上海建工醫(yī)院外科,上海 200083
結(jié)直腸癌患者血清脂肪酸合成酶水平的檢測(cè)及其臨床意義
閭晨濤 韓潞 江勇 韓東興
上海建工醫(yī)院外科,上海 200083
背景與目的:脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthase, FAS)是唯一有能力在細(xì)胞內(nèi)合成長(zhǎng)鏈脂肪酸的蛋白。由于腫瘤組織對(duì)脂肪酸的需求旺盛,包括結(jié)直腸癌在內(nèi)的多種惡性腫瘤組織中常見(jiàn)FAS過(guò)表達(dá)。本實(shí)驗(yàn)研究結(jié)直腸癌患者血清FAS水平與腫瘤病理特征的關(guān)系。方法:選擇2013年3月—2014年3月接受根治性手術(shù)治療的60例結(jié)直腸癌患者為研究組,另選20名健康志愿者為對(duì)照組。采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法(enzymelinked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)檢測(cè)血清FAS水平,分析結(jié)直腸癌患者血清FAS水平與其臨床病理特征的關(guān)系。結(jié)果:研究組FAS平均為20.77±10.56 mg/L,對(duì)照組FAS水平為10.33±5.65 mg/L,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。研究組Ⅰ~Ⅱ、Ⅲ及Ⅳ期患者FAS水平分別為13.24±11.43、24.20±11.87和35.44± 12.18 mg/L,各組間比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。研究組高分化、中分化、低分化患者FAS水平分別為16.46±10.58、20.38±11.87和25.84±10.88 mg/L,各組間比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論:血清FAS水平可能與結(jié)直腸癌的發(fā)生、發(fā)展有一定關(guān)系,可以對(duì)其作為評(píng)估腫瘤進(jìn)展情況的標(biāo)志物的可行性作進(jìn)一步研究。
脂肪酸合成酶;結(jié)直腸癌;血清腫瘤標(biāo)志物
脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthase,F(xiàn)AS)是唯一有能力在細(xì)胞內(nèi)合成長(zhǎng)鏈脂肪酸的蛋白,人體主要從飲食途徑獲取的脂肪酸,因此在正常人體組織中FAS不表達(dá)或者低表達(dá)。由于腫瘤組織對(duì)脂肪酸的需求旺盛,包括結(jié)直腸癌在內(nèi)的多種惡性腫瘤常見(jiàn)FAS過(guò)表達(dá)[1]。曾有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道結(jié)腸癌組織FAS上調(diào)[2]。也有報(bào)道FAS表達(dá)過(guò)高預(yù)示著乳腺癌、前列腺癌和卵巢癌的預(yù)后不良[3-5]。另外,胰腺癌和胰腺病變患者FAS均有升高[6]。
目前對(duì)結(jié)直腸癌患者血清FAS水平的研究較少,本實(shí)驗(yàn)旨在探尋結(jié)直腸癌患者血清FAS水平與腫瘤進(jìn)展程度的關(guān)系。
1.1 一般資料
選擇2013年2月—2014年4月因結(jié)直腸癌在上海建工醫(yī)院外科接受手術(shù)治療的60例患者,其中男性34例,女性26例;年齡37~84歲,平均(66.2±13.5)歲;BMI為22.4~33.8 kg/m2,平均(27.5±3.8)kg/m2;腫瘤位于右半結(jié)腸(盲腸、升結(jié)腸、橫結(jié)腸右側(cè)半)15例,左半結(jié)腸(橫結(jié)腸左側(cè)半、降結(jié)腸、乙狀結(jié)腸、直腸)45例;UICC分期Ⅰ期4例,Ⅱ期24例,Ⅲ期23例,Ⅳ期9例;低分化15例,中分化30例,高分化15例。所有患者無(wú)嚴(yán)重內(nèi)科合并癥,如糖尿病、高脂血癥、甲狀腺疾病或代謝綜合征,且均未服用影響脂質(zhì)代謝的藥物。選擇同期20例健康志愿者作為對(duì)照組,其中男性12例,女性8例,年齡23~82歲,平均(69.1±14.8)歲。2組患者年齡、性別差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 血液樣本采集
所有血液樣本于術(shù)前2~4日清晨空腹采集,37 ℃靜置1 h后快速離心分離血清,儲(chǔ)存于-80 ℃冰箱備用。
1.2.2 檢測(cè)方法
采用雙抗體夾心酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)法檢測(cè)血清中FAS水平。FAS ELISA試劑盒購(gòu)自上海藍(lán)基生物科技有限公司,操作均按試劑盒說(shuō)明書進(jìn)行。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
采用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理,計(jì)量資料采用表示,組間差異分析采用方差分析。FAS水平與腫瘤分期、分化程度的相關(guān)性采用χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 研究組與對(duì)照組臨床特征的比較
研究組和對(duì)照組的臨床和組織病理學(xué)特點(diǎn)見(jiàn)表1。兩組之間性別構(gòu)成、年齡、BMI的差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
表1 研究組與對(duì)照組的臨床特點(diǎn)Tab. 1 Clinical pathological characteristics in patients with colorectal cancer
2.2 研究組與對(duì)照組血清FAS水平的比較
實(shí)驗(yàn)組FAS平均水平為20.77±10.56 mg/L,高于對(duì)照組的10.33±5.65 mg/L,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
2.3 不同分期結(jié)直腸癌患者FAS水平的比較
實(shí)驗(yàn)組內(nèi)分期Ⅲ、Ⅳ期FAS水平分別為24.20±11.87和35.44±12.18,明顯高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期的13.24±11.43,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.003)。另外,隨著腫瘤分期進(jìn)展,F(xiàn)AS水平呈上升趨勢(shì)(P=0.001)。
2.4 不同分化程度結(jié)腸癌患者血清FAS水平的比較
不同腫瘤分化程度亞組之間FAS水平差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),高、中、低分化FAS水平分別為16.46±10.58、20.38±11.87和25.84±10.88 mg/L。腫瘤分化程度越高,F(xiàn)AS水平相對(duì)較低,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
FAS在正常人體組織中含量較低,主要存在于腦、肝、肺組織中,以順應(yīng)這些器官在β-氧化或其他代謝途徑(如磷酸酯類合成和甘油三酯合成)中對(duì)脂肪酸的特別需求。但是在癌組織中由于腫瘤細(xì)胞快速增殖需要充分的能量供應(yīng)和膜脂的生物合成,增生性腫瘤細(xì)胞利用長(zhǎng)鏈脂肪酸進(jìn)行細(xì)胞膜合成,或通過(guò)多種蛋白的脂質(zhì)修飾或作為能量來(lái)源,以維持腫瘤細(xì)胞的生存和生長(zhǎng)[7],因此FAS較正常組織明顯升高。本實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果再次證明了這一點(diǎn)。
FAS對(duì)于腫瘤細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)具有很重要的意義,表現(xiàn)為在多種腫瘤組織內(nèi)均有升高。有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道結(jié)直腸癌組織中FAS蛋白表達(dá)上調(diào),F(xiàn)AS活性增加,表明FAS是一個(gè)功能性活化酶,而且整個(gè)脂肪酸合成通路活性均有上調(diào)[8]。
FAS不僅在腫瘤組織中過(guò)表達(dá),在某些惡性腫瘤患者血清中也能檢測(cè)到FAS水平上升。有一項(xiàng)對(duì)22例乳腺癌患者以ELISA方法測(cè)定血清FAS的研究證實(shí)不同分期的乳腺癌FAS均較正常人有所升高[9]。另有學(xué)者指出轉(zhuǎn)移性乳腺癌患者循環(huán)FAS升高與HER-2過(guò)表達(dá)顯著相關(guān)[10]。有研究報(bào)道體外培養(yǎng)的乳腺癌細(xì)胞能向細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)分泌免疫活性FAS,重要的是,與健康人相比,乳腺癌患者“細(xì)胞外FAS”明顯升高[11]。我們的結(jié)果與以往針對(duì)其他腫瘤的研究結(jié)果相一致[3-5,12-13]??赡艿臋C(jī)制是,過(guò)量的細(xì)胞內(nèi)FAS在腫瘤發(fā)展過(guò)程中被排出細(xì)胞外,這種排出細(xì)胞外的程度與腫瘤分期相關(guān)。血清FAS與臨床分期同步變化,提示血清FAS可以作為評(píng)估腫瘤侵襲性的候選標(biāo)志物,用于跟蹤結(jié)直腸癌的進(jìn)展。FAS在腫瘤發(fā)生早期階段即有上升,提示血清FAS具有作為早期發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)直腸癌標(biāo)志物的潛在可能性。
血清FAS的檢測(cè)較腫瘤組織FAS的檢測(cè)簡(jiǎn)便,尤其適用于腫瘤根治性手術(shù)后的患者,可以作為評(píng)估術(shù)后治療效果的指標(biāo)之一。另外已有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在荷瘤大鼠中應(yīng)用FAS抑制劑,可以降低轉(zhuǎn)移發(fā)生率和減少腫瘤血管生成[14]。這從另一個(gè)角度提示我們檢測(cè)血清FAS的意義,因?yàn)闄z測(cè)血清FAS可能是最簡(jiǎn)便的評(píng)價(jià)FAS抑制劑效果的指標(biāo)之一。
本次實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)血清FAS升高與結(jié)直腸癌分期進(jìn)展有關(guān),為臨床上采用FAS作為監(jiān)測(cè)腫瘤進(jìn)展?jié)撛跇?biāo)志物提供了數(shù)據(jù)支持,為進(jìn)一步評(píng)估FAS作為腫瘤標(biāo)志物的可行性建立了基礎(chǔ)。雖然其中的生物學(xué)意義和FAS在結(jié)直腸癌發(fā)生、發(fā)展中的作用需要進(jìn)一步的研究,我們?nèi)匀豢梢猿醪綄⒀錐AS分子定量檢測(cè)作為評(píng)估腫瘤進(jìn)展的工具之一。
[1] KUHAJDA F P. Fatty acid synthase and cancer: new application of an old pathway[J]. Cancer Res, 2006, 66(5): 5977–5980.
[2] OGINO S, NOSHO K, MEYERHARDT J A, et al. Cohort study of fatty acid synthase expression and patient survival in colon cancer [J]. J Clin Oncol, 2008, 26(35): 5713–5720.
[3] PORTA R, BLANCAFORT A, CASOLIVA G, et al. Fatty acid synthase expression is strongly related to menopause in earlystage breast cancer patients[J]. Menopause, 2014, 21(2): 188-191.
[4] YUKIE Y, TAKAKO F, NOBUYUKI O, et al. Fatty acid synthase is a key target in multiple essential tumor functions of prostate cancer: uptake of radiolabeled acetate as a predictor of the targeted therapy outcome[J]. PLoS ONE, 2013, 8(5): e64570.
[5] GRUNT T W. Targeting fatty acid synthase, ErbB/HER and PI3K in ovarian cancer[J]. Int J Mol Med, 2012, 30(suppl 1): 24.
[6] CHEN M C, ESQUIVEL S, REBER H A, etal. Eicosapentaenoic acid decreases fatty acid synthase through an Akt-dependent pathway in pancreatic cancer cells[J]. Pancrease, 2011, 40(8): 1316.
[7] PALOMERO T, SULIS M L, CORTINA M, et al. Mutational loss of PTEN induces resistance to NOTCH1 inhibition in T-cell leukemia [J]. Nat Med, 2007, 13(10): 1203-1210.
[8] KUCHIBA A, MORIKAWA T, YAMAUCHI M, et al. Body mass index and risk of colorectal cancer according to fatty acid synthase expression in the nurses health study[J]. JNCI, 2012, 104(5): 415-420.
[9] WANG Y, KUHAJDA F P, LI J N, et al. Fatty acid synthase expression in human breast cancer cell culture supernatants and in breast cancer patients [J]. Cancer Lett, 2001, 167(1): 99-104.
[10] VAZQUEZ-MARTIN A, FERNANDEZ-REAL J M, OLIVERAS-FERRAROS C, et al. Fatty acid synthase activity regulates HER2 extracellular domain shedding into the circulation of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients[J]. Int J Oncol, 2009, 35(8): 1369-1376.
[11] WANG Y, KUHAJDA F P, LI J, et al. Fatty acid synthase as a tumor marker: its extracellular expression in human breast cancer [J]. J Exp Ther Oncol, 2004, 4(1): 101-110.
[12] ORITA H, COULTER J, TULLY E, et al. High levels of fatty acid synthase expression in esophageal cancer represent a potential target for therapy[J]. Cancer Biol Ther, 2010, 10(6): 549-554.
[13] SUGINO T, BABA K, HOSHI N, et al. Overexpression of fatty acid synthase in human urinary bladder cancer and combined expression of the synthase and Ki-67 as a predictor of prognosis of cancer patients[J]. Med Mol Morphol, 2011, 44(3): 146-150.
[14] SEGUIN F, CARVALHO M A, BASTOS D C, et al. The fatty acid synthase inhibitor orlistat reduces experimental metastases and angiogenesis in B16-F10 melanomas[J]. Brit J Cancer, 2012, 107(6): 977-987.
Serum levels of fatty acid synthase in colorectal cancer patients and its clinical significance
LV Chen-tao, HAN Lu, JIANG Yong, HAN Dong-xing
(Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiangong Hospital, Shanghai 200083, China)
HAN Dong-xing E-mail: surgeonhdx@126.com
Background and purpose: Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is the sole protein in the human genome capable of intracellular synthesis of long-chain fatty acids. FAS overexpression is detected in various cancer tissues including colorectal cancer because of the increasing requirement of tumor for long-chain fatty acid. This study was to investigate the association between serum levels of FAS in patients with colorectal cancer and clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancer. Methods: A total of 60 patients who underwent radical surgical resection for colorectal cancer from Mar. 2013 to Mar. 2014 were selected as the study group, while 20 healthy volunteers were selected as the control group. The serum levels of FAS were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. Differences of serum levels of FAS in patients with various clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancer were analyzed. Results: The serum levels of FAS in the study group were signi ficantly different with those in the control group. Serum FAS levels of patients belonging to stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ were 13.24±11.43, 24.20±11.87 and 35.44±12.18 mg/L, respectively, and were statistically different. Serum FAS levels of patients belonging to high, moderate and low differentiation were 16.46±10.58, 20.38±11.87 and 25.84±10.88 mg/L, respectively, there were also statistically different. Conclusion: FAS may be involved in the development and progression of colon cancer.
Fatty acid synthase; Colorectal cancer; Serum tumor marker
10.3969/j.issn.1007-3969.2014.08.011
R735.3+5
A
1007-3639(2014)08-0622-04
2014-03-13
2014-06-29)
韓東興 E-mail:surgeonhdx@126.com