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關(guān)節(jié)鏡下四骨道雙束固定治療急性肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)RockwoodⅤ型脫位

2014-07-05 13:20:07陸偉王大平朱偉民歐陽(yáng)侃柳海峰彭亮權(quán)李皓馮文哲
中華肩肘外科電子雜志 2014年3期
關(guān)鍵詞:骨道肩鎖鎖骨

陸偉 王大平 朱偉民 歐陽(yáng)侃 柳海峰 彭亮權(quán) 李皓 馮文哲

關(guān)節(jié)鏡下四骨道雙束固定治療急性肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)RockwoodⅤ型脫位

陸偉 王大平 朱偉民 歐陽(yáng)侃 柳海峰 彭亮權(quán) 李皓 馮文哲

目的探討關(guān)節(jié)鏡下四骨道四袢雙束固定修復(fù)急性肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)RockwoodⅤ型脫位的方法及近期療效。方法選擇2010年10月至2013年6月,12例急性肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)RockwoodⅤ型損傷的患者(男性9例,女性3例),平均年齡28.2歲。10例為運(yùn)動(dòng)致傷,2例為跌倒致傷。具體步驟分為5部分:(1)術(shù)前測(cè)量患者健側(cè)特定體位喙突CT三維影像特點(diǎn),測(cè)量喙突頸部寬度、喙突與肩胛骨的夾角及喙突與鎖骨的關(guān)系,明確喙突骨道中心點(diǎn)位置及其于鎖骨外端的投影;(2)肩關(guān)節(jié)鏡下經(jīng)盂肱關(guān)節(jié)暴露喙突下表面,標(biāo)記喙突骨道中心;(3)于肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)上方做橫切口,保留鎖骨外端并切除肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)軟骨盤(pán);(4)將肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)復(fù)位,克氏針臨時(shí)固定后,采用自行設(shè)計(jì)的定位器,根據(jù)術(shù)前測(cè)量的喙突與鎖骨的骨道定位,分別于鎖骨外緣與喙突下表面間各鉆相隔約6mm,直徑3.5mm骨道(共4條骨道),穿入牽引導(dǎo)線(xiàn);(5)采用并列的兩套雙Endobutton袢和Utra-braid固定系統(tǒng),分別固定于鎖骨外端上表面與喙突頸部下表面間。術(shù)后采用較積極的康復(fù)程序,隨訪(fǎng)時(shí)間6~30個(gè)月。術(shù)后采用疼痛VAS評(píng)分、恢復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)情況、Constant評(píng)分、Karlsson肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)評(píng)分評(píng)價(jià)術(shù)后療效。采用SPSS 18.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。結(jié)果術(shù)后11例患者獲得隨訪(fǎng),X線(xiàn)片和CT三維重建顯示Endobutton位置良好,無(wú)脫出或斷裂,無(wú)鎖骨或喙突骨質(zhì)吸收,肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)無(wú)再發(fā)生脫位或半脫位。8例男性患者與1例女性患者術(shù)后3~5個(gè)月恢復(fù)傷前運(yùn)動(dòng)水平,包括對(duì)抗與過(guò)度運(yùn)動(dòng)。另外2例因其他原因放棄原來(lái)運(yùn)動(dòng),但不影響正常生活和工作。8例術(shù)后平均6.34±3.2周時(shí)VAS評(píng)分<3分,4例術(shù)后肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)疼痛持續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)(VAS評(píng)分4~6分),但12~18周后VAS評(píng)分<3分。術(shù)后肩關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)范圍平均恢復(fù)時(shí)間為6.32±2.11周,術(shù)后 Constant評(píng)分(91.2±1.67)分(88~100分),術(shù)后 Karlsson評(píng)分10例優(yōu),1例良。患者均對(duì)治療效果滿(mǎn)意。結(jié)論采用關(guān)節(jié)鏡下四骨道四袢雙束固定方法修復(fù)急性肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)Rockwood-Ⅴ型脫位,生物固定牢固,手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷小,并且避免了雙袢單骨道應(yīng)力過(guò)于集中、拉力線(xiàn)單薄等缺點(diǎn),是治療急性肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)RockwoodⅤ型損傷較好的方法。

肩鎖關(guān)節(jié);脫位;肩關(guān)節(jié)鏡;四骨道

治療肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)RockwoodⅤ型脫位的方法較多。過(guò)去常用的是創(chuàng)傷較大的切開(kāi)法(采用鎖骨鉤鋼板固定)。近年來(lái),有學(xué)者采用關(guān)節(jié)鏡輔助下鎖骨-喙突螺釘固定方法,但需要在6周后取出;還有學(xué)者采用關(guān)節(jié)鏡下雙Endobutton袢單束固定方法進(jìn)行固定,效果不錯(cuò),但發(fā)現(xiàn)部分患者發(fā)生Endobutton間的縫合線(xiàn)斷裂,復(fù)發(fā)再脫位或袢下骨質(zhì)吸收[1-4]。本文介紹采用自行設(shè)計(jì)的定位裝置,四骨道四袢雙束固定方法,在肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)復(fù)位后進(jìn)行鎖骨與喙突固定的12例患者,效果良好,報(bào)道如下。

材料與方法

一、患者選擇

2010年10月至2013年6月,選擇12例急性肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)RockwoodⅤ型損傷的患者(男性9例,女性3例),平均年齡28.2歲。10例為運(yùn)動(dòng)致傷,2例為跌倒致傷。所有患者均在傷后2周內(nèi)行修復(fù)術(shù),且手術(shù)均由同一位高年資醫(yī)生完成。

二、術(shù)前骨道定位設(shè)計(jì)

所有患者均采用雙側(cè)肩關(guān)節(jié)90°內(nèi)旋位(掌心向下)CT掃描,分別測(cè)量肩胛骨長(zhǎng)軸與冠狀面的角度(A),再于喙突頸部做與肩胛骨長(zhǎng)軸平行線(xiàn)(S),測(cè)量該平行線(xiàn)在喙突頸部寬度(P),喙突頸部的中點(diǎn)即為準(zhǔn)備鉆制的兩個(gè)骨道間的中心原點(diǎn),做該點(diǎn)的與P線(xiàn)的垂直交叉線(xiàn),骨道定位位于該原點(diǎn)的Ⅰ、Ⅱ象限,兩骨道間相距6mm(圖1)。

圖1 骨道定位示意圖

三、手術(shù)技術(shù)

根據(jù)術(shù)前測(cè)量的骨道數(shù)據(jù),用自行設(shè)計(jì)的肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)雙束四骨道定位器。采用兩組各兩枚Endobutton袢固定方法,進(jìn)行肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)四骨道雙束固定。該技術(shù)包括以下5部分內(nèi)容:(1)肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)探查,喙突下表面顯露:采用70°、4.5mm 的關(guān)節(jié)鏡,常規(guī)肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)后方入路,并引導(dǎo)做肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)前方入路。于肩胛下肌腱上方,用射頻向內(nèi)側(cè)逐漸分離肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)前內(nèi)側(cè)關(guān)節(jié)囊,直到喙突下表面,清理喙突頸部下表面軟組織,暴露喙突頸部。(2)肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)探查,肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)盤(pán)切除及鎖骨外端部分切除成形:經(jīng)肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)上方做2~3cm與鎖骨平行的橫切口,分層切開(kāi),暴露肩鎖關(guān)節(jié),清除破裂的關(guān)節(jié)盤(pán),并將鎖骨外端磨平整,之后將肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)復(fù)位,克氏針臨時(shí)固定。(3)采用自行設(shè)計(jì)的定位器(專(zhuān)利編號(hào)ZL 2013 2 0217047.4),將定位器頭部放于喙突頸部下表面,橫桿及2.4mm定位導(dǎo)針置于鎖骨上表面,將導(dǎo)針插入A孔,鉆透喙突下表面后,用3.5mm空心鉆擴(kuò)孔。將橫桿調(diào)整到預(yù)先測(cè)定的肩胛骨軸線(xiàn)與冠狀面的角度,距A孔6mm,再將2.4mm導(dǎo)針插入橫桿的B孔擴(kuò)孔。(4)將一塊Endobutton紐扣鋼板用3根 Utra-braid線(xiàn)(Smith & Nephew,Andover,Ma)環(huán)形連接后,將3條線(xiàn)從喙突下方A孔拉入,鎖骨端骨道拉出,紐扣鋼板保留在喙突下表面。將另一塊Endobutton紐扣鋼板穿入拉出的Utrabraid線(xiàn),收緊后于鎖骨端固定并打結(jié),檢查肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)固定情況滿(mǎn)意。再采用同樣方法與B孔進(jìn)行固定,完成固定過(guò)程。(5)固定后采用C臂X線(xiàn)機(jī)透視,了解固定效果及內(nèi)固定物情況。

四、術(shù)后康復(fù)

術(shù)后采用肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)外旋0°位外固定,鼓勵(lì)患者在48h后進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)募珂i關(guān)節(jié)被動(dòng)<90°的外展、前屈、外旋活動(dòng)。術(shù)后6周開(kāi)始主動(dòng)鍛煉,術(shù)后3個(gè)月開(kāi)始恢復(fù)正常生活、工作并進(jìn)行有限的恢復(fù)性運(yùn)動(dòng)。

五、術(shù)后評(píng)估

采用術(shù)后肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)疼痛VAS評(píng)分(滿(mǎn)分10)、恢復(fù)肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)范圍及恢復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間、Constant評(píng)分(滿(mǎn)分100)、Karlsson肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)評(píng)分(A、B、C三個(gè)等級(jí))評(píng)價(jià)術(shù)后療效。

六、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析

應(yīng)用SPSS 18.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件,采用χ2檢驗(yàn)或t檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理。

結(jié) 果

一、術(shù)前測(cè)量結(jié)果

12例急性肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)V型脫位患者,術(shù)前健側(cè)CT測(cè)量,肩胛骨與冠狀面夾角為(32.33±5.24)°,喙突與肩胛骨軸線(xiàn)夾角(26.35±1.55)°,喙突頸部橫徑為(2.05±1.12)cm,喙突骨道中心定位點(diǎn)(骨道原點(diǎn))在鎖骨投影距鎖骨外端(2.30±0.69)cm,距鎖骨前緣(8.92±0.32)cm,距鎖骨后緣(10.89±2.39)cm。

二、術(shù)中

術(shù)中10例患者定位與術(shù)前測(cè)量的健側(cè)結(jié)果相同,2例患者年齡<20歲,喙突定位點(diǎn)于鎖骨的投影較前,骨道鉆制較困難。采用將鎖骨定位點(diǎn)后移的斜行定位方法,鎖骨位點(diǎn)分別后移5~6mm,術(shù)中透視及術(shù)后影像學(xué)檢查位置均良好(圖2~5)。

三、術(shù)后

術(shù)后11例患者獲得隨訪(fǎng),隨訪(fǎng)時(shí)間6~30個(gè)月,平均24.2±6.8個(gè)月。術(shù)后 X線(xiàn)片 Endobutton鈦板位置良好,無(wú)脫出。8例男性患者與1例女性患者術(shù)后3~5個(gè)月恢復(fù)傷前運(yùn)動(dòng)水平,包括對(duì)抗與過(guò)度運(yùn)動(dòng)。另外2例因其他原因放棄原來(lái)運(yùn)動(dòng),但不影響正常生活和工作。

8例患者術(shù)后平均(6.34±3.2)周時(shí) VAS評(píng)分<3分,4例患者術(shù)后肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)疼痛持續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)(VAS評(píng)分4~6分),但12~18周后VAS評(píng)分<3分。術(shù)后肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)范圍恢復(fù)時(shí)間(6.32±2.11)周、術(shù)后 Constant評(píng)分(91.2±1.67)分(88~100分)、術(shù)后Karlsson評(píng)分10例優(yōu),1例良。與術(shù)前相比術(shù)后各項(xiàng)評(píng)分差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(表1)。術(shù)后無(wú)脫位或半脫位復(fù)發(fā),患者均對(duì)治療結(jié)果滿(mǎn)意。

圖2~5 肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)Rockwood V型脫位,采用四骨道四Endobutton雙束固定后CT掃描所見(jiàn)。圖2術(shù)前X線(xiàn)片顯示右肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)Rockwood V型脫位;圖3術(shù)后X線(xiàn)片顯示肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)完全復(fù)位,鎖骨端、喙突端固定Endobutton位置良好;圖4術(shù)后3D-CT顯示肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)完全復(fù)位,固定Endobutton位置良好;圖5術(shù)后CT顯示骨道-鎖骨-喙突的關(guān)系

四、典型病例

患者,27歲,因足球守門(mén)致傷入院。查體右肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)畸形,隆起,活動(dòng)障礙。Constant肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)評(píng)分22.5分。X線(xiàn)片發(fā)現(xiàn)右肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)RockwoodⅤ型脫位。采用全關(guān)節(jié)鏡下四骨道雙束4 Endobutton復(fù)位固定右肩鎖關(guān)節(jié),手術(shù)過(guò)程40min,術(shù)后當(dāng)天出院。術(shù)后即開(kāi)始被動(dòng)全范圍活動(dòng)鍛煉,術(shù)后2周開(kāi)始主動(dòng)活動(dòng)鍛煉,術(shù)后4周肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)范圍恢復(fù)正常,患者恢復(fù)日常生活和工作。術(shù)后3個(gè)月即可開(kāi)始恢復(fù)部分運(yùn)動(dòng)。術(shù)后6個(gè)月恢復(fù)足球運(yùn)動(dòng)。隨訪(fǎng)復(fù)查內(nèi)固定位置良好,無(wú)肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)松弛或不穩(wěn),無(wú)鎖骨或喙突骨質(zhì)吸收。Constant評(píng)分100分,Karlsson評(píng)分優(yōu),患者對(duì)治療效果滿(mǎn)意。

討 論

肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位是常見(jiàn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷,尤其是在接觸性運(yùn)動(dòng)如橄欖球、足球、曲棍球、滑雪以及騎自行車(chē)時(shí)跌倒。根據(jù)損傷的嚴(yán)重程度不同,通常將肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位分為RockwoodⅥ型。急性肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位的治療還存在爭(zhēng)議,有報(bào)道顯示,在一次對(duì)超過(guò)500位美國(guó)骨科運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)的成員的調(diào)查結(jié)果中,超過(guò)80%的受訪(fǎng)者選擇非手術(shù)治療作為初始方法。然而有20%~40%的患者經(jīng)保守治療急性肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位后,出現(xiàn)殘余肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)時(shí)疼痛、感覺(jué)異常、無(wú)力、抬肩容易疲勞、以及局部畸形等情況[4]。

通常采用的肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位固定的方法為鎖骨鉤鋼板治療急性肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)RockwoodⅤ型脫位,效果良好。但其創(chuàng)傷較大,肩峰下金屬鉤可能導(dǎo)致肩峰撞擊。多學(xué)者報(bào)道采用全關(guān)節(jié)鏡下Double-Button固定系統(tǒng)(Smith & Nephew,Andover)固定肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位,其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是該系統(tǒng)為生物固定,符合肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)微動(dòng)特點(diǎn),且固定可靠,足以維持到骨-韌帶愈合[1-6]。該裝置由2個(gè)鈦紐扣和4條高強(qiáng)度聚乙烯縫線(xiàn)組成,紐扣分別位于在喙突下和鎖骨上方。但該方法有2個(gè)明顯的缺陷:(1)4條固定縫線(xiàn)可能難以承受較大的喙突-鎖骨間分離的張力,導(dǎo)致縫線(xiàn)撕脫或斷裂;(2)這種紐扣寬度只有4.0mm,在較大應(yīng)力下,過(guò)度集中的應(yīng)力會(huì)導(dǎo)致其下方的骨質(zhì)吸收溶解[5,7]。

本組患者采用4骨道雙束固定肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)從根本上解決了上述兩個(gè)問(wèn)題:12條聚乙烯高強(qiáng)縫線(xiàn)、兩端各2個(gè)固定袢共4個(gè)固定承力單位,分散了應(yīng)力,增加了固定強(qiáng)度,減小了固定袢下平均受力強(qiáng)度。結(jié)果顯示隨訪(fǎng)患者無(wú)縫線(xiàn)松脫、無(wú)固定袢移位、無(wú)固定袢下方骨質(zhì)吸收溶解,患者對(duì)治療效果滿(mǎn)意。本組病例術(shù)前測(cè)量顯示,喙突頸部橫徑為(2.05±1.12)cm。該結(jié)果顯示,只要第一個(gè)骨道位置不穿破喙突內(nèi)、外側(cè)骨皮質(zhì),假設(shè)第一個(gè)骨道正好在喙突中點(diǎn),那么,其距離內(nèi)側(cè)或外側(cè)喙突皮質(zhì)的距離至少還有1.05cm,第二個(gè)骨道的鉆制就是安全的。

全關(guān)節(jié)鏡下或關(guān)節(jié)鏡輔助下進(jìn)行肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)急性脫位治療早有報(bào)道,主要有螺釘固定與雙袢固定兩種。前者由切開(kāi)手術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái),固定牢固、可靠,可借助關(guān)節(jié)鏡觀(guān)察固定情況,但需要在術(shù)后3個(gè)月取出螺釘,否則可能會(huì)因?yàn)榧珂i關(guān)節(jié)的微動(dòng)導(dǎo)致螺釘折斷;后者主要為鏡下雙袢固定,采用的是單束定位器,單束固定,技術(shù)相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單,但因固定點(diǎn)單一,術(shù)后問(wèn)題較多[2,4,6-7]。本技術(shù)的關(guān)鍵有 以下幾 個(gè)方面:首先是術(shù)前骨性結(jié)構(gòu)的測(cè)量、雙骨道中心點(diǎn)的確定。喙突與肩胛骨夾角的測(cè)量較重要,如果該夾角太小,要防止術(shù)中骨道穿破皮質(zhì)的可能;其次,骨道中心點(diǎn)位置的確定,該中心點(diǎn)在年齡<18歲的患者會(huì)偏前(本組2例),位于鎖骨前緣前方,此時(shí),需要相應(yīng)調(diào)整骨道定位器的角度,向后偏離,直到鎖骨骨道位置適中為止;最后,B骨道的鉆置還要于術(shù)中調(diào)整定位橫桿旋轉(zhuǎn)角度,使其與喙突外傾角對(duì)應(yīng)。另外,破碎的肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)盤(pán)必須去除,且應(yīng)切除鎖骨外端5~8mm骨質(zhì),防止術(shù)后疼痛發(fā)生[8]。

該方法有待進(jìn)一步完善如固定袢所受應(yīng)力的測(cè)量、固定高強(qiáng)縫線(xiàn)所受應(yīng)力測(cè)量,以及需要更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的療效觀(guān)察。

表1 肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位患者手術(shù)前、后評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)的比較

[1] 趙立連,張耀南,尹自龍,等.全關(guān)節(jié)鏡下雙紐扣鋼板固定技術(shù)治療急性肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位的初步臨床療效觀(guān)察[J].中華關(guān)節(jié)外科雜志:電子版,2010,4(1):11-13.

[2] Paolo RR,Michele FS,Luigi M.Arthroscopic treatment of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation[J].Arthroscopy,2004,20(6):662-668.

[3] Pierorazio M,Alberto M,Laura B,et al.Suture Rupture in Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocations Treated With Flip Buttons[J].Arthroscopy,2011,27(2):294-298.

[4] Pascal B,Jason O,Olivier G,et al.All-arthroscopic Weaver-Dunn-Chuinard procedure with double-button fixation for chronic acromioclavicular joint dislocation [J].Arthroscopy,2010,26(2):149-160.

[5] Murena L,Vulcano E,Ratti C,et al.Arthroscopic treatment of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation with double flip button[J].Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc,2009,17(12):1511-1515.

[6] 孫賀,陳銘銳,趙衛(wèi)東,等.喙肩韌帶移位重建喙鎖韌帶的解剖及生物力學(xué)研究[J].中國(guó)臨床解剖學(xué)雜志,2002,31(4):303-305.

[7] Liu X,Huangfu X,Zhao J.Arthroscopic treatment of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation by coracoclavicular ligament augmentation[J].Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc,2013.[in print]

[8] 陸偉,王大平,韓云,等.關(guān)節(jié)鏡下肩峰成形與鎖骨外端切除術(shù)治療嚴(yán)重肩關(guān)節(jié)退行性變[J].中華關(guān)節(jié)外科雜志:電子版,2010,6(1):77-78.

Arthroscopic fixation in the treatment of RockwoodⅤacute acromioclavicular joint dislocation

Lu Wei,Wang Daping,Zhu Weimin,Ou-Yang Kan,Liu Haifeng,Peng Liangquan,Li Hao,F(xiàn)eng Wenzhe.Department of Sport Medicine,1st Affiliated Hospital,Shenzhen University (Shenzhen 2nd People′s Hospital),Shenzhen 518000,China

BackgroundTreatment methods for acromioclavicular joint dislocation of Rockwood type V are numerous.The commonly used is the open surgery with large trauma(by clavicular hook plate fixation).In recent years,some scholars use clavicle-coracoid screws fixation method under arthroscopy,but the screws need to be removed after 6weeks;there are also scholars using arthroscopic double Endobutton loops single bundle fixation method with good effect,but they found suture rupture between the Endobutton,redislocation or fracture,bone absorption under the loops in some patients.This article investigates the method of arthroscopic procedure with four-tunnel quadruple double-bundle Endobutton double-bundle fixation via self-designed positioningapparatus in the treatment of acute acromioclavicular joint(ACJ)RockwoodⅤdegree dislocations and their short-term therapeutic effect.Methods(1)Patient selection:12patients(9male and 3female)with acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation of Rockwood type V were selected from October 2010to June 2013.Their average age is 28.2years.with sports injury in 10cases and fall injury in 2cases.All patients

surgical repair within 2weeks after injury.The operations were performed by the same senior surgeon.(2)Preoperative bone tunnel positioning design:All patients had CT scan in the position of 90°internal rotating of bilateral shoulder joint(palm down).Measure the angle of scapular long axis and coronal section(A)separately,make the line in the coracoid neck parallel to the long axis of scapula(S),and then measure the width of parallel line in the part of coracoid neck(P).The midpoint of the coracoid neck is the center between the two preparatively drilled bone tunnels.Make the cross line vertical to line P,and the bone tunnels are located in the I and II quadrant.The distance between two bone tunnels is 6mm.(3)Surgical techniques:According to the data of preoperative measurement of bone tunnel,the self-designed 4-tunnel double-bundle locator is applied.The 4-tunnel double-bundle acromioclavicular joint fixation is carried out with the method of two Endobutton loops in each of two groups.The technique includes the following 5parts:①Acromioclavicular joint exploration and exposure of subcoracoid surface:make the routine posterior approach of acromioclavicular joint with arthroscope of 70°,4.5mm and guide the anterior approach.Gradually separate the anteromedial joint capsule with radiofrequency coblation from the inside of the subscapularis tendon above to the subcoracoid surface.Clean the soft tissue on its lower surface to expose the coracoid neck.② Acromioclavicular joint exploration,acromioclavicular joint disc excision and partial excision and plasty of the clavicular lateral end:make a 2-3cm transverse incision above the acromioclavicular joint parallel to the clavicle,layered the cut,expose the acromioclavicular joint,remove ruptured joint disc,and rub the clavicular lateral end.Afterwards,reduce the acromioclavicular joint and fix it temporarily with Kirschner wire.③ The self-designed locator(Patent No.ZL 201320217047.4)is adopted.Put the head of the locator on the lower surface of coracoid neck,and the transverse bar and 2.4mm guide pin are arranged on the clavicular surface.The guide pin is inserted into the hole A,drilling through the subcoracoid surface with a 3.5mm hollow drill for reaming.Adjust the transverse bar to the pre-determined angle of scapular axis and coronal section 6mm away from hole A,and then ream the hole B with 2.4mm guide pin inserted.④ After connecting the ring with an Endobutton button plate and 3Utra-braid sutures(Smith & Nephew,Andover,Ma),pull in the 3line from hole A below the coracoid process,and then pull out from the bone tunnel on the clavicular end to maintain the Endobutton plate on the subcoracoid surface.The Utra-braid suture penetrates into the other piece of Endobutton plate and then gets pulled out.Tighten and fix it on the clavicular end and then make a knot.Check the acromioclavicular joint to ensure satisfactory fixation.Complete the process of hole B fixation with the same method.⑤ Use C arm X-ray machine for fluoroscopy to understand the effect of fixation and situations of internal fixator.Aggressive postoperative rehabilitation program was applied,and the follow-up time ranged from 6to 30months.(4)Postoperative rehabilitation:After operation the acromioclavicular joint was externally fixed in 0°of external rotation,and 48hours later the patient was encouraged to take appropriate acromioclavicular joint passive activities of abduction less than 90°,flexion and external rotation.Active exercise was allowed 6weeks after operation,and 3months later the patient began to return to normal life,work and limited recovery movement.(5)Postoperative evaluation:The VAS score(out of 10)of postoperative acromioclavicular joint pain,recovery of range of movement for acromioclavicular joint and recovery time, Constant score (out of 100),and Karlsson acromioclavicular joint score(A,B,C three grades)were applied for postoperative evaluation.(6)Statistical analysis:SPSS 18.0statistical software was applied,andχ2test and t test were adopted respectively for statistical process.Results(1)Resultsof preoperative measurement:Preoperative contralateral CT measurement was conducted in 12cases of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation with Rockwood type V.The angle between the scapula and coronal section was(32.33±5.24)°,theangle between the coracoid and scapular axis was (26.35±1.55)°,the diameter of coracoid neck was(2.05±1.12)cm,and the central location of coracoid bone tunnel(the original point of clavicular bone tunnel)in the projection of clavicle are(2.30±0.69)cm from the distal clavicle,(8.92±0.32)cm from the front edge of the clavicle,and (10.89±2.39)cm from trailing edge of the clavicle.(2)Intraoperation:Intraoperative positioning and preoperative measurement have the same result in 10 cases.2patients are younger than 20years old and their anchor points are a bit forward in the projection of clavicle,which makes it difficult to drill the bone tunnels.The oblique positioning method of shifting anchor point backward is applied to move the points 5-6mm back on the clavicle,and both the positions are good under intraoperative fluoroscopy and postoperative radiological examination.(3)Post operation:11patients were followed up after operation for 6to 30months with an average of 24.2±6.8months.Postoperative X-ray films and 3D-CT indicated that Endobutton titanium plate was in good position without withdrawal or rupture.No dislocation or subluxation relapse was seen after the operation.8male patients and 1female patient restored pre injury sports level in 3to 5months after surgery,including resistive and excessive movement.The other 2patients returned to normal life but gave up previous sports due to other reasons.The VAS score in 8patients was less than 3after operation in a mean of 6.34±3.2weeks and 4patients had acromioclavicular joint pain of longer duration(VAS score 4-6),but the VAS score turned less than 3in 12-18weeks later.The recovery time was 6.32±2.11weeks in the postoperative range of joint movement.The postoperative Constant score was(91.2±1.67)(88-100)and the postoperative Karlsson score were excellent in 10cases and benign in 1case.Compared with the preoperative and postoperative scores the differences were statistically significant.All the patients were satisfied with the therapeutic outcomes.Conclusions The method of arthroscopic procedure with four-tunnel quadruple Endobutton doublebundle fixation in the treatment of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation of Rockwood type V provides stable biological fixation with minimal invasion and avoids demerits such as the overconcentrations of stress on double-loop single bone tunnel,weak and thin of the tension line,etc.a(chǎn)nd it is a better treatment method for acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation of Rockwood type V.

Acromioclavicular joint;Dislocation;Shoulder arthroscopy;4-tunnel

Wang Daping,Email:winerl@sina.com

2014-06-27)

(本文編輯:李靜)

10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-5790.2014.03.005

518000 深圳大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院(深圳市第二人民醫(yī)院)運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)科

王大平,Email:winerl@sina.com

陸偉,王大平,朱偉民,等.關(guān)節(jié)鏡下四骨道雙束固定治療急性肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)RockwoodⅤ型脫位[J/CD].中華肩肘外科電子雜志,2014,2(3):157-162.

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