課的設(shè)計(jì)與思考
一、教學(xué)內(nèi)容的分析
1.Project板塊的地位和作用
Project板塊的主要作用是引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行探究性學(xué)習(xí),把英語(yǔ)課堂的聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)與生活世界建立聯(lián)系,實(shí)現(xiàn)“用英語(yǔ)做事”的目的。該板塊通常提供與單元話(huà)題有關(guān)的閱讀材料,激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣,讓學(xué)生通過(guò)小組討論、分工合作、調(diào)查訪(fǎng)談、信息檢索、交流匯報(bào)等活動(dòng)形式,用英語(yǔ)做一件事情,最后呈現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)成果,創(chuàng)造性地完成學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù),培養(yǎng)綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力。
本單元的主題是“Science and nature”。Project板塊提供了兩篇相關(guān)文章,其中一篇是關(guān)于人與自然的閱讀材料——“Man and nature”,目的是拓展該主題的學(xué)習(xí),豐富學(xué)生關(guān)于該主題的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn),為學(xué)生“用英語(yǔ)開(kāi)展辯論”奠定良好的基礎(chǔ)。
2.教學(xué)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)
本單元的重點(diǎn)(也是難點(diǎn))是學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)如何開(kāi)展辯論,知道從確定辯論題目到最終辯論的呈現(xiàn)的基本步驟,并能利用與話(huà)題相關(guān)的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn),用英語(yǔ)有效地開(kāi)展辯論。
二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)的確定
本節(jié)課的主要教學(xué)目標(biāo)是通過(guò)閱讀、頭腦風(fēng)暴、小組討論等學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng),讓學(xué)生能夠:
1.知道辯論的相關(guān)程序和步驟;
2.運(yùn)用所學(xué)到的、與單元話(huà)題相關(guān)的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn),用英語(yǔ)就單元主題相關(guān)內(nèi)容開(kāi)展辯論,分清觀(guān)點(diǎn)與材料、主題與細(xì)節(jié);
3.進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識(shí)與理解“人與自然”的關(guān)系。
三、教學(xué)方法的選擇
根據(jù)本課的教學(xué)目標(biāo),選擇任務(wù)型教學(xué)法,具體教學(xué)策略包括頭腦風(fēng)暴、概念圖以及小組合作學(xué)習(xí)等。教學(xué)方法選擇的依據(jù)是教學(xué)目標(biāo)以及為達(dá)成目標(biāo)要完成的教學(xué)任務(wù)。
四、教學(xué)過(guò)程的設(shè)計(jì)
教學(xué)過(guò)程主要分為三個(gè)階段:辯論前、辯論中和辯論后,在每一階段安排相應(yīng)的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)。
課例呈現(xiàn)
Teaching procedures
I.Pre-debate (about 15 mins)
1.Lead-in: Greetings and get the Ss to watch part of the video The Day After Tomorrow and answer some questions such as “What caused the disaster?” etc.
(設(shè)計(jì)意圖:通過(guò)觀(guān)看影片片段創(chuàng)設(shè)學(xué)習(xí)情境,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)注本課主題——Environment or economy?)
2.Brain-storming: What will you think of when you hear or see the following two words?List the words or events you think of in the relative columns on the blackboard. You can come and do it at any time and write as many as you can.
(設(shè)計(jì)意圖:讓學(xué)生盡可能多地從自己已有的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)中回憶有關(guān)信息,如有關(guān)事件、現(xiàn)象以及相應(yīng)的英語(yǔ)詞匯,為后續(xù)的辯論做好話(huà)題信息和語(yǔ)言詞匯方面的準(zhǔn)備。根據(jù)課前的預(yù)習(xí)要求,學(xué)生在課前已經(jīng)做了辯論的信息準(zhǔn)備,會(huì)在較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成這個(gè)任務(wù)。)
3.Reading:Man and Nature
Task 1 Complete concept maps
Skimming to find out the gist of each paragraph by doing jigsaw reading in groups of four and scanning to find the details of each paragraph in groups.
(設(shè)計(jì)意圖:文章分為4個(gè)小節(jié)。學(xué)生利用下面的概念圖學(xué)習(xí)運(yùn)用基本閱讀策略歸納主題和大意,并尋找支持主題或大意的事實(shí)與細(xì)節(jié)信息,進(jìn)行信息分類(lèi)并做好文字摘錄,以可視化的概念圖表達(dá)自己對(duì)文章的理解,為理清辯論思路提供圖表支持。)
Task 2 呈現(xiàn)辯論主題 Divide the class into halves (Pro side and Con side) and each half into three or four groups. Each group gets a handout about how to prepare a debate based on the reading and their real-life experience. Each group should get ready to present ideas in at least four different aspects to support their sides.
Students can refer to the above concept map while preparing their debate.
Environment and economy, which is more important?
(設(shè)計(jì)意圖:分組并確定正方和反方的主題,便于各方圍繞主題作辯論準(zhǔn)備,學(xué)習(xí)用英語(yǔ)思維與表達(dá)。)
II. While-debate (about 20 mins)
Step 1 Each student presents his ideas in his group and the other three listen and make comments.
(設(shè)計(jì)意圖:小組內(nèi)預(yù)演是為了讓所有組員有更多的練習(xí)機(jī)會(huì),也為后續(xù)的正式辯論增強(qiáng)信息。分組根據(jù)班級(jí)規(guī)模,分成8組,每組4至5人,保證每個(gè)學(xué)生都能充分地表達(dá)自己的想法。)
Step 2 The host declare the opening of the debate and introduce the debaters from two sides.(They come from four different groups of each side. )
Step 3 Debaters begin their debate, others listen and prepare their questions.
Step 4 Students argue with the debaters from the opposite sides.
(設(shè)計(jì)意圖:這既是語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用的環(huán)節(jié),也是檢驗(yàn)教學(xué)目標(biāo)是否達(dá)成的環(huán)節(jié)?!癝tep 1”的目的是讓所有學(xué)生都參與到語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)——辯論中來(lái);“Step 2”正反雙方把代表本方觀(guān)點(diǎn)的各個(gè)小組推薦的1名優(yōu)秀“辯手”組成4人小組,給優(yōu)秀學(xué)生提供充分展示才能的機(jī)會(huì);“Step 3,4”為所有學(xué)生提供聽(tīng)取別人觀(guān)點(diǎn)、重新整合已有信息、表達(dá)自己不同觀(guān)點(diǎn)的機(jī)會(huì)。)
III. Post-debate(10 mins)
1. Comments from the students.(各方聽(tīng)眾對(duì)對(duì)方辯手的提問(wèn)不少于3個(gè)問(wèn)題。)
2. Summary by the host.(要求說(shuō)出各方的優(yōu)點(diǎn)與不足。)
3. Summary by the teacher.(對(duì)全班學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中的表現(xiàn)做出評(píng)價(jià),以正面評(píng)價(jià)為主。)
(設(shè)計(jì)意圖:這是對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程和學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)果的評(píng)價(jià)和反饋的環(huán)節(jié)。評(píng)價(jià)和反饋的重點(diǎn)是學(xué)生使用語(yǔ)言的能力,以及在使用語(yǔ)言的過(guò)程中反映的價(jià)值觀(guān)念;其次是學(xué)生的參與水平以及辯論的規(guī)范性。教師在學(xué)生辯論過(guò)程中應(yīng)密切注意學(xué)生的反應(yīng),認(rèn)真傾聽(tīng)與觀(guān)察,這樣才能收集到有關(guān)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)狀態(tài)的信息,并給予恰當(dāng)?shù)脑u(píng)價(jià),提出中肯的學(xué)習(xí)建議。)
4.Homework
Write a short passage about 100 words on either Pro side or Con side based on the debate in class.
(設(shè)計(jì)意圖:課堂上學(xué)生開(kāi)展的主要是“聽(tīng)”“說(shuō)”和“讀”的語(yǔ)言技能的學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng),雖然沒(méi)有“寫(xiě)”,但是卻為學(xué)生課后順利開(kāi)展“寫(xiě)”的活動(dòng)做了良好的鋪墊,有利于提高學(xué)生書(shū)面表達(dá)的準(zhǔn)確性和邏輯性。同時(shí),豐富的課堂活動(dòng)降低了學(xué)生“寫(xiě)”的難度,有利于提高學(xué)生“寫(xiě)”的信心并獲得成就感。)
Handout
Guidance on a dKsuRFZMlsqqCTJN/K8LiOQ==ebate
1.Planning
(1) Grouping. Divide the whole class into 8 groups.
(2) Topic: Economy or environment? Which one do you think is more important?Why?
(3) Information searching. Where to find information?
——By interviewing, reading and brain-storming. For example,what have human done to nature?
(4) Discuss and classify the information each group member has found. Decide what information to start your debate with. The strongest point should be your opening point. Don’t forget to keep a good point for the ending as it will leave a lasting impression.
2.Preparing
How to deal with the information?
(1) Make a list of the points that your group comes up with. For example, how human development has harmed nature according to the passage or what you know.
(2) Make a list of the points that you think the opposite members will think of and get ready to argue back.( Eg. How nature has held back the development of humans)
3.Producing
(1) Practise the debate in groups. Make sure that each group member has a few points to introduce.
(2) Decide how you are going to time each section of the debate.
(3) Practise in groups to get more familiar with your points and procedures.
4.Presenting / debate
Debate in front of the class.
5.Sentence structures for reference
In my opinion,_____________(贊成或反對(duì)的觀(guān)點(diǎn))
On the one hand,____________(理由一)
On the other hand,___________(理由二)
What’s more,_______________(理由三)
In a word,_____________(總結(jié)觀(guān)點(diǎn)談對(duì)策)
I think/believe that...
From my point of view it seems that...
It seems to me that...
Personally I agree/ disagree because...
Personally I agree with ...
I am afraid I can’t agree with... on this point, because.../due to...
Thanks to ...
As a result of...
On account of ...
(作者單位:南京市建鄴高級(jí)中學(xué))