祁天秀
摘 要:(as)...as...是英語中用來比喻的重要句式結(jié)構(gòu),其中很多喻體都是由各種動物來承擔的。本文主要歸結(jié)并簡單分析了這個結(jié)構(gòu)中的動物性比喻。
關(guān)鍵詞:(as)...as... 動物 比喻
比喻在英語中是一種重要的修辭方法,(as)...as...是英語中用來比喻的一種常用的結(jié)構(gòu)。在這個比喻性的結(jié)構(gòu)當中,很多都是以動物作為喻體的,讀來更顯得形象、生動、活潑。請看下面的例子。
(as) busy as beaver(as) busy as a bee (河貍整天忙著嚙樹筑巢,蜜蜂整天忙著采蜜,這兩種動物都是辛勤勞作的代表,像河貍或蜜蜂一樣忙,即非常忙碌。)
e.g.:The students are as busy as beaver before the final exam.
學(xué)生在期末考試前顯得非常忙碌。
Her new job made her busy as a bee.
她的新工作使她忙得不可開交。
(as) happy as a lark(快樂得像云雀一樣,即興高采烈。)
e.g.:The children, happy as a lark, went to go shopping by themselves for the first time.
小孩們興高采烈地出門自己購物,這對他們來說是第一次。
(as) hungry as a bear (餓得像熊一樣,即餓極了。)
e.g.:The beggar , who was hungry as a bear, begged food from passers-by.
餓極的乞丐向過路人乞求食物。
(as) innocent as a lamb (像羔羊般無辜,即天真無邪。)
e.g.:The suspect who insisted he was as innocent as a lamb was sentenced to death finally.
那個一直辯稱自己無辜的嫌疑犯最終被判了死刑。
(as) crazy as a loon (loon,譯為潛鳥, 是一種水鳥,當遇到危險時發(fā)出瘋狂的叫喊聲,聽起來就像有人在傻笑一樣,像潛鳥一般瘋狂,即完全失去理智,極度愚蠢。)
e.g.:His behaviors these days are as crazy as a loon.
他這兩天的所作所為極為愚蠢。
(as)dead as a dodo (dodo 譯作渡渡鳥,是一種產(chǎn)于毛里求斯的大鳥,該鳥身體笨重而不能飛行,所以成為人獸獵食的對象,成為近代最先絕種的鳥,像渡渡鳥一樣絕跡,即不復(fù)存在,完全被人遺忘。)
e.g.:Some works are still remembered by many people, while some works are dead as dodo.
一些典籍至今為人所憶,而一些則被人們完全遺忘。
(as)mad as a hornet / wet hen (hornet,黃蜂,雌蜂尾端有長而粗的螫針,與毒腺相通,進攻性極強,螫人后留在人體內(nèi)的毒液可引發(fā)多種癥狀,其經(jīng)常螫人似乎是因為它們很生氣。Wet hen, 被淋濕羽毛的母雞,自然是很生氣的樣子。故此比喻意為非常生氣,火冒三丈。)
e.g.: I was mad as hornet when I knew I was cheated once again.
我在得知自己再一次被騙時極度憤怒。
Bob was screaming and shouting——as mad as a wet hen.
鮑勃又叫又喊,生氣極了。
(as) mad as a March hare ( March hare, 三月兔,兔子在春季特別活躍好動,《愛麗絲漫游奇境記》中的三月兔有點瘋狂、脫線,個性張揚, 故此比喻意為“瘋瘋癲癲”。)
e.g.: Recently he is somewhat mad as a March hare.
最近他有點瘋瘋癲癲。
as poor as a church mouse (在西方文化中,凡是跟教堂有關(guān)的都很窮,卑賤的老鼠在教堂里是最窮的,像教堂的老鼠一樣窮,即極度貧窮,一貧如洗。)
e.g.: John was as poor as a church mouse before he was employed.
約翰在找到工作前可是一貧如洗。
(as) scarce as hens teeth ( 我們都知道雞沒有牙齒,像雞的牙齒一樣稀少,即極其稀少或不存在。)
e.g.: What you have imagined is as scarce as hens teeth in this world.
你所想象的在這個世界上不存在。
(as) sick as a dog/ parrot (狗和鸚鵡在生病或不舒服時干嘔的樣子很是痛苦,sick 意為“生病”或“惡心”,所以此短語的意思是病得很重;惡心得厲害。)
e.g.:I guess she is sick as a dog, otherwise she will come to the party.
我猜她病得不輕,否則她會來參加晚會的。
(as) snug as a bug in a rug(臭蟲鉆在破布里,自然是安全舒適溫暖,“像藏在破布里的臭蟲一樣舒適”,即溫暖舒適,極其安逸。)
e.g.: My new house makes me feel snug as a bug in a rug.
我住在我的新房子里感覺極其安逸舒適。
(as) stubborn as a mule (像騾子一樣頑固、倔強,即頑固不化; 固執(zhí)己見。)
e.g.: She used to be stubborn as a mule.
她在過去可是很固執(zhí)的。
(as) weak as a kitten (kitten ,剛出生的小貓,其身體自然是很虛弱的。故此短語意為虛弱的、病態(tài)的。)
e.g.: After the operation, he was weak as a kitten.
剛動完手術(shù)那會他身體極度虛弱。
(as) wise as an owl (owl,貓頭鷹,西方文化中把貓頭鷹當做智慧的象征,在兒童讀物和漫畫中,貓頭鷹通常很嚴肅,很有頭腦。動物間的爭端要貓頭鷹來裁判,緊急關(guān)頭找貓頭鷹求教。故此短語意為非常聰明的;睿智的。)
e.g.: We believe he can make the right decision for us, he is wise as an owl.
我們相信他能替我們作正確的決定, 他是一個極其明智的人。
有趣的是,英語中也有(as) stupid as an owl 的比喻,像貓頭鷹一樣愚蠢,指極愚蠢。因為有時人們認為貓頭鷹不實際,有點蠢, 這說明人們對同一事物有著復(fù)雜的,甚至對立的態(tài)度,但基本上來說,貓頭鷹在英語中是智慧的象征。
e.g.: I dont believe he can do it well, he is stupid as a owl.
他那么蠢,我認為他做不好那件事。
as fussy as a hen with one chick (一只有著小雞的母雞總是顯得太操心,對著小雞咯咯地叫個不停,從不給小雞獨立的機會。表在小事上瞎操心。)
e.g.: Mary is always as fussy as a hen with one chick.
Mary總是在一些小事上瞎操心。
as lively as a cricket (cricket,蟋蟀,生性好斗,整天鳴叫,看上去總是活力十足,像蟋蟀一樣活潑,即很活潑。)
e.g.: The children, usually lively as a cricket, are very quiet after the incident.
平時很活潑的那些孩子們在這次事件后都變得沉靜起來。
參考文獻:
[1]牛津英語大詞典.(Shorter Oxford English Dictionary) .上海外語教育出版社.
[2]當代美國短語習(xí)語詞典.外文出版社,2003.