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抑郁對(duì)冠心病患者生存質(zhì)量和運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力的影響

2014-04-01 07:49倪奕王樂(lè)民沈玉芹車(chē)琳張啟萍李廣
心腦血管病防治 2014年1期
關(guān)鍵詞:生存質(zhì)量抑郁

倪奕+王樂(lè)民+沈玉芹+車(chē)琳+張啟萍+李廣鶴

[摘 要] 目的 探討抑郁對(duì)冠心病(CHD)患者生存質(zhì)量?運(yùn)動(dòng)耐

力的影響程度?

方法 131例CHD患者由本人獨(dú)立填寫(xiě)完成貝克抑郁自評(píng)量表(BDI)和簡(jiǎn)明

健康測(cè)量量表(SF_36)?根據(jù)BDI評(píng)分將患者分為抑郁組(n=34)?非抑郁組(n=97)并

分別行心肺運(yùn)動(dòng)試驗(yàn)(CPET)?

結(jié)果 (1)131例CHD患者SF_36各維度均低于中國(guó)常模,除社會(huì)功能外各

維度有顯著差異(P<0.01),抑郁組CHD患者SF_36各維度得分均低于非抑郁組患者,

除生理功能?生理職能外各維度有顯著差異(P<0.05,或P<0.01)?(2)抑

郁組CHD患者CPET結(jié)果中峰值氧耗量(VO2peak)?無(wú)氧代謝閾值氧耗量(VO2AT)?無(wú)氧代

謝閾值負(fù)荷(LoadAT)均低于非抑郁組,分別為VO2peak:(17.3±1.7)ml·kg-

1·m

in-1比(18.6±2.9)ml·kg-1·min-1,P<0.05;VO2AT:(12.

0±1.7)ml·kg-1·min-1比(13.2±2.2)ml·kg-1·min-1,

P<0.01;LoadAT:(30.7±11.4)J·s-1比(36.0±13.9)J·s-1

,P<

0.05?(3)CHD患者SF_36與運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力有相關(guān)性(P<0.05);SF_36各維度得分

與BDI評(píng)分有顯著負(fù)相關(guān)性(P<0.05);BDI評(píng)分與CPET結(jié)果中VO2peak?VO2AT?

LoadAT有顯著負(fù)相關(guān)性(P<0.05)?

結(jié)論 合并抑郁的冠心病患者生存質(zhì)量和運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力下降,抑郁與冠心病患

者生存質(zhì)量和運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力密切相關(guān)?

[關(guān)鍵詞] 冠狀動(dòng)脈疾??;抑郁;生存質(zhì)量;運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力;心肺運(yùn)動(dòng)試

驗(yàn)

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):R541.4

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1009_816X

(2014)01_0005_04

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009_816x.2014.01.03

Effects of Depression on Quality of Life and Exercise Tolerance in Patients with

Coronary Heart Disease.

NI Yi, WANG Le_min, SHEN Yu_qin, et al. Department of cardiology, Tingyi Hos

pital, Shanghai 200065,China

[Abstract] Objective To explore effects of depression on quali

ty of life and exercise toler

ance in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).

Methods 131 patients with C

HD completed Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the MOS 36_ Item Short_From Hea

lth survey(SF_36)independently. According to the scores of BDI, the patients

were divided into depression group (n=34) and non_depression group (n=97). Both

groups were given cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).

Results (1) Compared with Chinese norms, the scores on all subsc

ales of SF_ 36 in 131 patients with CHD were lower, and there were sign

ificant differences on all subscales of SF_36 except that related to social func

tion (P<0.01). Furthermore, the scores on all subscales of SF_36 in depr

ession

group were lower than non_depression group, there were significant differences

on all subscales of SF_36 except those related to physical function and physi

cal role (P<0.05, or P<0.01). (2) The peak oxygen consumption (VO

2peak:), thres

hold of oxygen consumption of anaerobic metabolism (VO2AT), threshold anaerobi

c metabolism load (LoadAT) in depression group were lower than those in no

n_depression. VO2peak:(17.3±1.7)ml·kg-1·min-1 vs. (18.6

±2.9)ml·kg-1·min-1, P<0.05; VO2AT:(12.0±1.7)ml·kg

-1·min-1 vs.(13.2±2.2)ml·kg-1·min-1,P<0.01;

LoadAT:(30.7±11.4)J·s-1 vs.(36.0±13.9)J·s-1,P<0

.05.(3)

In patients with CHD, the scores of SF_36 and exercise tolerance were significan

tly correlated (P<0.05); the scores on all subscales of SF_36 measured by B

DI were significantly negatively correlated (P<

0.05); the

scores measured by BDI and VO2peak, VO2AT, LoadAT during CPET were sig

nificantly negatively correlated (P<0.05).

Conclusions Quality of life and exercise toler

ance of patients with CHD complicating depression decreased severely, and qualit

y of life and exercise tolerance closely related to depression.

[Key words] Coronary heart disease; Depression; Quality of lif

e; Exercise tolerance; Cardiopulmonary exercise test

冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化性心臟?。╟oronary heart disease,CHD),簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)冠心病,是一種公

認(rèn)的心身疾病,其發(fā)生?發(fā)展以及預(yù)后均和心理社會(huì)因素有著密切的聯(lián)系[1~3]?

國(guó)外研究

發(fā)現(xiàn),冠心病患者心血管系統(tǒng)功能易受精神因素的影響,抑郁?焦慮等負(fù)性情緒在冠心病患

者中普遍存在[4]?其中抑郁情緒自20年前開(kāi)始就被認(rèn)為是冠心病獨(dú)立的危險(xiǎn)因素

,近15年

來(lái)抑郁還被認(rèn)為是導(dǎo)致冠心病死亡的危險(xiǎn)因素[5]?本研究初步探究抑郁情緒對(duì)冠

心病患者生存質(zhì)量?運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力的影響,為冠心病患者系統(tǒng)性康復(fù)提供依據(jù)?

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料:研究對(duì)象為2012年12月至2013年7月,在同濟(jì)醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科接受治

療并進(jìn)行康復(fù)的131例冠心病患者,經(jīng)心肌同位素檢測(cè)?超聲心動(dòng)圖,或冠狀動(dòng)脈造影確診

為冠心病?心功能NYHA分級(jí)Ⅱ~Ⅲ級(jí)?患者無(wú)智力障礙,有認(rèn)知能力,語(yǔ)言清晰,能較好地

進(jìn)行語(yǔ)言溝通,并排除既往

有神經(jīng)精神疾病史?嚴(yán)重認(rèn)知功能障礙及檢查不合作者?小學(xué)文化程度以下患者?131例患

者中男103人,女28人;年齡40~70(57.3±7.5)歲?患者一般資料構(gòu)成情況見(jiàn)表1?

所有患者試驗(yàn)前均經(jīng)介紹研究流程,簽訂知情同意書(shū)?本研究通過(guò)同濟(jì)大學(xué)附屬同濟(jì)醫(yī)院倫

理委員會(huì)審批,倫理委員會(huì)批件文號(hào)為L(zhǎng)L(H)_08_13,并在中國(guó)臨床試驗(yàn)中心注冊(cè)?

1.2 方法:

1.2.1 調(diào)查方法:使用自制的調(diào)查表,由本研究第一作者對(duì)被調(diào)查者實(shí)施面訪?調(diào)查內(nèi)

容包括患者的基本情況:姓名?性別?出生年月?文化程度?職業(yè)?婚姻?診斷?病史及

BMI等?由患者本人在安靜環(huán)境下獨(dú)立填寫(xiě)完成貝克抑郁自評(píng)量表(BDI)[6]:BDI

對(duì)每個(gè)問(wèn)題做出0到3的評(píng)分?總分為0~39分?總分

≤4分,無(wú)抑郁或極輕

微;5~13分,輕度抑郁;14~20分,中度抑郁;≥21分,重度抑郁?將131例患者中BDI評(píng)

分≥5分的34例定為抑郁組,<5分的97例定為無(wú)抑郁組?兩組患者均獨(dú)立填寫(xiě)完成由美國(guó)波

士頓健康研究所研制的簡(jiǎn)明健康測(cè)量量表(SF_36)[7]:包括36個(gè)條目,分為8個(gè)維度

,分別為生理功能(PF)?生理職能(RP)?軀體疼痛(BP)?總體健康(GH)?活力(VT)?社會(huì)功

能(SF)?情感職能(RE)和精神健康(MH)?生活質(zhì)量各維度分值記分方法運(yùn)用累加法

,按最后分值計(jì)算原始分?jǐn)?shù),再用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)公式計(jì)算轉(zhuǎn)換分?jǐn)?shù)為0~100的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分?得分越高,

生存質(zhì)量越好?

1.2.2 CPET:心肺運(yùn)動(dòng)試驗(yàn)(cardiopulmonary exercise test,CPET)包括心電圖負(fù)荷

試驗(yàn)和運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)氣體代謝分析?采用的儀器包括丹麥Innovision公司生產(chǎn)的氣體再呼吸系統(tǒng)?

美國(guó)通用公司生產(chǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)負(fù)荷Ramp10方案,患者試驗(yàn)開(kāi)始后的每一次呼出的氣體均

被氣體再呼吸系統(tǒng)連續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè)?無(wú)氧代謝閾值氧耗量(VO2AT)用V_slope方法判定?所有受

試者均能耐受心肺運(yùn)動(dòng)試驗(yàn),無(wú)1例出現(xiàn)明顯的不良反應(yīng)?

1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理:采用SPSS 21.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料均以(

3 討論

冠心病是常見(jiàn)的心血管系統(tǒng)疾病,隨著人們生活水平的提高和生活方式的改變,其發(fā)病率和

病死率呈迅速上升趨勢(shì),現(xiàn)已成為中國(guó)居民死因增速最快的疾病[9]?冠心病具有

遷延不愈?反復(fù)發(fā)作的特征,而抑郁作為冠心病獨(dú)立的危險(xiǎn)因素,不僅與冠心病的發(fā)生?發(fā)

展有著密切的聯(lián)系,還會(huì)影響冠心病的預(yù)后,降低患者的生存時(shí)間和生存質(zhì)量[10]

?

Belardinelli等[11]報(bào)道118例經(jīng)皮冠狀動(dòng)脈介入(PCI)治療的冠心病患者進(jìn)

行為期6月的運(yùn)動(dòng)康復(fù)?術(shù)后血管再狹窄率沒(méi)有受運(yùn)動(dòng)康復(fù)的影響,但訓(xùn)練組的患者峰值耗

氧量增加26%,生活質(zhì)量參數(shù)提高27%?Swardfager等[12]報(bào)道366例冠心病康復(fù)患

者中

輕度抑郁占22.3%,明顯抑郁占10.4%,6.3%的患者服用抗抑郁藥?與抑郁積分的相關(guān)預(yù)

測(cè)因素為低VO2peak?低年齡?女性?低最大舒張壓?心絞痛和服用抗抑郁藥?

VO2peak和VO2AT是運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力最常用的指標(biāo),VO2pea

k的下降與氧傳輸(心排量?血液攜氧能力)?肺通氣效率?組織攝氧能力?肌肉骨骼功能

有關(guān),VO2peak的減少說(shuō)明運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力下降?在臨床試驗(yàn)中,由于主?客觀因素,導(dǎo)致患

者不能或不愿執(zhí)行最大運(yùn)動(dòng)試驗(yàn)量,而VO2AT?VE/VCO2等指標(biāo)可以從亞極量運(yùn)動(dòng)試驗(yàn)

中得出,因此VO2peak結(jié)合VO2AT?VE/VCO2評(píng)價(jià)

運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力更為客觀?

本研究共納入131例冠心病患者?研究發(fā)現(xiàn),冠心病患者的生存質(zhì)量下降,而且抑郁組冠心

病患者生存質(zhì)量較非抑郁組患者進(jìn)一步下降,通過(guò)相關(guān)分析證實(shí)冠心病患者生存質(zhì)量與運(yùn)動(dòng)

耐力密切相關(guān)?在相關(guān)分析中我們同樣證實(shí),抑郁對(duì)冠心病患者的生存質(zhì)量有重要影響,本

研究與國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究的結(jié)論

一致?我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)抑郁組冠心病患者運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力低于非抑郁組患者,并且通過(guò)相關(guān)分

析證實(shí)抑郁與冠心病患者運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力密切相關(guān)?本研究中,冠心病患者中抑郁的發(fā)

病率為26%,明顯高于正常人群中抑郁的發(fā)病率,本研究結(jié)果也與國(guó)內(nèi)外其他類(lèi)似研究結(jié)果

相一致?

歐美發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家在20世紀(jì)80?90年代已經(jīng)率先開(kāi)展以運(yùn)動(dòng)療法為核心的心臟康復(fù),心臟康復(fù)能

夠明顯改善患者運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力?降低心血管疾病死亡率?提高患者的生活質(zhì)量[13]?國(guó)

內(nèi)外學(xué)者

的很多研究也證實(shí),以運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練?心理干預(yù)和教育督導(dǎo)等方式為主的心臟康復(fù)可從多種途徑

有效地改善冠心病患者的抑郁?焦慮情緒,從而使患者獲得最大的治療效益[14]?

以CPET為評(píng)估方法的心臟有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)康復(fù),在我國(guó)剛剛起步,運(yùn)動(dòng)康復(fù)對(duì)于冠心病患者的負(fù)性

情緒?生存質(zhì)量?運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力的改善,無(wú)疑為心臟病患者生活質(zhì)量的提高帶來(lái)福音?

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on Committee, the Council on Clinical Cardiology; the Councils on Cardiovascul

ar Nursing, Epidemiology and Prevention, and Nutrition, Physical Activity, a

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