方登攀 徐建新 佘賢梁 劉青山 張 璐 張 凡 劉 濤 朱 濤
江漢大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院泌尿外科(武漢 430010)
陰莖折斷的急診手術(shù)處理(附9例報(bào)告)
方登攀 徐建新 佘賢梁 劉青山 張 璐 張 凡 劉 濤 朱 濤
江漢大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院泌尿外科(武漢 430010)
目的總結(jié)陰莖折斷急診手術(shù)處理及并發(fā)癥防治的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。方法回顧性分析我院收治的9例陰莖折斷患者的臨床資料,并復(fù)習(xí)近年有關(guān)文獻(xiàn)。所有9例患者都得到手術(shù)證實(shí),均做了陰莖血腫清除、白膜或(和)尿道修補(bǔ)急診手術(shù)。結(jié)果所有患者手術(shù)過程順利。術(shù)后1例患者出現(xiàn)切口感染,1例有陰莖皮膚中度水腫,經(jīng)抗感染對(duì)癥治療后治愈。術(shù)后9例患者隨訪時(shí)間為6~48月。1例患者出現(xiàn)陰莖勃起不堅(jiān),需要藥物治療。1例患者陰莖勃起時(shí)有輕度彎曲,不影響性功能。1例患者發(fā)生尿道狹窄,予以定期尿道擴(kuò)張,現(xiàn)排尿通暢。其余患者術(shù)后性功能正常,亦無排尿障礙。結(jié)論 陰莖折斷行急診手術(shù)治療效果較滿意,術(shù)后遠(yuǎn)期并發(fā)癥的防治是臨床處理的重點(diǎn)。
陰莖/損傷; 急診處理; 手術(shù)后并發(fā)癥
陰莖折斷也稱陰莖白膜破裂,是嚴(yán)重的泌尿外科急癥,早期的診治對(duì)防止勃起功能障礙、勃起彎曲等遠(yuǎn)期并發(fā)癥非常重要。我院從2006 年7 月至2013年1 月共收治9例,經(jīng)急診手術(shù)治療,療效較滿意,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
一、 臨床資料
本組 9 例,年齡 13~72 歲,平均48 歲。受傷至就診時(shí)間為 1~12h,平均為 2h。發(fā)生于性交時(shí)陰莖撞擊于女性會(huì)陰或恥骨聯(lián)合而折斷 8 例 ,發(fā)生于手淫時(shí)強(qiáng)行使陰莖過度彎曲而折斷 1例,后者即本組中年齡最小的1例13歲患者。臨床表現(xiàn)為受傷后陰莖劇烈疼痛,勃起的陰莖迅速疲軟,出現(xiàn)淤血腫脹,皮膚青紫,陰莖彎曲。其中6 例受傷瞬間可聞及“咔嚓”折斷聲,1例有尿道口出血,1例患者有排尿困難。其中,6例依據(jù)病史及體檢確診,3例行彩色多普勒超聲檢查,3例患者均發(fā)現(xiàn)海綿體白膜破裂及深筋膜間血腫。
二、治療方法
行急診術(shù)前準(zhǔn)備,9例患者均在入院12h內(nèi)(即受傷后24h內(nèi))在硬膜外麻醉下行手術(shù)探查。留置導(dǎo)尿(1例患者導(dǎo)尿失?。?,取陰莖彎曲變形成角處環(huán)形切口,切口深至 Buck筋膜,清除血腫,沿 Buck 筋膜與白膜間游離,使陰莖皮膚呈袖套狀,顯露白膜破口,見裂口均為橫行裂口,長度為0.5~3.0cm,雙側(cè)海綿體破裂者2例。修剪海綿體創(chuàng)緣,3-0 可吸收線縫合白膜破裂口及海綿體創(chuàng)緣。1例術(shù)前出現(xiàn)排尿困難的患者術(shù)中導(dǎo)尿失敗,術(shù)中見尿道完全斷裂,4-0可吸收線縫合尿道黏膜,3-0 可吸收線縫合尿道海綿體創(chuàng)緣。皮膚切口以 4-0 可吸收線縫合,適當(dāng)加壓包扎,術(shù)后予以抗感染、雌激素應(yīng)用等治療,術(shù)后禁欲2 個(gè)月。無尿道損傷的患者術(shù)后1周拔除導(dǎo)尿管,1 例患者術(shù)前有尿道口出血的合并尿道挫裂傷的患者術(shù)后2周拔除尿管,1例尿道完全斷裂的患者術(shù)后1月拔除尿管。
患者住院時(shí)間7~14 d,平均9 d,術(shù)后1例患者出現(xiàn)切口感染,1例有陰莖皮膚中度水腫,經(jīng)抗感染對(duì)癥治療后治愈。術(shù)后9例患者隨訪時(shí)間為6~48月。1例患者出現(xiàn)陰莖勃起不堅(jiān),需要藥物治療。1例患者陰莖勃起時(shí)有輕度彎曲,不影響性功能。尿道完全斷裂的1例患者拔除尿管后有尿道狹窄的表現(xiàn),予以規(guī)律尿道擴(kuò)張,現(xiàn)排尿通暢。其余患者術(shù)后性功能正常,亦無排尿障礙。
陰莖折斷是一種具有典型病史和體征的急性損傷,臨床醫(yī)師多數(shù)情況下可單純依靠病史和體檢就及時(shí)做出正確診斷[1]?;颊咧髟V多為陰莖在性交、手淫等勃起狀態(tài)下受到劇烈外力沖擊,繼而聽到類似骨折的脆響,即感陰莖劇烈疼痛,陰莖迅速變軟,繼而陰莖腫脹、青紫、彎曲。Bali等[2]報(bào)道了36例患者,最常見主訴是陰莖腫脹(100%),其次是類似骨折的聲音(97.2%),疼痛(94.5%)和尿道出血(5.6%)。體檢可見陰莖腫脹、血腫,陰莖皮膚青紫,陰莖遠(yuǎn)端向健側(cè)彎曲。
陰莖彩色多普勒超聲是方便安全的急診檢查,有明確診斷的價(jià)值,并可明確破裂部位及大小,指導(dǎo)手術(shù)及判斷預(yù)后[3]。本組有3例患者行彩超檢查,診斷符合率為100%。磁共振檢查由于對(duì)軟組織較強(qiáng)的分辨率,對(duì)小的白膜破口也較敏感,并可了解有無尿道斷裂,可以作為進(jìn)一步的檢查[4]。海綿體造影及逆行尿道造影對(duì)于診斷的敏感性及特異性均較高,但因造影劑外漏等原因不宜作為急診常規(guī)檢查,僅適用于少數(shù)診斷疑難病例。
鑒別診斷上,主要與陰莖背靜脈破裂出血,皮下單純血腫等鑒別[5]。我們曾接診2例有上述體征的患者,但無明顯折斷音,行手術(shù)探查,術(shù)中未見白膜損傷,僅見肉膜血腫及淺靜脈破裂出血。
對(duì)于治療,目前國內(nèi)外大多數(shù)學(xué)者主張手術(shù)治療作為首選方案。Ibrahiem等[6]對(duì)155例陰莖折斷的患者進(jìn)行了長期隨訪后發(fā)現(xiàn):手術(shù)治療在降低患者住院天數(shù),提高患者滿意率,改善預(yù)后等方面較保守治療有明顯優(yōu)勢。更為重要的是,手術(shù)治療比保守治療明顯降低了并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率[7,8]。對(duì)于手術(shù)時(shí)機(jī),多數(shù)臨床研究認(rèn)為,陰莖折斷是泌尿外科急診,盡早急診手術(shù)可以取得良好的效果[3,9]。但有少數(shù)學(xué)者認(rèn)為,作為陰莖的閉合性損傷,延遲手術(shù)也可以取得良好的手術(shù)效果,其遠(yuǎn)期并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率與急診手術(shù)無明顯區(qū)別[10]。本組9例患者均在受傷后24h內(nèi)急診手術(shù)治療,不僅能緩解患者疼痛,消除患者心理恐慌,且隨訪期內(nèi)手術(shù)效果滿意,患者滿意度較高。
手術(shù)治療的主要目的在于降低并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率[11]。外科治療包括清除血腫,控制出血,縫合修補(bǔ)白膜裂口,恢復(fù)海綿體連續(xù)性,尿道損傷時(shí)修補(bǔ)尿道。病人多采用椎管內(nèi)麻醉,但局麻也可以耐受,特別是彎曲腫脹部位離陰莖根部較遠(yuǎn)者。切口多取環(huán)形切口,可在海綿體白膜表面呈袖套狀分離,有利于手術(shù)探查。手術(shù)切口部位選擇取陰莖彎曲變形成角處或離冠狀溝約1cm處,前者有利于手術(shù)操作,后者術(shù)后水腫較輕,恢復(fù)較快??筛鶕?jù)陰莖形狀,血腫部位,尋找白膜破損部位,多發(fā)生于血腫最凝固處、陰莖彎曲的凸出處,也可結(jié)合術(shù)前彩超結(jié)果判斷。破裂多為單側(cè),雙側(cè)少見,破裂口多為橫行裂口,本組9例患者中2例為雙側(cè)破裂,所有患者均為橫行裂口。對(duì)于雙側(cè)海綿體損傷、尿道口滴血、有初始血尿的患者,要考慮尿道損傷可能,術(shù)中要予以充分暴露以免遺漏。術(shù)中應(yīng)仔細(xì)止血,術(shù)后加壓包扎,避免出血,防止水腫。術(shù)后的隨訪是非常重要的,及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)并發(fā)癥并及時(shí)處理,可提高患者生活質(zhì)量。
雖然手術(shù)治療可以降低并發(fā)癥,但仍有一定的并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率,主要并發(fā)癥有勃起功能障礙、陰莖硬結(jié)形成、陰莖畸型和尿道并發(fā)癥等。(1)勃起功能障礙:它是最常見的并發(fā)癥,有研究表明,勃起功能障礙發(fā)生率為6.6%,年齡和雙側(cè)海綿體損傷是勃起功能障礙發(fā)生的危險(xiǎn)因素[12]。對(duì)于陰莖折斷患者,早期手術(shù)治療是預(yù)防勃起功能障礙的主要措施[3,9]。對(duì)于術(shù)后發(fā)生勃起功能障礙的患者可行陰莖彩色多普勒超聲等檢查明確具體類型,根據(jù)具體情況予以西地那非等藥物治療。本組1例高齡患者(72歲)術(shù)后出現(xiàn)勃起功能障礙,予以西地那非治療,效果良好。心理疏導(dǎo)治療在外傷性心理因素引起的勃起功能障礙治療中也是必不可少的。(2)陰莖硬結(jié)形成:手術(shù)中使用可吸收線縫合,而不要用絲線縫合,可以減少陰莖疤痕及硬結(jié)的形成[6]。硬結(jié)形成影響性生活者可予以藥物治療、理療、手術(shù)治療。(3)陰莖畸形:陰莖彎曲或成角常發(fā)生于延遲就診的患者[13]。大多數(shù)較輕微不影響性生活,少數(shù)角度較大者需手術(shù)矯正。(4)尿道并發(fā)癥:陰莖斷裂伴發(fā)尿道損傷的概率報(bào)道差別較大,但近期大樣本的研究報(bào)道并發(fā)率約24%[14,15]。治療這部分患者時(shí),有可能出現(xiàn)尿瘺、尿道狹窄等并發(fā)癥。損傷的程度及手術(shù)操作對(duì)尿道并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率有明顯影響[14,15]。尿道并發(fā)癥多需根據(jù)具體情況予以治療。(5)其他并發(fā)癥:陰莖勃起疼痛、包皮水腫、切口感染等,均需對(duì)癥處理。
陰莖折斷是男性生殖器的急性損傷,單純依靠病史和體檢就可以及時(shí)做出正確診斷。急診手術(shù)治療有較滿意的效果,術(shù)后遠(yuǎn)期并發(fā)癥的防治是臨床處理的重點(diǎn)。
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(2013-12-12收稿)
Immediate surgical intervention of penile fracture (Report of 9 Cases)
Fang Dengpan, Xu Jianxin, She Xianliang, Liu Qingshan, Zhang Lu, Zhang Fan, Liu Tao, Zhu Tao
Department of Urology, Aff liated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan 430010, China
ObjectiveTo summarize the experience of immediate surgical intervention for the penile fracture and its complication.MethodsThe clinical data of 9 cases of penile facture were analyzed retrospectively. The related literatures published in recent years were reviewed. All patients who were surgically confirmed as rupture of the tunica albuginea of the corpora cavernosa or urethra received immediate surgical intervention including evacuation of the hematoma, careful hemostasis, and closure of the corporeal or/and urethra tear.ResultsAll surgery was uneventful. 1 case had an infection complication of and 1 case had moderate penile skin edema. The two patients were cured after anti-infection and symptomatic treatment. Nine patients were followed up for 6 to 48 months. One case developed erectile dysfunction which needed medication,1 case developed penile deviation which did not affect sexual function,1 case with urethral stricture was cured by regular urethral dilatation.Other patients had normal sexual function and no voiding dysfunction.ConclusionImmediate surgical repair is a better approach for treatment of penile fracture and shows an excellent outcome. The prevention and treatment of long-term postoperative complications is also very important in clinical treatment.
penis/injuries; emergency treatment; postoperative complications
10.3969/j.issn.1008-0848.2014.05.011
R 699.8