李翠琴
一、重點詞匯
1. make the headlines 成為重要新聞
The situation in Syria makes the headlines now. 敘利亞局勢成了現(xiàn)在各大媒體關(guān)注的焦點。
【操練】 石油成為今天各大媒體的重要新聞。
The increase of the price of oil today.
2. put pressure on 促進,迫使,給……施壓
【操練】 The US government has been Syria these days to give up Chemical weapons.
3. intend v. 打算,意圖
1) sb. intend to do sth. 打算做某事
What do you intend to do this Sunday?
I visit you last night but it rained. 昨晚我打算拜訪你的,但是天下雨了。
2) sb. intend sb. to do sth. = sb. be intended to do sth. = sb. intend that ... 打算讓某人做某事
They intend their son to take over the company. = Their son is intended to take over the company.
= They intend that their son will take over the company. 他們打算讓他們的兒子接管公司。
4. beyond doubt 毫無疑問
【操練】 1) This is the truth. 無疑這是真相。
【拓展】 There is no doubt that... 毫無疑問……
(Sb.) have / has no doubt that...(某人)確信……
There is (some) doubt whether...對……持有疑問
(Sb.) have / has no doubt whether...某人懷疑……
in doubt懷疑
2) 毫無疑問,“好聲音”節(jié)目在今年夏季成為最受歡迎的音樂節(jié)目。
the Voice of China ranks best among the music program in this summer.
3) 我還有些懷疑他能否勝任一等獎。
he can win the first prize.
注意:1) doubt 用作動詞,后接從句,主句是肯定句,用if 或whether 引導(dǎo);主句是疑問句或否定句則用that 引導(dǎo)。
2) 名詞doubt 后接同位語從句時,否定句用that 引導(dǎo),肯定句用whether 引導(dǎo)。
I he will succeed. 我懷疑他是否能成功。
I he will succeed. 我毫不懷疑他能成功。
5. be dependent on sb. / sth. = depend on = count on = rely on 依靠的,依賴
The country is heavily dependent on its exports of agricultural commodities. = The country heavily depends on / counts on / relies on its exports of agricultural commodities. 這個國家很大程度上依靠農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的出口。
The elderly may seek their own friends rather than become too emotionally dependent on their children. 老年人可以找自己的朋友而不需在情感上太依賴他們的子女。
6. risk
1) at risk 處于危險之中
The disease is spreading, and all children under five are at risk.
2) at the risk of ... 冒……的危險
At the risk of catching the fever himself the man kindly carried the sick child home.
He was determined to get there even at the risk of his life.
3) run / take the risk of 冒……的危險,做某件危險的事
I was afraid to run the risk of betting on the game.
He was ready to run / take the risk of being taken prisoner by the enemy.
4) vt. 冒……的危險,拿……冒險
The brave man risked his life in trying to save the child.
We mustnt risk getting caught in a storm.
7. at a crossroads 處于關(guān)鍵時刻
【操練】 高三學(xué)生的學(xué)業(yè)正處于關(guān)鍵時刻。
Senior 3 students are in their studies.
注意:crossroads 的單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同,意為“十字路口”。
二、重點句型剖析
1. While they are seeing great development, they are still poorer than many countries in other parts of the world. 雖然他們發(fā)展得很快,但仍然比世界上許多其他地方的國家貧窮。
【點撥】 本句是一個主從復(fù)合句,while 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,意為“雖然,盡管”。
While 的各種用法:
1) 作名詞,意為“一會兒”for a while。
2) 作從屬連詞,意為“在……過程中”。
We must strike while the iron is hot. 我們必須乘熱打鐵。
3) 作并列連詞,意為“而” but 表轉(zhuǎn)折,while 表對比。
I like the tea while she likes coffee.
【操練】 盡管排球是她的主攻點,但是她也擅長籃球。
volleyball is her main focus, shes also great at basketball.
2. These things provide a framework for new jobs to be created, allowing people to help themselves so that they no longer need to depend on others. 這些為創(chuàng)造新工作提供了一個體系,使得人們能夠自助,不再需要依賴他人。
注意:本句是一個復(fù)合句,主句為簡單句,allowing people to ...是現(xiàn)在分詞短語做結(jié)果狀語,且該結(jié)構(gòu)中還含有so that 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。
【辨析】 現(xiàn)在分詞和不定式做狀語的區(qū)別:
現(xiàn)在分詞是謂語動詞所造成的必然結(jié)果或自然而然的結(jié)果。
不定式是(1)謂語動詞所造成的偶然結(jié)果或出乎意料的結(jié)果。
(2)用于too...to..., enough... to和so / such... as to 結(jié)構(gòu)中。
A terrible earthquake happened in Japan in March, 2011, bringing a great disaster to the Japanese people. 2011年3月日本發(fā)生了大地震,給日本人民帶來了巨大的災(zāi)難。
He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left. 他急忙趕到火車站,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)走了。
He is old enough to join the army. 他到了參軍的年齡了。
【操練】 More highways have been built in China, it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. 中國已經(jīng)建造了更多的高速公路,使得中國人從一個地方到另外一個地方去旅游容易得多。
3. This is why education and training for young people is so important. 這就是為什么對年輕人的教育和培養(yǎng)是如此重要。
【點撥】 句中why 引導(dǎo)一個表語從句。
【拓展】 This / That / It is because... 這/那是因為……,because 引導(dǎo)表語從句。
The reason why is...is that... ……的原因是……,why 引導(dǎo)定語從句;that引導(dǎo)表語從句。
【操練】 1) 他考試不及格,那是因為他沒有努力學(xué)習(xí)。
He didnt pass the exam, and he didnt work hard.
2) 許多大學(xué)生找工作難的原因是他們的期望值太高。
it is difficult for many university students to find a job they have too high expectations.
4. Another big industry, and one that is growing annually, is the tourism industry. 另外一個大的行業(yè),而且是每年都在增長的一個行業(yè)是旅游業(yè)。
【點撥】 本句是一個主從復(fù)合句, that 引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞one。 句中one 用作替代詞,代指industry.
【操練】 It is an unforgettable experience, that I will treasure forever. 這是一次難忘的經(jīng)歷,我將永遠珍惜。
5. However, very high interest rates have created a situation where countries in the developing world now spend $13 on debt repayment for every$1 that they received. 但是,很高的利率產(chǎn)生了這樣一個局面,發(fā)展中國家現(xiàn)在每得到一美元就要花13美元還債。
【點撥】 本句是一個主從復(fù)合句,where 引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞situation, 而從句中又包含另一個that 引導(dǎo)的定語從句,修飾先行詞every $1。situation 形勢,局面,是表模糊地點的名詞,后跟從句時一般用關(guān)系副詞where.
注意:除了situation 外,英語中還有一些表模糊地點的名詞,這些詞在定語從句中作狀語時一般用where 引導(dǎo)定語從句,如:case, point, scene, activity, stage, position, part, platform...
Unit 2
一、重點詞匯
1. edition
1) 版本(出版形式)a paperback / hardback / hardcover edition 平裝/硬皮/精裝版
2) (報紙、雜志的)一份;(廣播、電視節(jié)目的)一期,一輯
The story was in Tuesdays edition of “The New York Times”. 這個故事在周二那期的《紐約時報》上。
3) (abbr. ed.)版次 The textbook was first published in 1858 and is now in its 39th edition. 這課本在1858年第一次出版,現(xiàn)在是第39版了。
【拓展】 limited edition 限量版; first edition 首版; edit v.編輯;剪輯;主編; editor n.編輯,主編;剪輯師
2. fun n. 高興,樂趣;有趣的人或事
for fun 為了取樂;make fun of sb. 取笑某人,嘲弄某人;What fun! 多么有趣呀!
注意:fun 是不可數(shù)名詞,前面不加冠詞。
3. be on the move 在遷移中,在行進中;在旅途中;在發(fā)展,在前進,變得積極,忙碌
【操練】 (1) It seems that the enemy forces are . 敵軍似乎正在行進中。
(2) Hes always and has no time to talk at all. 他總是忙個不停,根本沒有時間說話。
4. look at
1) I havent had time to the papers yet. 我還沒有時間檢查文件。
2) The Americans life differently from the British. 美國人跟英國人觀察/看待事物的角度不同。
注意下面短語意義的不同:
look down on / look into / look through / look up / look up to / look back on
1) She looked through her notes before the examination. 快速瀏覽
2) If you want to catch the next train, please look up the time in the timetable. 查看
3) A working party has been set up to look into the case. 調(diào)查,審查
4) Looking back on my childhood, I feel so good. 回顧
5) He was looked down on because of his shabby beginnings. 鄙視,瞧不起
6) He was such a great person as was worth looking up to. 贊賞,尊敬(某人)
5. make up組成,構(gòu)成;編造;編寫,創(chuàng)作;給……化妝;補足;補回
1) He made up some excuse about the dog eating his homework. 編造
2) They made up a little poem and wrote it on the card. 編寫;創(chuàng)作
3) They made my face up to look like a clown. 給……化妝
4) Sorry, Im late; Ill make up the time this evening. 補足;補回
5) Women make up 40 per cent of the workforce. 組成,構(gòu)成
6) This book is made up of twelve separate short stories. 由……組成
6. cater
a.(及物動詞)提供(宴席等)的酒菜(與服務(wù))
Who will be catering the wedding? 誰將會提供婚宴服務(wù)?
b.(不及物動詞)(為社交活動)提供飲食,承辦酒席 ~ (for sb./sth.)
Most of our work now involves catering for weddings. 我們現(xiàn)在的工作多半是承辦婚宴。
c. cater for sb. / sth. 滿足需要;迎合
TV must cater for many different tastes. 電視節(jié)目必須迎合各種人的愛好。
cater to sb. / sth. 滿足需要;迎合
newspapers catering to peoples love of scandal 迎合人們愛看丑聞消息的報紙
d. 名詞:caterer 承辦酒席的人;(旅館﹑ 飯店等的)老板,經(jīng)理
7. seek v. 尋求,尋找,搜索[(+ after / for)]
He sought vainly for the answer. 他尋求答案,但無結(jié)果。
Something suspicious was found after the room was sought through. 房間被徹底搜查后,發(fā)現(xiàn)了一點可疑的東西。
He sought to speak to her. 他尋找機會與她說話。
You should seek medical advice. 你應(yīng)該請醫(yī)生診視。
They were seeking employment. 他們在找工作。
相關(guān)短語:seek out 找出,搜出;挑出;seek through 找遍
8. elect
1) 選舉 ~ sb. (to be sth.)
They elected a new president. 他們選舉出一位新總統(tǒng)。
We elected James (to be) chairman. 我們選出詹姆斯當(dāng)主席。
He was elected to be a US state governorship. 他被選為美國一個州的州長。
2) 決定 ~ to do sth. (fml)
She elected to become a lawyer. 她決定當(dāng)律師。
3) 區(qū)別choose, select, pick, elect
elect: 選舉 ~ sb. (as) president / leader / mayor etc.
用choose表示的是自由作出的決定,可僅指兩者之間。(不止兩項時通常用select或pick):
She chose the red sweater rather than the pink one. 她選中那件紅毛衣而不要那件粉紅的。
用select表示所作出的決定比用choose考慮得更為周到:
Our shops select only the very best quality produce. 我們商店都是精選的質(zhì)量最高的產(chǎn)品。
pick比select通俗:
Who are you going to pick for the team? 你打算挑選誰參加這個隊?
二、重點句型剖析
1. In fact, according to the national population survey conducted recently, Florida is home to the largest population of people aged 65 and older. 事實上,根據(jù)最近的全國人口普查, 佛羅里達州是年齡在65歲以及超過65歲的人口的最密集的地區(qū)。
【點撥】 (1)該句中conducted recently 是過去分詞短語作后置定語,相當(dāng)于定語從句which was conducted recently.
(2)分詞作定語
現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動作是主動或正在進行;過去分詞作定語表示動作是被動或完成。
Dont touch the boiling water, its really hot. (正在進行)不要去碰沸騰的水,它的確很熱。
“Things lost never come again!” I couldnt help talking to myself. 我不禁自言自語道:“覆水難收??!”
Look over there—there is a very long, winding path up to the house.
A. leadingB. leads
C. ledD. to lead
2. Younger people might like snow and cold, but for people my age, such weather is very tough; snow can turn into ice, which is easy to slip on. 年紀(jì)輕一點的人可能喜歡雪和嚴寒,但對我這種年紀(jì)的人來說,那樣的天氣很難熬,雪會結(jié)成冰,很容易使人滑倒。
【點撥】 1) 本句是一個由分號連接的并列主從復(fù)合句。第一個分句中,but 連接兩個并列分句。
2) 第二個分句中, which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句;不定式短語to slip on 的邏輯賓語是從句中的主語which(ice)。
難點: (1) 非限制性定語從句對先行詞起補充說明作用。非限制性定語從句中,先行詞與定語從句之間往往用逗號隔開。
(2) 在非限制性定語從句中,不用that。
(3) 當(dāng)非限制性定語從句放在主句前面時,只能用as。
He has two sons, work in the same company. 他有兩個兒子,他們在同一家公司上班。
is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth once every month. 眾所周知,月亮每月繞地球旋轉(zhuǎn)一周。
參考答案
Unit 1
一、1. makes the headlines2. putting pressure on3. intended to4. 1) beyond doubt2) There is no doubt that3) I have some doubt whether; doubt whether; have no doubt that7. at a crossroads
二、1. While2. making3. (1) that was because(2) The reason why, is that4. one
Unit 2
一、3.(1) on the move(2) on the move
4. (1) look at(2) look at
二、1. (2) A2. who; As