羅 奇,程 霞,晏永明,程永現(xiàn),*
1大理學(xué)院藥學(xué)與化學(xué)學(xué)院,大理 671002;2中國(guó)科學(xué)院昆明植物研究所植物化學(xué)與西部植物資源持續(xù)利用國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,昆明 650204
肉桂(Cinnamomum cassia)為樟科(Lauraceae)樟屬植物肉桂的干皮,是常用溫里中藥,具有芳香開(kāi)竅、祛風(fēng)健胃、抗?jié)?、?qiáng)心、鎮(zhèn)靜、鎮(zhèn)痛、解熱、抗驚厥、抑制血小板聚集和抗病原體等作用[1]。近年,隨著中醫(yī)溫陽(yáng)學(xué)術(shù)思想倍受推崇,溫性中藥肉桂的臨床應(yīng)用也在增加。肉桂也是一種常用的辛香調(diào)料,用于煮肉和制作多種食品,在美國(guó),作為調(diào)味品的肉桂其銷(xiāo)量已占據(jù)第二重要位置。我們關(guān)注糖尿病腎病,并從糖尿病腎病屬于微血管病變的病理認(rèn)為溫性中藥可能對(duì)其防治是有效的,為此,我們對(duì)肉桂中成分及其抗糖尿病腎病作用進(jìn)行了研究。采用各種柱色譜從其80%乙醇提取物的水溶性部位分離得到10個(gè)化合物,除化合物3、6和10外,其它化合物均系首次從該種中首次分離。
JASCO-20C型數(shù)字式旋光儀(日本);VG AUTO Spec-3000(英國(guó) VG公司)及Finnigan MAT 90質(zhì)譜儀(德國(guó) Finnigan公司);Bruker AM-400、DRX-500及Avance III 600 MHz核磁共振儀(TMS作為內(nèi)標(biāo),δ為ppm,J為Hz);200~300目柱色譜用硅膠和GF254薄層色譜用硅膠(青島海洋化工廠);45~75 μm MCI gel CHP 20P(日本三菱公司產(chǎn)品);25~100 μm Sephadex LH-20(Pharmacia公司);40 ~63 μm RP-18(日本 Daiso);Agilent RP-18 HPLC色譜柱(9.4 mm × 250 mm,5 μm);Agilent RP-18 HPLC 色譜柱(6 mm × 150 mm,5 μm)。氯仿、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、甲醇等有機(jī)溶劑均為工業(yè)純經(jīng)重蒸后使用,去離子水,異丙醇(分析純)。
肉桂樣品于2010年7月購(gòu)自云南向輝生物科技有限公司,由向輝生物科技有限公司謝福壽工程師鑒定。標(biāo)本(CHYX0173)存于中國(guó)科學(xué)院昆明植物研究所植物化學(xué)與西部植物資源持續(xù)利用國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室。
干燥肉桂50 kg,粉碎,80%乙醇160 L冷浸動(dòng)態(tài)提取3次,過(guò)濾,減壓回收乙醇得浸膏(I)7.5 kg。隨后將浸膏(I)用丙酮溶解,過(guò)濾,減壓回收丙酮得浸膏(II)5.0 kg。浸膏(II)加水懸浮后依次用石油醚和乙酸乙酯進(jìn)行萃取,濃縮水層得到1.5 kg,通過(guò)類(lèi)似切割柱的方法(20 ×120 cm,7.5 kg,硅膠200~300 目),以氯仿-甲醇-水(80∶20∶2.5,25 L,v/v)洗脫劃分三段(Fr.1~Fr.3)。各組份經(jīng)MCI gel CHP 20P、Sephadex LH-20(甲醇)、RP-18 反復(fù)柱層析,反相HPLC,結(jié)合制備TLC從Fr.1中獲得3(1.4 mg)、4(1.3 mg);Fr.2 中獲得 6(4.7 mg)、7(2.0 mg)、8(1.5 mg)和9(1.8 mg);Fr.3中獲得1(3.2 mg)、2(1.7 mg)、5(4.1 mg)和10(2.2 mg)。
Cassoside I(1)無(wú)色油狀物。[α]25D:-43.0(c 1.6,MeOH);UV(MeOH)λmax(logε):315(3.94),292(3.95),202(4.05)nm;EI-MS:m/z 370[M]+;HREI-MS:m/z 370.1229[M]+(calcd for C17H22O9,370.1264);1H NMR(600 MHz,CD3OD) δ:7.77(1H,d,J=1.9 Hz,H-2),7.13(1H,overlapped,H-5),7.17(1H,overlapped,H-6),6.91(1H,d,J=12.9 Hz,H-7),5.88(1H,d,J=12.9 Hz,H-8),4.97(1H,d,J=7.4 Hz,H-1'),3.53(1H,overlapped,H-2'),3.48(1H,overlapped,H-3'),3.41-3.43(2H,overlapped,H-4',H-5'),3.88(1H,overlapped,H-6'a),3.69(1H,dd,J=12.0 Hz,5.5 Hz,H-6'b),3.88(3H,overlapped,-OCH3),3.72(3H,s,-COOCH3);13C NMR(150 MHz,CD3OD)δ:130.8(C-1),115.3(C-2),150.1(C-3),149.0(C-4),116.4(C-5),125.8(C-6),144.6(C-7),118.1(C-8),168.5(C-9),102.1(C-1'),74.7(C-2'),78.2(C-3'),71.2(C-4'),77.8(C-5'),62.4(C-6'),56.6(-OCH3),52.1(-COOCH3)。
化合物1中混有化合物2,利用反相HPLC純化化合物1后,在進(jìn)行核磁共振測(cè)試時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)化合物1中含有化合物2,其比例接近2∶1,據(jù)此推測(cè)化合物2很可能是化合物1不穩(wěn)定造成的。從1H NMR和13C NMR譜可以看出信號(hào)成對(duì)存在?;衔?的1H NMR 給出7.64(1H,d,J=16.0 Hz,H-7)和6.42(1H,d,J=16.0 Hz,H-8),表明存在反式雙鍵結(jié)構(gòu)。主要含有化合物1的樣品的1H NMR譜給出6.91(1H,d,J=12.9 Hz,H-7)和 5.88(1H,d,J=12.9 Hz,H-8),表明化合物1中存在順式雙鍵結(jié)構(gòu),其它數(shù)據(jù)與化合物2基本一致,因此化合物1可被鑒定為Glucosyl methyl ferulate(2)的順式異構(gòu)體,該化合物為新化合物,命名為Cassoside I?;衔?的主要HMBC和COSY相關(guān)見(jiàn)圖1,化合物1與2的HPLC圖譜見(jiàn)圖2。
圖1 化合物1的主要COSY及HMBC相關(guān)Fig.1 Key HMBC and COSY correlations of compound 1
圖2 化合物1(A)、化合物1核磁樣品(B)及化合物2(C)的HPLC色譜圖Fig.2 HPLC chromatograms of purified compound 1(A),compound 1 degraded sample(B)and purified compound 2(C)
Glucosyl methyl ferulate(2)無(wú)色油狀物。[α]:-59.5(c 1.5,MeOH);UV(MeOH)λmax(logε):315(4.01),293(4.03),202(4.10)nm;1H NMR(600 MHz,CD3OD)δ:7.22(1H,d,J=1.3 Hz,H-2),7.13(1H,overlapped,H-5),7.17(1H,overlapped,H-6),7.64(1H,d,J=16.0 Hz,H-7),6.42(1H,d,J=16.0 Hz,H-8),4.97(1H,d,J=7.4 Hz,H-1'),3.53(1H,dd,J=8.9,7.4 Hz,H-2'),3.48(1H,dd,J=8.9,8.9 Hz,H-3'),3.41-3.43(2H,overlapped,H-4',H-5'),3.89(1H,dd,J=12.0 Hz,2.0 Hz,H-6'a),3.70(1H,dd,J=12.0,5.5 Hz,H-6'b),3.90(3H,s,-OCH3),3.78(3H,s,-COOCH3);13C NMR(150 MHz,CD3OD)δ:130.4(C-1),112.4(C-2),150.8(C-3),49.9(C-4),117.3(C-5),123.4(C-6),145.9(C-7),117.1(C-8),169.2(C-9),102.1(C-1'),74.7(C-2'),78.2(C-3'),71.2(C-4'),77.8(C-5'),62.4(C-6'),56.6(-OCH3),52.1(-COOCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)數(shù)值相符[2]。
Caffeine(3)白色粉末。1H NMR(600 MHz,CD3OD)δ:3.35(3H,s,N1-CH3),3.53(3H,s,N3-CH3),3.98(3H,s,N7-CH3),7.87(1H,s,H-8);13C NMR(150 MHz,CD3OD)δ:28.3(N1-CH3),156.8(C-2),30.2(N3-CH3),150.0(C-4),109.0(C-5),153.4(C-6),34.1(N7-CH3),144.1(C-8)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)數(shù)值相符[3]。
3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenylethanol(4)淡黃色油狀物。1H NMR(600 MHz,CD3OD)δ:6.73(1H,d,J=1.7 Hz,H-2),6.63(1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-5),6.57(1H,dd,J=8.0,1.8 Hz,H-6),2.66(2H,t,J=7.2 Hz,H-7),3.63(2H,t,J=7.2 Hz,H-8),3.28(3H,s,-OCH3);13C NMR(150 MHz,CD3OD)δ:131.7(C-1),116.0(C-2),145.8(C-3),148.8(C-4),113.5(C-5),122.3(C-6),39.8(C-7),64.5(C-8)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)數(shù)值相符[4]。
Glycerol-2-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid)ether(5)無(wú)色針晶。1H NMR(600 MHz,Pyr-d5)δ:7.75(1H,d,J=1.8 Hz,H-2),7.44(1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-5),7.84(1H,dd,J=8.4,1.8 Hz,H-6),6.89(2H,brs,2(OH),4.40(2H,dd,J=10.6,5.5 Hz,H-1'a,H-3'a),4.36(2H,dd,J=10.6,5.5 Hz,H-1'b,H-3'b),5.07(1H,m,H-2'),3.69(3H,s,-OCH3);13C NMR(150 MHz,Pyr-d5)δ:123.2(C-1,C-6),113.5(C-2),149.8(C-3),153.5(C-4),114.7(C-5),167.3(-COOH),62.0(C-1',C-3'),82.6(C-2'),55.9(-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)數(shù)值相符[5]。
Cinnacaside(6)淡黃色油狀物。1H NMR(500 MHz,CD3OD)δ:4.04(1H,d,J=10.2 Hz,H-1),1.76-1.80(1H,m,H-2),1.53-1.59(2H,m,H-3),1.51-1.55(2H,m,H-4),2.45(2H,d,J=3.3 Hz,H-10),2.66(1H,d,J=12.7 Hz,H-14a),2.18(1H,d,J=12.7 Hz,H-14b),1.09(3H,d,J=6.3 Hz,H-15),1.04(3H,s,H-16),1.78(3H,s,H-17),2.88-2.92(1H,m,H-18),3.86(1H,overlapped,H-19a),3.44-3.48(1H,t,J=9.0 Hz,H-19b),0.95(3H,d,J=6.9 Hz,H-20),4.24(1H,d,J=7.8 Hz,H-1'),3.14-3.19(1H,m,H-2'),3.25-3.36(1H,overlapped,H-3'),3.25-3.36(1H,overlapped,H-4'),3.25-3.36(1H,overlapped,H-5'),3.66(1H,dd,J=3.6,11.7 Hz,H-6'a),3.86(1H,m,H-6'b);13C NMR(125 MHz,CD3OD)δ:72.9(C-1),35.1(C-2),28.9(C-3),26.5(C-4),84.6(C-5),93.0(C-6),96.9(C-7),89.3(C-8),48.3(C-9),40.8(C-10),171.7(C-11),137.3(C-12),143.1(C-13),37.2(C-14),18.9(C-15),13.7(C-16),12.3(C-17),34.4(C-18),73.7(C-19),14.9(C-20),104.5(C-1'),75.2(C-2'),78.0(C-3'),71.7(C-4'),78.1(C-5'),62.8(C-6')。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)數(shù)值相符[6]。
阿魏酸甲酯(7)白色粉末。1H NMR(600 MHz,CD3OD)δ:7.09(1H,s,H-2),6.98(1H,dd,J=8.1,1.6 Hz,H-5),6.68(1H,dd,J=8.1,1.6 Hz,H-6),7.53(1H,d,J=15.9 Hz,H-7),6.26(1H,d,J=15.9 Hz,H-8),3.80(3H,s,-OCH3),3.68(3H,s,-OCH3);13C NMR(150 MHz,CD3OD)δ:126.8(C-1),124.4(C-2),152.0(C-3),149.7(C-4),116.7(C-5),114.4(C-6),147.1(C-7),111.3(C-8),169.9(C-9),56.3(-OCH3),51.9(-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)數(shù)值相符[7]。
Methyl p-hydroxy-trans-cinnamate(8)白色粉末。1H NMR(600 MHz,CD3OD)δ:7.36(2H,d,J=9.1 Hz,H-2,H-6),6.70(2H,d,J=9.1 Hz,H-3,H-5),7.53(1H,d,J=16.0 Hz,H-7),6.23(1H,d,J=16.0 Hz,H-8),3.68(3H,s,-OCH3);13C NMR(150 MHz,CD3OD)δ:126.5(C-1),131.2(C-2,C-6),117.4(C-3,C-5),162.3(C-4),146.7(C-7),114.3(C-8),169.8(C-9),51.9(-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)數(shù)值相符[8]。
Methyl p-hydroxy-cis-cinnamate(9)白色粉末。1H NMR(600 MHz,CD3OD)δ:7.56(2H,d,J=9.1 Hz,H-2,H-6),6.66(2H,d,J=9.1 Hz,H-3,H-5),6.77(1H,d,J=12.8 Hz,H-7),5.68(1H,d,J=12.8 Hz,H-8),3.62(3H,s,-OCH3);13C NMR(150 MHz,CD3OD)δ:127.1(C-1),133.7(C-2,C-6),116.1(C-3,C-5),161.1(C-4),145.3(C-7),115.6(C-8),169.6(C-9),51.9(-OCH3)?;衔?8的1H NMR 信號(hào)中,7.53(1H,d,J=16.0 Hz,H-3)和6.23(1H,d,J=16.0 Hz,H-2)為反式偶合烯氫質(zhì)子信號(hào)。化合物9的1H NMR信號(hào)中,6.77(1H,d,J=12.8 Hz,H-3)和5.68(1H,d,J=12.8 Hz,H-2)為典型的順式偶合烯氫質(zhì)子信號(hào),13C NMR信號(hào)與化合物8基本一致。故鑒定化合物9為Methyl p-hydroxy-cis-cinnamate[9,10]。
(+)-Lyoniresinol 3a-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(10)淡黃色油狀物。1H NMR(600 MHz,CD3OD)δ:2.65(1H,dd,J=14.9,5.4 Hz,H-1a),2.55(1H,dd,J=14.9,5.4 Hz,H-1b),1.69-1.59(1H,m,H-2),2.04-1.96(1H,m,H-3),3.83(1H,dd,J=9.8,5.4Hz,H-4),6.51(1H,s,H-8),6.36(2H,s,H-2',H-6'),4.35(1H,d,J=6.6 Hz,H-2a),4.21(1H,d,J=6.6 Hz,H-2b),3.48(1H,dd,J=10.9,6.6 Hz,H-3a),3.38(1H,dd,J=10.9,6.6 Hz,H-3b),3.79(3H,s,OCH3),3.68(6H,s,2 × OCH3),3.26(3H,s,OCH3);13C NMR(150 MHz,CD3OD)δ:33.9(C-1),40.5(C-2),66.2(C-2a),46.7(C-3),71.4(C-3a),42.8(C-4),148.6(C-5),138.9(C-6),147.6(C-7),107.8(C-8),130.2(C-9),126.4(C-10),139.4(C-1'),106.8(C-2'),149.0(C-3'),134.4(C-4'),149.0(C-5'),106.8(C-6'),104.9(C-1”),75.2(C-2”),78.0(C-3”),71.7(C-4”),78.2(C-5”),62.8(C-6”),60.3(5-OCH3),56.5(7-OCH3),56.8(3'-OCH3),56.8(5'-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)數(shù)值相符[11]。
肉桂為溫里中藥,依據(jù)中醫(yī)理論其可能對(duì)糖尿病腎病具有干預(yù)作用。為此本實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)所有分離的化合物進(jìn)行了抗糖尿病腎病活性測(cè)試。高糖誘導(dǎo)的腎系膜細(xì)胞可分泌促炎性因子和細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)等,類(lèi)似臨床糖尿病腎病病理,因此被認(rèn)為是研究抗糖尿病腎病的常用模型。采用文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道的ELISA法測(cè)定大鼠腎系膜細(xì)胞(HBZY-1)培養(yǎng)上清中的IL-6、fibronectin 及 collagen IV 表達(dá)水平[12,13]。用純化的抗IL-6、fibronectin及collagen IV抗體包被微孔板,制成固相抗體,向包被單抗的微孔中依次加入含表達(dá)IL-6、fibronectin及collagen IV的待測(cè)樣品,再與HRP標(biāo)記的抗體結(jié)合,形成抗體-抗原-酶標(biāo)抗體復(fù)合物,經(jīng)過(guò)徹底洗滌后加底物TMB顯色。TMB在HRP酶的催化下轉(zhuǎn)化成藍(lán)色,并在酸的作用下轉(zhuǎn)化成最終的黃色。顏色的深淺和樣品中的 IL-6、fibronectin及collagen IV的表達(dá)呈正相關(guān)。用酶標(biāo)儀450 nm波長(zhǎng)下測(cè)定吸光度(OD值),通過(guò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線計(jì)算樣品中大鼠 IL-6、fibronectin及collagen IV濃度。遺憾的是,結(jié)果表明這些成分對(duì)上述細(xì)胞因子和細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)均未顯示明顯的活性,是否肉桂中其它成分具有抗糖尿病腎病作用有待進(jìn)一步研究。
致謝:中國(guó)科學(xué)院昆明植物研究所植物化學(xué)與西部植物資源持續(xù)利用國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室分析中心測(cè)試所有圖譜。
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