Larsen Freeman 提出一個三維語法教學模式—— Form (How is it formed?), Meaning (What does it mean?)和 Pragmatics( When / Why is it used?)。 高中英語語法教學只有把語言形式、意義和用法有機地結(jié)合起來,才能更好地培養(yǎng)學生運用語法的能力。我的理解是:要遵循簡要、易學和有用三原則,給學生最大限度地創(chuàng)造機會讓他們使用語法,在使用中體會語法帶來的快樂和成就感。
1.在音樂中學習語法。
譯林版《牛津高中英語》模塊三的語法重點是whatever引導的從句,在英文歌Right here waiting(《此情可待》)的音樂聲中,我們開始了狀語從句的學習。
Oceans apart day after day... /Wherever you go/Whatever you do/I will be right here waiting for you...
再如,在模塊五第二單元我們碰到了典型的虛擬語氣句:“If I were the president of Italy, I would consider taking away his liscence.”為了能理解這個語法點,我和學生一起觀看并欣賞了碧昂絲演唱的If I were a boy(《如果我是個男孩》),要求他們在反復聽和觀看之后完成填空:
If I ___ (am) a boy /Even just for a day I__ ___ ___ of bed in the morning/ And throw on what I wanted and go/Drink beer with the guys/ And chase after girls/ I____ ___ it with who I wanted/ And I___ ___get confronted for it /Because they___ ___ ___for me. /If I ____ a boy I think I ___ understand how it feels to love a girl / I s___(發(fā)誓) I ____ ____ a better man....
2.讓英語短劇驅(qū)趕語法學習的緊張。
情態(tài)動詞是高中階段必學的內(nèi)容,意思較多,抽象的理論講解往往會讓學生一頭霧水。于是,我引用了《新概念英語》中一個個生動有趣的故事。例如,第二冊第19課Sold out(《票已售完》):“我”匆忙趕到售票處,卻被告知票已售完。
“The play may begin at any moment,” I said. “ It may have begun already,”Susan answered. ...“I might as well have them,”I said sadly.
至今仍然能記得學生在聽了磁帶里售票員怪聲怪氣的聲音后的哈哈大笑,在接下來的那一堂課里我又讓他們表演這個短劇,在一遍遍的聽讀、模仿、表演中,學生對情態(tài)動詞表示對過去的推測這一語法知識點有了感性的認識,學習的焦慮和緊張消除了很多。
3.語法為我們的生活增添樂趣。
在學習非謂語動詞、虛擬語氣時,我讓學生閱讀、模仿造句和講演,讓他們明白此語法點是有用的,是為表達我們的愿望服務的。如在學習“意外結(jié)果”的表達時,師生共讀了一條演藝明星的八卦新聞:“To everyone’s surprise,Giddens went over and locked lips with Ko for ten seconds,leaving Chen shocked. ”(見21st Century Teens高二版)吸引了學生的注意力。有時,我還會利用明星人物的新聞,引導學生關(guān)注英語表達方式靈活的特點,如Justin Bieber seems to be everywhere these days, making albums, performing in concerts, even taking over the book charts with his autobiography.再如I hurried to school only to find that it was Sunday. I hurried to the station only to be told that the train had left one minute before.另外,我讓學生以If I were a teacher/ mayor...為題演講,讓語法與生活貼近起來,在實際表達運用中進行語法點的鞏固。
4.讓詩歌、格言和散文盡顯語法的美。
語法可以是美的,我常和學生一起分享、賞析一些很有文學氣息的詩歌、格言及散文。例如,詩歌 The more you...(《你越多地……》)。
The more you give, The more you get./ The more you laugh,The less you forget. / The more you do unselfishly, The more you live abundantly. /The more of everything you share, The more you’ll always have to spare. /The more you love, The more you’ll find that life is good and friends are kind. /For only what we give away enriches us from day to day.
這首詩既完善了教學,又成就了我們的德育目標。
語法不僅僅代表著枯燥的語法規(guī)則,晦澀難懂的語法術(shù)語,永遠做不完的語法高考題,語法是有趣的、生動的、美麗的。當我們以激動人心的方式呈現(xiàn)語法時,當我們在輕松愉悅的氛圍中感知語法時,當我們帶著好奇和喜悅的心情去記憶含有重要語法規(guī)則的句子時……我看到年輕的眼睛里閃爍著光芒,能聽到他們充滿活力的笑聲,意識到自己是他們學習和笑聲中的一部分——這是教育者得到的最好的回報。
(作者單位:南京市第十三中學)