李健偉 劉亞萍
淺談高考英語聽力題的解題策略
李健偉劉亞萍
【摘要】語言學(xué)習(xí)的最終目的是運(yùn)用語言進(jìn)行交流(communication),即聽、說、讀、寫的過程,然而,要能夠進(jìn)行口頭交流,首先要能準(zhǔn)確獲取對(duì)方所表達(dá)的信息,也就是說,首先要聽懂對(duì)方的話??梢姡牐╨istening)在語言學(xué)習(xí)中占有重要的地位,這就是高考英語為什么那么重視聽力考試的原因所在。高考英語聽力分值為30分,占全卷分?jǐn)?shù)的20%,每一位高中英語教師都極為重視,都在不斷地探索、研究提高學(xué)生聽力能力的途徑和方法。
【關(guān)鍵詞】語言學(xué)習(xí);聽力;考試;策略
良好的應(yīng)試習(xí)慣是得分的關(guān)鍵。教師要教學(xué)生養(yǎng)成拿到考題后馬上進(jìn)入聽力準(zhǔn)備的習(xí)慣,通過閱讀聽力材料的題干和選項(xiàng),學(xué)生應(yīng)具備猜測(cè)出部分對(duì)話或獨(dú)白的話題的能力,如:
例1:How much should the man pay?
A. 30 dollars.
B. 54 dollars.
C. 60 dollars.
該考題應(yīng)該是考查購物。聽力材料中會(huì)出現(xiàn)大量購物語言如:What can I do for you? Can I help you? I’m looking for... I want to buy...,What size/What color do you like? I’ll give you a 20 percent discount if you buy 2.這樣,學(xué)生就明白在聽的時(shí)候要做必要的數(shù)字記錄,在答題時(shí)進(jìn)行簡單計(jì)算去獲得答案。
例2:What’s the matter with the man?
A. He had a headache.
B. He had a stomache.
C. He had his leg injured.
該考題應(yīng)該是考查看病就醫(yī),聽力材料中會(huì)出現(xiàn)就醫(yī)用語,如:What’s the matter with you?/What can I do for you? I don’t feel very well,Take these medicine three times a day. You’d better drink more water and have a good rest at home.等。
例3:(1)What’s the speaker?
A. A teacher.
B. A guide.
C. A tourist.
(2)How long will it take them to get to the Tiananmen Square?
A. Half an hour.
B. Forty-five minutes.
C. An hour.
(3)When will they begin to visit Beihai Park?
A. 2:00 pm.
B. 3:00pm.
C. 6:00pm.
(4)Where will they have dinner?
A. In their hotel.
B. At a restaurant.
C. On their way to their hotel.
讀完例3之后,學(xué)生應(yīng)該能夠猜測(cè)出該獨(dú)白是一位導(dǎo)游在對(duì)游客介紹日程安排,從而有傾向性地關(guān)注事件發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)、人物、事件。
歸納起來,如果一份高考試卷中學(xué)生通過預(yù)讀能把握住4~5題的話題,將會(huì)使聽的過程變得更輕松。
在聽力教學(xué)過程中我發(fā)現(xiàn),有些學(xué)生在聽套題的過程中,總是在等待對(duì)話和獨(dú)白的開始,不會(huì)充分利用間隙時(shí)間去聽。
(一)抓住連詞前后的內(nèi)容判定答案
1.關(guān)注but,however,unless,because等連詞后面的句子。如:
A:Would you like to come to my house for dinner this Friday evening?
B:I’d love to,but I’m afraid I can’t,I have to take care of my mother in the hospital.
題干:Why can’t the man go to the woman’s house for dinner.
答案應(yīng)該是Because his mother was ill in the hospital.
2.關(guān)注if,unless,instead of,otherwise等連詞前面的內(nèi)容。
3.對(duì)于聽兩遍的對(duì)話,第一遍如果沒獲取準(zhǔn)確答案,務(wù)必確定答案的基本位置,以便第二遍聽的時(shí)候有所側(cè)重。
4.對(duì)話A提出三個(gè)建議或三個(gè)問句,答語中往往否定前二者,肯定第三個(gè)。
例如:
What did they decide to eat in the end?
A. To eat at a Chinese restaurant.
B. To take a bus to another restaurant.
C. To walk home straight.
聽力內(nèi)容:
...
孟子說:“吾善養(yǎng)吾浩然之氣”,孔子說:“見賢思齊”,也是這個(gè)意思。如果讀書而不敦品,則只能成為一個(gè)知識(shí)庫,一個(gè)“書囊”,充其量只是有知識(shí)而已。讀書如果不珍惜自己的品德,那就錯(cuò)了。我認(rèn)為人才是靠自我造就的,當(dāng)然老師和學(xué)校都很重要,但自己如不能奮發(fā)努力,也就很難有成就,所以人才歸根結(jié)蒂是要看自己能不能敦品自勵(lì)、刻苦鍛煉。而且這是長期的、一輩子的事,不是幾個(gè)月幾年的事。
A:What about eating in the French restaurant?
B:I ate there last Monday evening,the service was too slow.
A:That’s really slow,how about going to the Italian restaurant nearby?
B:You can say so,but the service was slow,too.
A:Then what about going to the Chinese restaurant.
B:That’s a good idea.
該類型就屬于對(duì)話A提出三個(gè)建議或三個(gè)問句,答語中往往否定前二者,肯定第三個(gè);該情景在生活中非常常見,屬于考查重點(diǎn)。
5.對(duì)話者B答語先否定,再陳述自己的思想,則后半句通常就是答案句。
A. In Paris.
B. In the south.
C. In the north.
聽力內(nèi)容:
A:Are you going to visit Paris? Everyone looks forward to visit Paris.
B:actually,I’m not going to Paris,I’m going to the north of France.所以,答案應(yīng)該是C。
6.注重口語基礎(chǔ),促進(jìn)聽的能力。教師應(yīng)要求學(xué)生記住一些慣用句的表達(dá),如購物、點(diǎn)菜、就醫(yī)建議等;如:May I have your order now?I’m looking for... I want to book a double room/single room. What’s the weather like today?/What’s wrong with you?通過這些句子,可判斷人物的身份、職業(yè)、對(duì)話場(chǎng)所、談話內(nèi)容等。
(二)養(yǎng)成邊聽邊記錄重點(diǎn)信息的習(xí)慣
1.用握手指和畫線記錄來計(jì)數(shù),如:
How many languages can the man speak?
A. 4.B. 3.C. 5.
W:How many languages do you know?
M:Well,besides my native language,I can also speak English,F(xiàn)rench,Spanish,and Italian.
如果你只用心去記,很容易記錯(cuò),而你若用握下手指或者畫圈、鉤計(jì)數(shù),則不易記錯(cuò)。
2.適當(dāng)記住動(dòng)作行為的時(shí)間起點(diǎn)和終點(diǎn),購物原價(jià)格以及折扣百分比數(shù)及購買數(shù)量是1件還是2件,然后在聽完之后進(jìn)行簡單的計(jì)算,答案的準(zhǔn)確率自然就高了。
例如:How long will it take them to arrive in the Summer Palace?
A. 15 minutes.
B. Half an hour.
C. 45 minutes.
W:ladies and gentlemen,I’d like to tell you tomorrow’s schedule. We will get up early in the morning at 6:00,and we will have a wash and have breakfast then take a bus to the summer palace at
(三)平時(shí)多聽,考試不驚
俗話說:“平時(shí)多流汗,戰(zhàn)時(shí)少流血?!备呖歼^程中,大多數(shù)考生能夠不慌不忙地應(yīng)試,但也有部分學(xué)生在高考中存在心理緊張,大腦一片模糊的情況;緊張的原因很大程度上是由于平時(shí)聽的少,聽力能力弱,而考試時(shí)又寄托很大的希望,從而適得其反,造成心理緊張。所以,只有在平時(shí)堅(jiān)持聽力訓(xùn)練,掌握聽力應(yīng)試技巧,方能在大考中從容應(yīng)對(duì),遇事不急,達(dá)到穩(wěn)中取勝。
總之,聽力在語言學(xué)習(xí)中的重要性是眾所周知的,在高考中的重要性也不言而喻,考生只有通過長期堅(jiān)持,不斷歸納總結(jié)、積累方法技巧,才能夠做到胸有成竹,運(yùn)籌帷幄。
作者信息:675000,云南楚雄,云南省楚雄市云南省祿豐縣第一中學(xué)
532349753@qq.com
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