胚胎發(fā)育中后期骨骼肌BTG2/3的表達(dá)動(dòng)態(tài)及其與Myostatin的關(guān)系

劉瑞鑿1,劉 真1,吳明明1,2,王慧華1,朱才業(yè)1,張 莉1,趙福平1,魏彩虹1*,杜立新1*

(1.中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院北京畜牧獸醫(yī)研究所,北京 100193;2.中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)動(dòng)物科技學(xué)院,北京 100193)

旨在探究綿羊胚胎中后期骨骼肌BTG2/3(B cell translocation gene 2/3)的動(dòng)態(tài)表達(dá)情況,探索肌肉生長(zhǎng)抑制素(Myostatin,MSTN)基因?qū)ζ浔磉_(dá)的影響。以特克賽爾(Texel)和烏珠穆沁(Ujimqin)綿羊85、100、120和135 d 4個(gè)不同發(fā)育階段的胎兒背最長(zhǎng)肌為研究對(duì)象,利用Real-time PCR技術(shù)分別檢測(cè)MSTN及BTG2/3的表達(dá)差異;選取100 d各胚胎半膜肌、背最長(zhǎng)肌、半腱肌和股四頭肌檢測(cè)不同組織BTG2/3的表達(dá)差異;構(gòu)建穩(wěn)定慢病毒干擾載體pFU-GW-myostatin,分別感染處于增殖和分化階段的綿羊成肌細(xì)胞,檢測(cè)BTG2/3表達(dá)水平變化。結(jié)果顯示,隨著胚胎生長(zhǎng),特克賽爾羊胎兒MSTN表達(dá)量持續(xù)下降,而烏珠穆沁羊胎兒先下降后上升,特克賽爾羊胎兒BTG2表達(dá)量呈先升高后降低趨勢(shì),而烏珠穆沁羊表現(xiàn)出先降低后升高再降低的趨勢(shì);BTG3的表達(dá)量在特克賽爾羊與BTG2表達(dá)趨勢(shì)相同,而烏珠穆沁羊則與BTG2相反;100 d胎兒4種不同骨骼肌組織中,特克賽爾羊與烏珠穆沁羊相比,背最長(zhǎng)肌和半腱肌中BTG2表達(dá)量極顯著偏高(P<0.01),而半膜肌和背最長(zhǎng)肌中BTG3表達(dá)量極顯著偏低(P<0.01);慢病毒干擾載體對(duì)成肌細(xì)胞具有較高的感染和干擾效率,增殖和分化階段的成肌細(xì)胞被MSTN干擾后,BTG2和BTG3表達(dá)量極顯著降低(P<0.01)。綜上表明,BTG2和BTG3對(duì)綿羊胎兒中后期骨骼肌發(fā)育有重要作用,可能參與myostatin調(diào)節(jié)通路。本研究對(duì)綿羊胚胎發(fā)育過(guò)程的分子機(jī)制研究具有重要意義。

BTG2/3;特克賽爾;烏珠穆沁;胎兒;myostatin干擾

BTG/TOB家族被稱為“APRO”,首先在哺乳動(dòng)物被發(fā)現(xiàn),在細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)中起到抗增殖的作用,影響細(xì)胞分化、發(fā)育和凋亡[1]。BTG/TOB家族成員(BTG1、Tob1/2、ANA、PC3B)的異常表達(dá),造成細(xì)胞增殖受抑制[2-6]。BTG2和BTG3是BTG/TOB家族的重要成員,他們都能與CAF1和CCR4等相關(guān)因子結(jié)合[4,7],BTG2還可與PRMT1和HOXB9相互作用[8-9],而B(niǎo)TG3并未發(fā)現(xiàn)有此功能。

BTG2在細(xì)胞分裂G0/G1期開(kāi)始表達(dá)[10],之后表達(dá)量下降。BTG2基因含有p53野生型基因的反應(yīng)元件[11],p73和p53可誘導(dǎo)與人類具有同源性的BTG2基因[12]。利用高密度芯片技術(shù)對(duì)基因的表達(dá)趨勢(shì)進(jìn)行研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)BTG2基因?qū)?xì)胞的分化、增殖和凋亡起調(diào)節(jié)作用[13]。更多的研究證明PC3/BTG/TOB還共同參與了胚胎干細(xì)胞、肌細(xì)胞和造血干細(xì)胞等多種細(xì)胞的分化發(fā)育[14-15]。BTG3在G1期表達(dá)量最高,G1-S期表現(xiàn)出峰值[16]。BTG3表達(dá)缺失與肺癌的發(fā)生有關(guān)[17],也能增強(qiáng)BMP誘導(dǎo)的骨形成[18]。肌肉生長(zhǎng)抑制素(Myostatin,MSTN) 基因是TGF-β超家族成員,是骨骼肌生長(zhǎng)的負(fù)調(diào)控因子,為生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育性狀的候選基因。近期多項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果表明,BTG2與小尾寒羊多脊柱性狀相關(guān),BTG3對(duì)豬骨骼肌生長(zhǎng)具有重要作用[19-21],但未見(jiàn)BTG/TOB家族與綿羊肌肉發(fā)育相關(guān)的報(bào)道。

胚胎期是動(dòng)物生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的關(guān)鍵階段,決定了其早期甚至成年期生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的表型性狀。特克賽爾羊?yàn)橐肴庥闷贩N綿羊,具有典型的雙肌表型;烏珠穆沁羊是肉脂兼用型本地品種綿羊。兩品種生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育性狀存在明顯差異,是研究綿羊肌肉生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的理想模型。本研究以特克賽爾羊和烏珠穆沁羊?yàn)檠芯繉?duì)象,通過(guò)綿羊不同日齡階段胎兒BTG2/3基因的表達(dá)趨勢(shì),分析其在綿羊肌肉發(fā)育的作用;并通過(guò)慢病毒載體下調(diào)MSTN基因表達(dá),分析基因干擾對(duì)BTG2和BTG3在成肌細(xì)胞增殖和分化中的表達(dá)影響,初步揭示MSTN與BTG/TOB家族的關(guān)系,為BTG/TOB家族在綿羊肌肉發(fā)育的功能研究提供基礎(chǔ)資料。

1 材料與方法

1.1 材料

特克賽爾羊(Texel)為山西省右玉縣宏宇種羊場(chǎng)從國(guó)外引進(jìn)原種肉羊;烏珠穆沁羊(Ujimqin)來(lái)自內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)錫林郭勒烏珠穆沁羊業(yè)有限責(zé)任公司。上述羊場(chǎng)均為種養(yǎng)繁育場(chǎng),實(shí)施肉羊標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化飼養(yǎng),飼喂標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及環(huán)境基本一致。

Trizol購(gòu)自Invitrogen公司(美國(guó));DEPC水、反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒購(gòu)自TaKaRa公司(日本); DMEM/F12培養(yǎng)液、胎牛血清、0.25%胰酶、雙抗和PBS購(gòu)自Gibco公司(美國(guó));I 型膠原酶(Sigma,美國(guó));CO2培養(yǎng)箱(Thermo,美國(guó));離心機(jī)(Eppendorf 5430R,德國(guó));倒置顯微鏡(Nikon TE2000-U,日本);實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR儀(ABI7500,美國(guó));培養(yǎng)瓶(Corning,美國(guó))。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 樣品采集及RNA提取 分別在特克賽爾和烏珠穆沁母羊妊娠第85、100、120和135天進(jìn)行剖腹產(chǎn),各階段分別取3只胚胎。立即取背最長(zhǎng)肌于液氮中保存,用于不同階段背最長(zhǎng)肌RNA分析。100日齡各胚胎另取半膜肌、半腱肌和股四頭肌于液氮中保存,用于不同組織RNA分析。

采用Trizol一步法提取總RNA。肌肉組織放入盛有液氮的研缽中充分研磨,與1 mL Trizol共同加入無(wú)RNA酶的1.5 mL離心管;細(xì)胞樣先用1 mL PBS清洗兩次,24孔板加入200 μL Trizol,反復(fù)吹打,使細(xì)胞溶解。之后按照生產(chǎn)商提供的方法提取。檢測(cè)總RNA的質(zhì)量及完整性。

1.2.2 成肌細(xì)胞的分離及分化培養(yǎng) 無(wú)菌條件取出背最長(zhǎng)肌,70%酒精處理5~10 s;用組織鑷及剪刀小心去除非肌肉組織,用剪刀將剝離的肌肉剪成約1 mm3的小塊,加入2 g·L-1的I型膠原酶,37 ℃消化30 min。吹打均勻后,靜止沉淀5 min,吸取上層細(xì)胞懸液置于離心管中,1 000 r·min-1離心5 min,棄上清;加入含20% FBS的DMEM/F12基礎(chǔ)培養(yǎng)基(生長(zhǎng)培養(yǎng)基),移液器吹打成單細(xì)胞懸液,移入培養(yǎng)瓶中,37 ℃ 5% CO2培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng),采用差速貼壁法進(jìn)行細(xì)胞純化。細(xì)胞接種于培養(yǎng)瓶1 h后,將未貼壁細(xì)胞移入另一培養(yǎng)瓶中進(jìn)行培養(yǎng),重復(fù)一次,則后貼壁培養(yǎng)的細(xì)胞為較純的成肌細(xì)胞,24 h后進(jìn)行首次換液,換液后可去血細(xì)胞與其他肌源細(xì)胞等。

處理成單細(xì)胞后按每孔1.0×106個(gè)細(xì)胞密度將肌細(xì)胞接種于6孔板,待細(xì)胞貼壁后,將基礎(chǔ)培養(yǎng)基換為含2%馬血清的DMEM/F12培養(yǎng)基(分化培養(yǎng)基),置于37 ℃,5% CO2培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)。一般48 h后會(huì)看到細(xì)胞形態(tài)變化,72 h后可看到明顯肌管。

1.2.3MSTN慢病毒干擾載體及其感染方法 基于本實(shí)驗(yàn)室的前期報(bào)道[22],選用位點(diǎn)322設(shè)計(jì)綿羊MSTNsiRNA,利用靶位點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)序列,Sense:5′- TaaGACGATGACTACCACGTTACTCGAGTAA-CGTGGTAGTCATCGTCttTTTTTTC-3′,Antis-ense:5′-TCGAGAAAAAAaaGACGATGACTAC-CACGTTACTCGAGTAACGTGGTAGTCATCG-TCttA-3′,并由上海吉?jiǎng)P基因化學(xué)技術(shù)有限公司進(jìn)行pFU-GW-myostatin慢病毒包裝。

感染前24 h接種1×106個(gè)細(xì)胞于6孔培養(yǎng)板中。感染前棄去原有培養(yǎng)基,更換轉(zhuǎn)染試劑(1 μL濃度為5 μg·mL-1的polybrene,10 μL滴度為109TU·mL-1的慢病毒載體,900 μL的增強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)染試劑)。8~12 h以后觀察細(xì)胞狀態(tài)。如果細(xì)胞狀態(tài)與未感染組無(wú)明顯差異,表明慢病毒對(duì)細(xì)胞沒(méi)有明顯毒性作用,除去上清,更換為新鮮培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng)。感染72 h后,觀察熒光表達(dá)情況并收集細(xì)胞。

1.2.4 實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR 用PrimeScript?1st Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit(TaKaRa,日本)試劑盒合成cDNA,試驗(yàn)操作按產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明書(shū)進(jìn)行。以cDNA為模板,引物參照本實(shí)驗(yàn)室前期設(shè)計(jì)的序列(表1),β-actin作為內(nèi)參基因。ABI 7500熒光定量PCR儀進(jìn)行qPCR試驗(yàn),利用Power SYBR?Green PCR Master Mix試劑盒(ABI,美國(guó))進(jìn)行qPCR反應(yīng),每個(gè)樣品設(shè)3個(gè)重復(fù),反應(yīng)體系為20 μL:2×SYBR Premix ExTaq10 μL,上下游引物(10 μmol·L-1)各0.4 μL, cDNA模板100 ng,加入滅菌蒸餾水至20 μL。反應(yīng)條件:95 ℃預(yù)變性10 min;95 ℃變性15 s,60 ℃退火延伸30 s,40個(gè)循環(huán)。

表1 Real-time PCR引物序列

Table 1 Primer sequences for Real-time PCR analysis

目的基因Targetgene引物序列(5′?3′)Primersequence擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物/bpPCRproductBTG2F:CTATTCTCAGAGACCTGTAGATGTTR:GCATTACAGCAAGGCAAGGGTCGGT145BTG3F:AGTCACTACCCTCCTCCCATTCCR:GGCTTATTCTACCTTCGCTCAACA199MSTNF:TTTTGCCCAAGGCTCCTCCR:CCGTCGTAACGTGGTAGTCATCG108β?actinF:TTCCAGCCTTCCTTCCTGR:CCGTGTTGGCGTAGAGGT109

1.2.5 數(shù)據(jù)分析 數(shù)據(jù)分析用SAS 9.2軟件,單因素方差分析及t檢驗(yàn)完成。

2 結(jié) 果

2.1 特克賽爾和烏珠穆沁羊不同日齡胎兒背最長(zhǎng)肌MSTN、BTG2/3的表達(dá)趨勢(shì)

用Trizol一步法提取肌肉組織總RNA,將提取的總RNA進(jìn)行瓊脂糖凝膠電泳分析,結(jié)果顯示,28S、18S清晰可見(jiàn),且28S條帶亮度約為18S的兩倍(圖略)。經(jīng)紫外分光光度儀測(cè)定,所提取總RNA的A260 nm/A280 nm值均為1.8~2.0,表明無(wú)蛋白和酚等污染,可用于后續(xù)試驗(yàn)。

烏珠穆沁和特克賽爾羊不同日齡胎兒的背最長(zhǎng)肌MSTN和BTG2/3 的Real-time PCR檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示,對(duì)于MSTN基因,特克賽爾羊胎兒MSTN表達(dá)量持續(xù)下降,而烏珠穆沁羊胎兒呈先下降后上升趨勢(shì),100 d表達(dá)量最低,且與特克賽爾羊差異顯著(P<0.05)(圖1A);對(duì)于BTG2基因,特克賽爾羊胎兒BTG2表達(dá)量先升高后降低,100 d表達(dá)量達(dá)到頂峰,135日齡表達(dá)最低;而烏珠穆沁羊胎兒85 d表達(dá)量最高,100 d出現(xiàn)第一次低谷,120 d有另一個(gè)高峰,出生前即135 d表達(dá)量最低(圖1B);對(duì)于BTG3基因,特克賽爾羊胎兒表現(xiàn)出與BTG2相同的趨勢(shì),烏珠穆沁羊胎兒表現(xiàn)出與BTG2相反的趨勢(shì)——100 d表達(dá)最高,85及120 d表達(dá)最低(圖1C)。

A.背最長(zhǎng)肌MSTN表達(dá)量變化;B.背最長(zhǎng)肌BTG2表達(dá)量變化;C.背最長(zhǎng)肌BTG3表達(dá)量變化。*代表差異顯著(P<0.05),** 代表差異極顯著(P<0.01)。下同A.Changes for expression of MSTN;B.Changes for expression of BTG2;C.Changes for expression of BTG3.Analysis of variance was performed and significant variations are indicated by the *(P<0.05) and **(P<0.01).The same as below圖1 特克賽爾和烏珠穆沁羊不同日齡胎兒背最長(zhǎng)肌MSTN、BTG2和BTG3的表達(dá)趨勢(shì)Fig.1 Expression of MSTN,BTG2 and BTG3 in longissimus dorsi at different fetal stages in Texel and Ujimqin

2.2 特克賽爾和烏珠穆沁羊100日齡胎兒不同骨骼肌中BTG2/3的差異表達(dá)

烏珠穆沁和特克賽爾羊胎兒100 d不同骨骼肌組織BTG2/3 Real-time PCR檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示,對(duì)于BTG2基因,特克賽爾羊背最長(zhǎng)肌和半腱肌的相對(duì)表達(dá)量極顯著高于烏珠穆沁羊(P<0.01),而半膜肌熒光顯微鏡觀察結(jié)果顯示,細(xì)胞綠色熒光表達(dá)效率在95%以上,且傳代后仍有高強(qiáng)度熒光表達(dá),觀察和股四頭肌兩種綿羊差異不顯著(圖2A);對(duì)于BTG3基因,烏珠穆沁羊背最長(zhǎng)肌和半膜肌的相對(duì)表達(dá)量極顯著高于特克賽爾羊(P<0.01),而半腱肌和股四頭肌兩種綿羊差異不顯著(圖2B)。

2.3 慢病毒載體干擾效果驗(yàn)證

MSTN慢病毒干擾載體轉(zhuǎn)染成肌細(xì)胞72 h后,轉(zhuǎn)染前后成肌細(xì)胞形態(tài),沒(méi)有發(fā)生明顯變化。

BM.半膜?。籅Z.背最長(zhǎng)??;BJ.半腱肌;GST.股四頭肌BM.Semimembranosus;BZ.Longissimus dorsi;BJ.Semitendinosus;GST.Quadriceps femoris圖2 特克賽爾和烏珠穆沁羊 100日齡胎兒不同骨骼肌BTG2、BTG3差異表達(dá)Fig.2 Expression of BTG2 and BTG3 in the skeletal muscle at fetal 100 d of age in Texel and Ujimqin

增殖和分化階段感染成肌細(xì)胞,MSTNqPCR檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示,增殖和分化階段感染后的細(xì)胞MSTN表達(dá)量極顯著低于空白對(duì)照(P<0.01),且增殖階段MSTN表達(dá)量約4倍于分化階段,差異極顯著(P<0.01)(圖3),說(shuō)明成肌分化過(guò)程抑制MSTN表達(dá),與前期研究相符[23]。

圖3 慢病毒干擾MSTN后差異表達(dá)Fig.3 Expression analysis of MSTN after transfected by lentiviral vectors

2.4MSTN干擾對(duì)BTG2、BTG3表達(dá)的影響

成肌細(xì)胞增殖和分化階段進(jìn)行慢病毒感染,BTG2/3 Real-time PCR檢測(cè)結(jié)果表明,與空白對(duì)照相比,增殖階段MSTN干擾后,BTG2和BTG3表達(dá)量均下調(diào),差異極顯著(P<0.01);分化階段MSTN干擾后,BTG2和BTG3表達(dá)量同樣降低,差異極顯著(P<0.01)(圖4);且兩基因增殖階段表達(dá)量極顯著高于分化階段(P<0.01)。結(jié)果提示MSTN會(huì)直接或間接促進(jìn)BTG2和BTG3表達(dá)。

si-MSTN BTG2.MSTN干擾后BTG2表達(dá)量;CON BTG2.對(duì)照組BTG2表達(dá)量;si-MSTN BTG3.MSTN干擾后BTG3表達(dá)量;CON BTG3.對(duì)照組BTG3表達(dá)量si-MSTN BTG2.BTG2 expression level after MSTN interference;CON BTG2.BTG2 expression level after control;si-MSTN BTG3.BTG3 expression level after MSTN interference;CON BTG3.BTG3 expression level of control圖4 MSTN干擾對(duì)BTG2、BTG3影響Fig.4 Impact of MSTN interference on BTG2 and BTG3

3 討 論

BTG/Tob家族成員可通過(guò)正向或負(fù)向調(diào)節(jié)多種信號(hào)通路作用于細(xì)胞周期循環(huán),實(shí)現(xiàn)抗增殖特性[24];多種信號(hào)通路也可以靶向BTG/Tob因子,影響其表達(dá)、穩(wěn)定性、活性甚至蛋白定位[1]。目前,對(duì)BTG/Tob家族的了解主要集中在癌癥發(fā)生。視黃酸處理乳腺癌細(xì)胞后,引起B(yǎng)TG2表達(dá)活性升高,進(jìn)而通過(guò)降低CDK4活性導(dǎo)致癌細(xì)胞周期異常[25];腎癌組織中由于DNA甲基化引起B(yǎng)TG3啟動(dòng)子失活,導(dǎo)致其表達(dá)量降低[26]。MSTN基因是TGF-β超家族成員,骨骼肌生長(zhǎng)的負(fù)調(diào)控因子。在MSTN的作用下,成肌細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞周期聚集在G0/G1階段從而停止生長(zhǎng)[27-28]。迄今為止,已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)綿羊、牛、狗、小鼠及德國(guó)一名兒童攜帶有遺傳突變而功能失活的MSTN基因,產(chǎn)生肌肉急劇增加的雙肌表型[29-33]。近年來(lái)多項(xiàng)研究表明,BTG2/3與肌肉發(fā)育有關(guān),但其間關(guān)系及表達(dá)調(diào)控機(jī)制仍知之甚少。本研究檢測(cè)BTG2/3基因在綿羊胚胎發(fā)育中后期骨骼肌表達(dá)模式,并分析其在特克賽爾及烏珠穆沁羊兩品種的差異表達(dá);為了揭示BTG2/3在胚胎骨骼肌作用,利用慢病毒感染方法探討B(tài)TG2/3與MSTN之間的關(guān)系。

特克賽爾羊?yàn)橐肴庥闷贩N羊,具有典型的雙肌表型;烏珠穆沁羊原產(chǎn)內(nèi)蒙古,屬肉脂兼用型本地品種羊[34]。胚胎期各日齡階段特克賽爾羊背最長(zhǎng)肌重量顯著大于烏珠穆沁羊,且120日齡顯著高于100日齡[35]。MSTN表達(dá)水平結(jié)果顯示,特克賽爾羊隨胎兒日齡增加而持續(xù)下降(圖1A),烏珠穆沁羊隨胎兒日齡呈先下降后上升趨勢(shì),100 d表達(dá)量最低,且與特克賽爾羊差異顯著(P<0.05),提示兩品種綿羊胎兒背最長(zhǎng)肌重量可能受到MSTN調(diào)控,胎兒100 日齡可能是綿羊胎兒發(fā)育的重要時(shí)期。特克賽爾羊的BTG2表達(dá)豐度在胎兒100 d出現(xiàn)峰值,隨后表達(dá)下調(diào),而烏珠穆沁羊100 d出現(xiàn)低谷,與特克賽爾羊差異極顯著(P<0.01),其他日齡階段差異不顯著(圖1B)。特克賽爾羊的BTG3表達(dá)豐度同樣在胎兒100 d出現(xiàn)高峰,有趣的是烏珠穆沁羊相同階段表達(dá)量也出現(xiàn)高峰,且5倍于特克賽爾羊表達(dá)水平,表現(xiàn)出與BTG2完全相反的趨勢(shì)。特克賽爾羊胚胎期各日齡階段肌纖維密度連續(xù)下降,烏珠穆沁羊呈先上升后下降趨勢(shì),100日齡具有折點(diǎn)[36],提示兩品種綿羊纖維密度的變化可能與BTG2/3的共同調(diào)節(jié)密切相關(guān)。X.L.Ren等研究結(jié)果顯示,BTG3可能與癌細(xì)胞的入侵和遷移相關(guān),下調(diào)BTG3促進(jìn)細(xì)胞增殖[37]。提示BTG3可能與烏珠穆沁羊胚胎中后期生長(zhǎng)特性有關(guān)。

背最長(zhǎng)肌不同發(fā)育階段BTG2和BTG3表達(dá)檢測(cè)可知,綿羊胎兒100 d兩基因表達(dá)差異極顯著(P<0.01),可選擇此階段不同骨骼肌組織表達(dá)型進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。結(jié)果顯示,BTG2基因在特克賽爾羊背最長(zhǎng)肌和半腱肌表達(dá)水平極顯著高于烏珠穆沁羊(P<0.01),而B(niǎo)TG3基因在烏珠穆沁羊背最長(zhǎng)肌和半膜肌表達(dá)量極顯著高于特克賽爾羊(P<0.01),兩基因在股四頭肌表達(dá)差異不顯著。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),BTG2/3抑制細(xì)胞循環(huán)G1/S期[38],胚胎發(fā)育期的結(jié)果表明不同骨骼肌發(fā)育機(jī)制有差異,BTG2和BTG3在兩品種骨骼肌中發(fā)揮不同功能,BTG2對(duì)特克賽爾羊肌細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)有較大作用;BTG3可能在烏珠穆沁羊胚胎骨骼肌發(fā)育中具有更重要作用。

作為一種重要的研究工具,慢病毒載體免疫原性低,能感染分裂相和非分裂相細(xì)胞,將自身攜帶片段整合入宿主細(xì)胞基因組,起到穩(wěn)定表達(dá)效果[39-40]。pFU-GW-RNAi 慢病毒載體具有綠色熒光標(biāo)記,對(duì)綿羊成肌細(xì)胞感染效率達(dá)95%以上。試驗(yàn)組綿羊成肌細(xì)胞MSTN基因表達(dá)量在增殖和分化階段極顯著降低(P<0.01),說(shuō)明慢病毒干擾載體pFU-GW-myostatin對(duì)MSTN具有明顯沉默效果;且增殖階段MSTN表達(dá)量高于分化階段(圖3),這與MSTN抑制成肌細(xì)胞分化有關(guān)[27]。MSTN表達(dá)下調(diào)后,增殖和分化細(xì)胞BTG2和BTG3基因表達(dá)量較對(duì)照組極顯著降低(P<0.01),表明兩基因不但在成肌細(xì)胞增殖階段,也在分化階段與細(xì)胞發(fā)育密切相關(guān)。與MSTN相同,兩基因在增殖階段表達(dá)量極顯著高于分化階段(P<0.01),說(shuō)明BTG2和BTG3可能主要作用于成肌細(xì)胞增殖階段,抑制細(xì)胞分化。MSTN可能通過(guò)BTG/Tob家族成員抑制綿羊成肌分化。

100 d胚胎期,烏珠穆沁羊BTG2表達(dá)趨勢(shì)與MSTN相同(圖1A,B),成肌細(xì)胞MSTN干擾后BTG2表達(dá)量極顯著降低,說(shuō)明兩基因具有正向調(diào)控機(jī)制,共同抑制綿羊胚胎期骨骼肌生長(zhǎng)。烏珠穆沁羊背最長(zhǎng)肌BTG3表達(dá)量極顯著高于特克賽爾羊,且表現(xiàn)出與BTG2和MSTN相反的趨勢(shì),而成肌細(xì)胞MSTN干擾后BTG3表達(dá)量也極顯著降低,提示BTG3可能受到MSTN正向調(diào)控,但機(jī)體內(nèi)可能受到多種因子調(diào)控,二者之間相互關(guān)系及相互作用機(jī)制可通過(guò)免疫共沉淀等方法進(jìn)一步研究。

4 結(jié) 論

本研究檢測(cè)了BTG2/3在特克賽爾和烏珠穆沁綿羊胚胎中后期背最長(zhǎng)肌的表達(dá)模式、分析了BTG2/3在特克賽爾和烏珠穆沁羊胎兒100 d 4種不同骨骼肌中的表達(dá)差異,發(fā)現(xiàn)BTG2/3在綿羊胎兒中后期背最長(zhǎng)肌不同發(fā)育階段表達(dá)量具有顯著差異。另外利用基因干擾技術(shù)驗(yàn)證了BTG2/3可能參與Myostatin信號(hào)通路。本研究對(duì)綿羊胚胎發(fā)育的分子機(jī)制及不同品種綿羊胚胎發(fā)育的分子水平差異具有重要意義,且對(duì)BTG2/3在綿羊胚胎期發(fā)育作用具有重要補(bǔ)充。

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(編輯 郭云雁)

Expression Trend ofBTG2/3 in the Mid to Late Embryonic Skeletal Muscle of Sheep and the Relationship betweenBTG2/3 andMSTN

LIU Rui-zao1,LIU Zhen1,WU Ming-ming1,2,WANG Hui-hua1,ZHU Cai-ye1,ZHANG Li1,ZHAO Fu-ping1,WEI Cai-hong1*,DU Li-xin1*

(1.InstituteofAnimalScience,ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Beijing100193,China;2.CollegeofAnimalScienceandTechnology,ChinaAgriculturalUniversity,Beijing100193,China)

The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of the sheepBTG2/3 genes in the mid to late embryonic skeletal muscle and to investigate the relationship betweenMSTNandBTG2/3.Longissimusdorsiof 85 dpc(day postconception),100 dpc,120 dpc and 135 dpc in Texel and Ujimqin sheep were collected as tested subjects.Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression ofMSTNandBTG2/3 in thelongissimusdorsi.Semimembranosus,longissimusdorsi,semitendinosus and quadriceps femoris of 100 dpc in the Texel and Ujimqin sheep were selected to detect the expression ofBTG2/3.Lentiviral vectors pFU-GW-myostatin were constructed to infect sheep myoblasts at the proliferation and differentiation stage stably and the expression ofBTG2/3 were detected at different stages.The results showed that a downward expression trend was emerged ofMSTNin Texel fetuses,whereas the expression level in Ujimqin increased after decline at 100 dpc.The expression ofBTG2 andBTG3 in Texel had downward trend after rising on 100 dpc,butBTG2 represented decrease-increase-decrease trend andBTG3 represented opposite trend toBTG2 in Ujimqin.Expression levels in different muscle on 100 dpc in the Texel and Ujimqin showed that,BTG2 gene expression was significantly higher(P<0.01) in Texellongissimusdorsiand semitendinosus than that in Ujimqin,andBTG3 gene expression was significantly lower(P<0.01) in Texel semimembranosus andlongissimusdorsithan that in Ujimqin.Transfection and interference efficiency of lentiviral vector were very high.After transfected myoblast at proliferation and differentiation stage,respectively,expression levels ofBTG2 andBTG3 also were decreased significantly(P<0.01) at both stages.The results indicate thatBTG2 andBTG3 play an important role in sheep skeletal muscle growth from the mid to late embryonic stage and may be involved in myostatin regulatory pathway.Our study provide an insight into the molecular regulation mechanism of embryonic development in sheep.

BTG2/3;Texel;Ujimqin;fetus;myostatin interference

10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2015.11.002

2014-11-28

優(yōu)質(zhì)肉、毛羊新品種(系)選育與關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究及示范(2011BAD28B05-2);肉羊產(chǎn)業(yè)體系崗位科學(xué)家

劉瑞鑿(1988-),男,河北雞澤人,碩士,主要從事動(dòng)物遺傳育種方面的研究,E-mail:rzliu1988@sina.com

*通信作者:魏彩虹,副研究員,E-mail:weicaihong@caas.cn;杜立新,教授,E-mail:lxdu@263.net

S826;S813.3

A

0366-6964(2015)11-1916-08

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