喻淑勤
實(shí)行新課改以來(lái),原高考試卷和學(xué)業(yè)水平考試中的補(bǔ)全對(duì)話(huà)改為閱讀填句。這一改變很明顯增強(qiáng)了對(duì)閱讀理解能力的要求,同時(shí)保留了補(bǔ)充對(duì)話(huà)能力的考查,每題的分值也增加到了二分,從而使這一題型的總分達(dá)到了10分,成為了閱讀理解題型中分值最高的一題,但閱讀量卻是相對(duì)而言最小的一題,也是最貼近于生活的一題。因此,筆者認(rèn)為,這就要求學(xué)生能夠自己創(chuàng)設(shè)語(yǔ)境,走進(jìn)生活,從而把握這一題型,抓住這10分。當(dāng)然,這就要求在日常教學(xué)中,教師能夠適時(shí)創(chuàng)設(shè)情境、引導(dǎo)學(xué)生發(fā)揮想象,使做閱讀填句題成為一種體驗(yàn)生活的樂(lè)趣,把學(xué)生置于運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言情境中去感知、分析、理解、操練,從模擬交際到真實(shí)交際,最終真正掌握英語(yǔ),即英語(yǔ)教學(xué)要在情境中教,在情境中學(xué)。
偉大的教育家夸美紐斯曾說(shuō)“一切知識(shí)都是從感官開(kāi)始的?!苯逃睦韺W(xué)家布魯姆也曾說(shuō):“成功的外語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)應(yīng)當(dāng)在課內(nèi)創(chuàng)設(shè)更多的情境,讓學(xué)生有機(jī)會(huì)運(yùn)用已學(xué)到的語(yǔ)言材料。”在多年的教學(xué)實(shí)踐中,筆者也深切地體會(huì)到情境教學(xué)的必要性、緊迫性及實(shí)用性。情境創(chuàng)設(shè)要求教師深入了解學(xué)生的生活習(xí)慣、興趣愛(ài)好和學(xué)習(xí)特點(diǎn),建立深厚的師生感情,讓學(xué)生“親其師,信其道”。它需要教師在教學(xué)中盡可能地把枯燥的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象在環(huán)境中轉(zhuǎn)化為學(xué)生樂(lè)于接受的、生動(dòng)有趣的活動(dòng)形式,使學(xué)生在真實(shí)的語(yǔ)言情境或模擬的情境中更好地組織思維,理解具體情境中所傳遞的信息和語(yǔ)言材料,激發(fā)表達(dá)思想的欲望,從而促進(jìn)培養(yǎng)運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)理解和表達(dá)思想的能力。
例如,2012年12月河北省普通高中學(xué)業(yè)水平考試試題閱讀填句教學(xué)案例:根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Do you have a hard time saying “no” to others? Do you say “yes” when you really mean no? 1 Many people end up saying “yes” to something they dont really want to do for several reasons.
Start to give yourself and others more trust. It is extremely unlikely for people to no longer want to be around you just because you have said no a few times. 2
1. “Im sorry, I just dont have the time at the moment.”
If you are too busy then let the other person know. After all, your own work and family are first. 3
2. “I dont think Im the best person to help you out. Why dont you try...”
If you think you cant be of any help, then simply say so. Maybe you know someone else who would be better siuted for the task. 4 This is a good one to use at work.
3.“Id love to, but...”
5 Saying that you would love to do something shows that you like the other persons idea but you just cant do it.
A. Youre not alone.
B. Tell people to go to that person for help instead.
C. It all depends on how you say “no”.
D. Force that person to take up the task.
E. This is usually a gentle way of saying “no” to someone.
F. It is important to know when to say “no” to other people.
G. The other person will understand , especially if they also have a busy job and a family of their own.
粗略閱讀完文章,弄懂大意之后,我沒(méi)有苛求學(xué)生費(fèi)勁苦心地去尋找符合題意的選項(xiàng),而是叫到李梅問(wèn):
If I ask you to write an article of 500 words, how will you answer me?
The student hesitated for a moment and answered:“I,e …but Ill have a try.”
我接連又叫到幾個(gè)學(xué)生,大部分學(xué)生都給予類(lèi)似的回答。
“Ok, lets look at the first blank. Can you give me an exact answer?”
學(xué)生異口同聲地回答出正確答案:“You are not alone.”
“Now, lets come to the second one .”
“Do you have a friend who has refused to help you?”
幾個(gè)學(xué)生主動(dòng)起立講述自己被同學(xué)拒絕的經(jīng)歷,我緊跟著問(wèn)道:“Are you still friends now?”
他們說(shuō):“Certainly,or were not true friends.”
“Yes,”我語(yǔ)重心長(zhǎng)地肯定,“只要朋友有拒絕你的充分理由而且方式得當(dāng),我們是不會(huì)介意的,畢竟人無(wú)完人?!薄癝o,It all depends on how you say“no” whether your friends will leave you.”
“I believe question 3 is so popular that every student can give me an example.”學(xué)生聽(tīng)了我的話(huà),有的不以為然,我立刻提出下一生活場(chǎng)景 :Your father is wanted to help a friend of his, but you or your mother need him very much. Do you need to be understood ?
學(xué)生回答: “Yes.”
我補(bǔ)充到:“And so does your father.”
學(xué)生點(diǎn)頭,這樣問(wèn)題3就迎刃而解了。是呀,我們需要?jiǎng)e人的理解,當(dāng)然我們也要學(xué)著去理解別人家人、朋友,尤其是我們的爸爸媽媽?zhuān)藭r(shí)我沒(méi)有忘記“教書(shū)更要育人”是我們教師的職責(zé)。接下來(lái)兩題屬于細(xì)節(jié)性的題目,根據(jù)題目所在段落的環(huán)境能直接判斷出答案,這里不再贅述。
還有一次講到The History of the Internet,我指導(dǎo)學(xué)生抓住history一詞按時(shí)間順序理順文章內(nèi)容,把自己對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展經(jīng)過(guò)的了解及網(wǎng)絡(luò)給我們的生活帶來(lái)的影響講出來(lái)。學(xué)生列舉了很多,如網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物、發(fā)郵件、交朋友、上遠(yuǎn)程課等等,從而“真實(shí)地回顧”網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)展的歷史,講評(píng)過(guò)后,我激勵(lì)學(xué)生通過(guò)自己的努力學(xué)習(xí)掌握科學(xué)文化知識(shí),為科技的發(fā)展和人類(lèi)的進(jìn)步貢獻(xiàn)自己的一份力量。
每一篇閱讀填句可以說(shuō)都來(lái)源于普通的生活,同時(shí)也為我們以后的生活提供指導(dǎo)。只要我們恰當(dāng)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生從生活中的點(diǎn)滴去積累,就一定能贏得一片開(kāi)闊的天地,不僅學(xué)生成績(jī)提高了,同時(shí)提高的還有他們生活質(zhì)量。
總之,在英語(yǔ)教學(xué)尤其是閱讀教學(xué)中,教師利用情境組織課堂教學(xué),可以激發(fā)學(xué)生的靈感和想象,使學(xué)生在受到某種觸動(dòng)時(shí)自然而然地把思考范圍拓展開(kāi)去,多向散射而使思維極具活力,為英語(yǔ)課教學(xué)注入新的活力。這可以更好地激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)主動(dòng)性,確立學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的主體地位,提高學(xué)習(xí)效率,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生交流信息和思想感情傳遞的能力。
參考資料:
1.中小學(xué)課堂教學(xué)模式選編[M],新世紀(jì)出版社, 2010(9).
2.《在情景教學(xué)中營(yíng)造視聽(tīng)說(shuō)三位一體的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境》[J], 中小學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究, 2006
3.李吉林,《情境教學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)與實(shí)踐》[J].四川教育出版社,2011(10)
【責(zé)編 張景賢】