劉良兵
1武漢大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院第二臨床學(xué)院 432300 武漢
?
論 著
慢病毒介導(dǎo)的結(jié)腸癌轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)基因1過表達(dá)對(duì)膀胱癌T24細(xì)胞增殖侵襲能力以及對(duì)肝細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)因子信號(hào)通路的影響
劉良兵1
1武漢大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院第二臨床學(xué)院 432300 武漢
目的:觀察結(jié)腸癌轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)基因1(MACC1)對(duì)膀胱癌細(xì)胞株T24增殖、侵襲能力以及對(duì)肝細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)因子信號(hào)通路(HGF/c-Met)的影響。方法:構(gòu)建靶向過表達(dá)MACC1基因的慢病毒載體LV-MACC1-GFP,感染膀胱癌T24細(xì)胞株,經(jīng)過篩選,建立穩(wěn)定過表達(dá)MACC1基因的膀胱癌T24細(xì)胞株。通過實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量 PCR、蛋白質(zhì)印跡法(western blotting)分別檢測(cè)MACC1、HGF、c-Met基因mRNA與蛋白表達(dá)量,噻唑藍(lán)(MTT)比色法、Transwell體外細(xì)胞侵襲實(shí)驗(yàn)分別研究穩(wěn)定過表達(dá)MACC1基因?qū)?xì)胞增殖和遷移的影響。結(jié)果:與陰性對(duì)照組相比,實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量 PCR 與western blotting證實(shí),慢病毒LV-MACC1-GFP組MACC1、HGF、c-Met mRNA與蛋白表達(dá)量皆顯著升高,Transwell細(xì)胞侵襲實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示LV-MACC1-GFP組細(xì)胞遷移能力顯著增強(qiáng)(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:慢病毒介導(dǎo)穩(wěn)定過表達(dá)MACC1基因能使膀胱癌T24細(xì)胞株的增殖能力及侵襲能力增強(qiáng),活化HGF/c-Met通路。
膀胱癌;T24細(xì)胞;結(jié)腸癌轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)基因1;過表達(dá)
結(jié)腸癌轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)基因1(metastasis associated in colon cancer genes-1, MACC1)在多種腫瘤中發(fā)現(xiàn)可以調(diào)節(jié)肝細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)因子信號(hào)通路(HGF/c-met),這種調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制在腫瘤的增殖、侵襲、血管生成等過程發(fā)揮了不可或缺的作用[1]。在膀胱癌的組織中已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了MACC1與c-Met基因的表達(dá)[2],然而研究尚未涉及到細(xì)胞水平,本研究旨在于細(xì)胞水平研究MACC1基因的表達(dá)調(diào)節(jié)HGF/c-Met通路的作用以及對(duì)膀胱癌增殖侵襲能力的影響。
1.1 材料
人膀胱癌細(xì)胞株T24,人永生化尿路上皮細(xì)胞SV-HUC-1購(gòu)于中國(guó)科學(xué)院上海細(xì)胞庫。胎牛血清、RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)基購(gòu)于Gibco公司,兔抗人MACC1抗體購(gòu)自美國(guó)Sigma公司,兔抗人HGF和c-Met多克隆抗體購(gòu)自北京博奧森生物技術(shù)有限公司,MACC1過表達(dá)的重組慢病毒顆粒由上海吉?jiǎng)P公司構(gòu)建、合成。總RNA提取試劑、逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒、實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量 PCR試劑盒購(gòu)自武漢丁香園生物試劑有限公司,熒光實(shí)時(shí)定量PCR引物由武漢邁進(jìn)有限公司設(shè)計(jì)合成,噻唑藍(lán)(MTT)購(gòu)自Promega公司,Transwell小室購(gòu)自Corning公司。
1.2 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)
膀胱癌T24細(xì)胞以含10%胎牛血清的RPMI-1640培養(yǎng)基、尿路上皮SV-HUC-1細(xì)胞以含10%胎牛血清的F12K培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng)在37 ℃、CO2體積分?jǐn)?shù)為5%的培養(yǎng)箱中常規(guī)培養(yǎng),待細(xì)胞鋪滿后,每3~4 d用0.25%的胰蛋白酶(含0.01% EDTA)消化、傳代,取對(duì)數(shù)期細(xì)胞用于實(shí)驗(yàn)。細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)與基因轉(zhuǎn)染觀察待細(xì)胞融合度達(dá) 40%~60%時(shí),按照慢病毒轉(zhuǎn)染說明書操作,以MACC1基因過表達(dá)重組慢病毒顆粒(LV-MACC1-GFP)和空載體對(duì)照慢病毒顆粒(LV-GFP)分別感染膀胱癌T24細(xì)胞,作為實(shí)驗(yàn)組(LV-MACC1-GFP組)和過表達(dá)陰性對(duì)照組(LV-GFP組),空白對(duì)照組細(xì)胞不做任何處理,3組常規(guī)培養(yǎng),待細(xì)胞長(zhǎng)滿孔板,常規(guī)消化收集細(xì)胞樣本。其次為RNA干擾實(shí)驗(yàn),取對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期T24細(xì)胞,用含10%胎牛血清的RPMI-1640培養(yǎng)液懸浮后,以2×105個(gè)/ 孔的密度接種于6孔板中。 Lipofectamine 3000用Opti-MEM預(yù)混后,靜置5 min,加入Opti-MEM稀釋后的MACC1-siRNA ,序列為5'-ATCAACTGTCTGCTTCTAA-3'和陰性對(duì)照的negtive-siRNA(RNA干擾陰性對(duì)照),序列為5'-CAACAAGATGAAGAGCACC-3,混勻后室溫靜置20 min。 將混合物按分組加入含T24細(xì)胞的6孔板中,置于37℃、5% CO2的細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng),48 h后收集細(xì)胞進(jìn)行后續(xù)試驗(yàn)。
1.3 蛋白質(zhì)印跡法
根據(jù)BCA試劑盒說明書測(cè)細(xì)胞總蛋白濃度,灌制SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝膠;取40 μg的等量蛋白質(zhì)樣品與1×SDS凝膠加樣緩沖液按1∶1混合,置10℃加熱3 min使蛋白質(zhì)變性,進(jìn)行SDS-PAGE膠電泳分離,以90 V電轉(zhuǎn)移至PVDF膜,轉(zhuǎn)膜時(shí)間90 min,對(duì)照蛋白質(zhì)Marker 將所需片斷剪下,5%脫脂奶粉封閉2 h;加一抗,4℃ 孵育12 h,TBS洗膜3次,每次10 min; 加二抗,37℃ 孵育2 h,TBS洗膜3次,每次10 min;ECL顯色,以β-actin作內(nèi)對(duì)照。實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
1.4 實(shí)時(shí)定量PCR T24細(xì)胞MACC1中的表達(dá)收集
處于對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的3組細(xì)胞,按以下步驟操作:①按照TRIzol試劑說明提取總RNA,1%的瓊脂糖變性凝膠電泳檢測(cè)RNA的完整性,紫外分光光度計(jì)檢測(cè)RNA的純度和濃度;②按逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒逆轉(zhuǎn)錄得cDNA,MACC1上游引物:5'-CTTGCGGAGGTCACCATAGC-3',下游引物:5'-GATTTCCAA CAA CGGG CTCA-3';HGF上游引物:5-'ATGCATGACCTGCAATGGG-3',下游引物:GAGTATAGCACCATGGCCTCG;c-Met上游引物:5'-TCTTCTT CCTCG GAC TCGCT-3',下游引物:5'-GGTGTCGTTTGGAGGTGTGT-3';以β-actin 為內(nèi)參上游引物:5,-GGGAAATC GTGCGTGACAT-3',下游引物:5'-CTGGAA GGTGG AC AGCGAG-3'。反應(yīng)條件如下:70℃ 10 min、冰浴2 min、42℃ 60 min、70℃ 10 min;③實(shí)時(shí)定量PCR(quantification real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)反應(yīng)參數(shù)設(shè)置:95℃ 20 s;95℃ 5 s,60℃ 20 s,72℃ 5 s,40個(gè)循環(huán),每個(gè)樣品做3個(gè)平行管,每次實(shí)驗(yàn)至少重復(fù)3次; 數(shù)據(jù)分析由定量PCR儀器Opticon MonitorTM Analysis software軟件自動(dòng)完成。
1.5 MTT比色法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞增殖
取對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期5組細(xì)胞,5×103/孔種于96孔板。分別于接種后的第1、2、3天每組細(xì)胞取5個(gè)孔,每孔加入20 μl MTT溶液(5 g/L),37℃、體積分?jǐn)?shù)為5% CO2繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)4 h后棄掉各孔內(nèi)的培養(yǎng)基,每孔加入二甲基亞砜(DMSO) 200 μl,低速振蕩10 min使結(jié)晶充分溶解,酶標(biāo)儀檢測(cè)490 nm波長(zhǎng)的吸光度,每組設(shè)5個(gè)復(fù)孔,實(shí)驗(yàn)均重復(fù)3次。
1.6 Transwell 侵襲實(shí)驗(yàn)
將-20℃保存的 Matrigel基質(zhì)膠,置于 4℃融化。Matrigel用無血清 RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)液按1∶8比例稀釋后,每孔 60 μl 均勻地鋪在transwell小室聚碳酯膜(8 μm孔徑)內(nèi)面,37℃干燥 4 h 形成模擬基質(zhì)層。待成膠后,消化細(xì)胞,用含5%FBS 的RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)液配制4×105/ml 細(xì)胞懸液。將各組細(xì)胞懸液以200 μl體積加入transwell小室上室,下室加入600 μl 含10% FBS 的RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)液,每組3 復(fù)孔。常規(guī)培養(yǎng) 24 h 后,用棉簽拭去聚碳酯膜內(nèi)表面細(xì)胞,PBS 沖洗,干燥,再用 0.1%結(jié)晶紫染色 30 min,隨機(jī)選取5個(gè)視野觀察,計(jì)數(shù)每個(gè)視野的細(xì)胞數(shù),取平均數(shù),重復(fù)3次。
1.7 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
過表達(dá)MACC1基因增加膀胱癌T24細(xì)胞MACC1、HGF、c-Met蛋白表達(dá),MACC1抑制表達(dá)則使各目的蛋白表達(dá)降低。
Western blotting顯示,較空載對(duì)照LV-GFP組和空白對(duì)照細(xì)胞組比較,LV-MACC1-GFP組MACC1、HGF、c-Met蛋白表達(dá)顯著增高,空載對(duì)照LV-GFP組和空白對(duì)照細(xì)胞組比較則無明顯不同(圖1)。
過表達(dá)MACC1基因增加膀胱癌T24細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)活性,MTT結(jié)果顯示,與空白對(duì)照組比較,在各個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn),LV-MACC1-GFP組細(xì)胞增殖能力明顯升高(P<0.05),而MACC1基因抑制表達(dá)則使細(xì)胞增殖明顯降低(P>0.05)(圖2)。
實(shí)時(shí)定量PCR顯示,T24細(xì)胞與SV-HUC-1相比,MACC1、HGF、c-Met基因表達(dá)水平皆明顯升高(P<0.05)(圖3)。
過表達(dá)MACC1基因增加膀胱癌T24細(xì)胞MACC1、HGF、c-Met mRNA水平的表達(dá),而MACC1-SiRNA可以明顯抑制MACC1基因熒光表達(dá),且HGF和c-MetmRNA表達(dá)也隨之下降。
定量PCR實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示在LV-MACC1-GFP組細(xì)胞中,MACC1、HGF、c-Met mRNA的表達(dá)LV-GFP組、空白對(duì)照細(xì)胞組及negtive-SiRNA組顯著增高(P<0.001)。而空載對(duì)照LV-GFP組和空白對(duì)照細(xì)胞組和negtive-SiRNA之間各基因mRNA表達(dá)差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)(圖4)。
MACC1基因過表達(dá)質(zhì)粒對(duì)T24細(xì)胞體外侵襲能力的影響,與空白對(duì)照組T24細(xì)胞的穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù)(102.7±7.8),LV-GFP組穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù)(103.9±8.4)和negtive-SiRNA組(103.9±8.1)比較,LV-MACC1-GFP轉(zhuǎn)染組的穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù)(278.4±24.8)顯著增多 (P<0.05),而抑制MACC1表達(dá)后,則使穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù)顯著降低(50.9±5.2)。
圖1 5組細(xì)胞各蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量
圖2 5組細(xì)胞MTT增殖曲線
圖3 MACC1、c-Met、HGF基因在T24細(xì)胞與HV-SUC1細(xì)胞的表達(dá)
1:LV-MACC1-GFP組;2:LV-GFP組;3:空白對(duì)照;4:MACC1-SiRNA;5:negtive-SiRNA。
圖4 MACC1過表達(dá)與抑制表達(dá)各基因相對(duì)表達(dá)量的比較
A:LV-MACC1-GFP組;B:LV-GFP組;C:空白對(duì)照組;D:MACC1-SiRNA組;E:negtive-SiRNA組。
圖5 5組細(xì)胞transwell侵襲實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人膀胱癌 T24細(xì)胞存在MACC1的表達(dá),并且通過質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染使MACC1在T24細(xì)胞中過表達(dá),可以顯著提高T24細(xì)胞的增殖與侵襲能力,并且可以顯著提高在HGF/c-met信號(hào)通路中HGF與c-met的表達(dá),故而本研究表明,MACC1的高表達(dá)在膀胱癌的發(fā)生、進(jìn)展、轉(zhuǎn)移侵襲的過程中起到了促進(jìn)作用。
MACCl基因是首次在結(jié)腸癌的研究中被鑒定發(fā)現(xiàn),其基因定位于人類7號(hào)染色體(7p21.1),在結(jié)腸癌的增殖、分化、侵襲的過程中起到了重要的作用,多項(xiàng)研究表明MACC1發(fā)揮作用主要通過激活HGF/c-met信號(hào)通路的激活而達(dá)成[3]。MACC1是HGF/c-met信號(hào)通路的關(guān)鍵調(diào)控因子,可以明顯的上調(diào)c-met基因的表達(dá),與HGF協(xié)同作用,共同顯著地促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞的侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移[4~6]。而本研究通過細(xì)胞實(shí)驗(yàn)首次在膀胱癌中證實(shí)了MACC1對(duì)HGF/c-met信號(hào)通路相關(guān)基因表達(dá)的促進(jìn)作用。
研究表明,HGF/c-met信號(hào)通路激活可以促進(jìn)細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)、血管生成,并且廣泛參與了上皮細(xì)胞間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化的過程。在HGF/c-met信號(hào)通路中,HGF與其受體c-met特異性結(jié)合后,使c-met產(chǎn)生自身磷酸化反應(yīng),引起級(jí)聯(lián)瀑布式磷酸化反應(yīng),將信號(hào)放大傳遞至細(xì)胞核內(nèi),從而促進(jìn)細(xì)胞的增殖HGF/c-met信號(hào)通路通過誘導(dǎo)基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶(matrixmetalloprotease, MMP)和血管內(nèi)皮生長(zhǎng)因子(vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF)的表達(dá),促進(jìn)腫瘤破壞正?;|(zhì)與加強(qiáng)腫瘤生血管的作用,從而引起腫瘤的生長(zhǎng)和轉(zhuǎn)移。并且有研究表明MACC1與HGF/c-met還存在正反饋協(xié)同促進(jìn)的作用,MACC1的表達(dá)可以促進(jìn)c-met基因表達(dá),進(jìn)而活化HGF從而共同促進(jìn)腫瘤增殖轉(zhuǎn)移的作用,而HGF作用的活化,又反過來可以促進(jìn)MACC1基因的表達(dá)[5,7]。
根據(jù)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,MACC1正常人體組織表達(dá)水平很低,而在許多腫瘤組織中表達(dá)則相對(duì)較高,并且MACC1的表達(dá)水平與腫瘤的增殖、轉(zhuǎn)移強(qiáng)相關(guān),并影響腫瘤患者的預(yù)后結(jié)果。在結(jié)腸癌[3]、肝癌[4]、卵巢癌[8]的研究中皆證實(shí),MACC1的高表達(dá)會(huì)導(dǎo)致預(yù)后結(jié)果不佳,這表明MACC1的表達(dá)可以作為腫瘤診斷和判斷預(yù)后的標(biāo)志物。
目前,膀胱癌的化療雖有改進(jìn),但與其他系統(tǒng)腫瘤相比化療效果仍舊不理想[9],分子靶向治療已成為一個(gè)膀胱癌臨床治療的新的熱點(diǎn),c-met基因已經(jīng)被作為腫瘤靶向治療和基因治療的靶點(diǎn)而得到深入的研究[10],本項(xiàng)研究表明MACC1表達(dá)升高引起腫瘤的增殖以及侵襲力提高,并導(dǎo)致c-met與HGF基因表達(dá)升高,盡管如此,對(duì)MACC1的研究可為治療膀胱癌開辟新的路徑和提供新的治療靶點(diǎn),提供新的思路。
[1]Wang G, Fu Z, Li D. MACC1 overexpression and survival in solid tumors: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol, 2015,36(2):1055-1065.
[2]龍俊任,董自強(qiáng),熊飛,等.膀胱癌組織中MACC1、c-Met表達(dá)變化及意義.山東醫(yī)藥,2012,52(18):74-75.
[3]Stein U, Walther W, Arlt F, et al. MACC1, a newly identified key regulator of HGF-MET signaling, predicts colon cancer metastasis. Nat Med, 2009,15(1):59-67.
[4]Ge Y, Meng X, Zhou Y, et al. Positive MACC1 expression correlates with invasive behaviors and postoperative liver metastasis in colon cancer. Int J Clin Exp Med, 2015,8(1):1094-1100.
[5]Birchmeier C, Birchmeier W, Gherardi E, et al. Met, metastasis, motility and more. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2003,4(12):915-925.
[6]Sueta A, Yamamoto Y, Yamamoto-Ibusuki M, et al. Differential role of MACC1 expression and its regulation of the HGF/cMet pathway between breast and colorectal cancer. Int J Oncol, 2015,46 (5):2143-2153.
[7]Arlt F, Stein U. Colon cancer metastasis: MACC1 and Met as metastatic pacemakers. Int J Biochem Cell Biol, 2009,41(12):2356-2359.
[8]Sheng XJ, Li Z, Sun M, et al. MACC1 induces metastasis in ovarian carcinoma by upregulating hepatocyte growth factor receptor c-MET. Oncol lett, 2014,8(2):891-897.
[9]魏曉龍,郭和清.晚期膀胱癌化療進(jìn)展.微創(chuàng)泌尿外科雜志,2013,2(2):146-150.
[10]You H, Ding W, Dang H, et al. c-Met represents a potential therapeutic target for personalized treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology, 2011,54(3):879-889.
Lentivirus-mediated over-expression of MACC1 accelerates proliferation and invasion of bladder carcinoma T24 cells andactivates hepatocyte growth factor /c-Met pathway
LiuLiangbing1
(1Department of Urology, the Second Clinical Medical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan 432300, China)
Liu Liangbing, lucan750@163.com
Objective: To investigate the effects of MACC1 on proliferation and invasion of T24 cells. Methods: MACC1 gene coding region was cloned into lentivirus vector, and lentivirus particles were infected into the human bladder carcinoma cell line T24 to upregulate the expression of MACC1 gene. The up-regulated efficiency of targeting MACC1 gene at mRNA level was detected by real-time quantitative PCR, the effect on proliferation of T24 cells was assayed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and the invasion ability was detected by transwell motility assay. Results: The lentiviral vector targeting MACC1 gene was constructed successfully, and a stable human bladder cancer cell line T24 line that up-regulated MACC1 was established. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting results showed that the expression of MACC1, HGF, and c-Met gene was efficiently up-regulated by infecting LV-MACC1-GFP (P<0.05). The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and growth curve showed that the over-expression of the MACC1 gene successfully increased the proliferative capability of T24 cells. The transwell assay also showed similar increasing results on the migration ability (P<0.001). The number of transmembrane cells in LV-MACC1-GFP group was 230.3% of blank control group. Conclusions: The MACC1 gene plays a significant role in the proliferation and migration abilities of human bladder cancer cell line T24.
bladder carcinoma; T24 cells; metastasis associated in colon cancer -1; overexpression
劉良兵,lucan750@163.com
2015-07-12
R737.14
A
2095-5146(2015)06-372-05