段榮榮

現在分詞（動詞-ing形式）和過去分詞的主要差別在于：現在分詞表示“主動和進行”，過去分詞表示“被動和完成”（不及物動詞的過去分詞不表示被動，只表示完成）。

一、現在分詞和過去分詞作定語的用法

單個的分詞放在所修飾的名詞前（少數動詞除外），分詞短語放在所修飾的名詞后。作定語的現在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別在于：現在分詞與被修飾的名詞在邏輯上是主動關系，現在分詞表示動作正在發(fā)生或與謂語同時發(fā)生；過去分詞與被修飾的名詞在邏輯上是被動關系，過去分詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語之前或沒有時間性。有一點要指出的是：現在分詞的被動式既表進行，又表被動。

1. 前置定語

（1）現在分詞表進行，過去分詞表完成。二者都表主動。

the rising sun正在升起的太陽

the risen sun已經升起的太陽

developing countries發(fā)展中國家

developed countries發(fā)達國家

the boiling water正在沸騰的水

the boiled water已經燒開的水

（2）現在分詞表主動或進行，過去分詞表被動。

remaining money 剩下的錢

working people勞動人民____________

a sleeping child一個睡著的孩子

written English書面英語

a man-made satellite人造衛(wèi)星

a newly-built school新修的學校

the exciting news令人激動的消息

the excited people感到激動的人們

a puzzling problem令人迷惑的問題

a puzzled look感到迷惑的表情

2.后置定語

（1）現在分詞的主動式表主動或進行；過去分詞在語態(tài)上表被動，在時間上或表過去發(fā)生，或表沒有時間性。

There are 20 people working for the project. 有20人參與這個項目。

The man standing there is our teacher. 站在那里的那個人是我們的老師。

There are some more events added to the Olympics. 有新的項目已被加到奧運會上。

I dont like the composition written in pencil. 我不喜歡鉛筆寫的作文。（沒有時間性）

（2）現在分詞的被動式既表進行，又表被動。

The library being built in the east of the city will be put into use next year. 正在城東修建的圖書館將于明年交付使用。

比較：

The library built in the east of the city last year attracts many readers. 去年城東修建的圖書館吸引了很多讀者。

二、實例分析

例1 The flowers _________sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.

A. to smell B. smelling

C. smelt____________ D. to be smelt

解析 答案選B?！鞍l(fā)出香味”與“吸引游客”是同時發(fā)生的，排除表示將來的不定式，即A和D；又因為the flowers與smell （發(fā)出……味）是主動關系，所以用現在分詞短語作定語。

例2 Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV； there are pictures____________in your mind instead of before your eyes.

A. to form B. form

C. forming D. having formed

解析 答案選C。form作“出現、產生”解，是不及物動詞，pictures與form是主動關系，用現在分詞作定語，表示“圖畫出現”與“有”同時發(fā)生。注意：這與表示“有……要……”的不定式不同。

例3 The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the .

A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain

C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars

解析 答案選D。remain 是不及物動詞，其過去分詞無被動含義，用remaining （剩下的）作定語，修飾20 dollars。remaining 20 dollars =20 dollars left

例4 Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company，____________as 3M.

A. knowing B. known

C. being known D. to be known

解析 答案選B。因為the ... company與know是被動關系，所以用過去分詞短語作定語，known as 3M = which was known as 3M。

例5 The picture____________ on the wall is painted by my nephew.

A. having hung B. hanging

C. hangs____________ D. being hung

解析 答案選B。hang作“某物懸掛 / 吊在某處”解，是不及物動詞，the picture與hang是主動關系，用hanging作定語。

例6 The disc， digitally in the studio， sounded fantastic at the party that night.

A. recorded B. recording

C. to be recorded D. having recorded

解析 答案選A。the disc與record是被動關系，且record發(fā)生在謂語sounded之前，而不是之后，所以不用不定式，而用過去分詞作定語。

例7 The first textbooks____________for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16 th century.

A. having written B. to be written

C. being written D. written

解析 答案選D。textbooks與write是被動關系，且write發(fā)生在謂語came out（出版）之前，而不是之后，所以不用不定式，而要用過去分詞作定語。

練習

1. The old farmer，____________the badly-injured and wounded soldier， came out of the burning house，____________for help.

A. supporting； calling

B. supported by； called

C. being supported by； called

D. being supporting； called

2. — Oh， its already a quarter past six. What shall we do at the meeting this evening？

— Well go on with the matter____________this afternoon.

A. be discussed B. being discussing

C. discussed D. which discussed

3. The brave man died，____________his young wife nothing but a____________cottage.

A. left； breaking B. leaving； broken

C. left； broken D. to leave； breaking

4. Linda cant attend the party____________at Toms house at present because she is preparing a speech for the party____________at Maries house tomorrow.

A. being held； to be held

B. to be held； held

C. held； being held

D. to be held； to be held

5. The____________situation made everyone feel____________ about what to do next.

A. puzzled； puzzled B. puzzling； puzzling

C. puzzling； puzzled D. puzzled； puzzling

6. Id like to apply for the job as a sales manger of your company____________in China Daily dated August 8.

A. advertising B. advertised

C. having advertised D. being advertised

參考答案

1～6 ACBACB