屈培華
近年來的中考英語書面表達,常以中英文提示作文、看圖寫作、圖表作文等形式出現(xiàn),旨在考查考生的語言綜合運用能力。大部分題材貼近學生生活,關(guān)注社會熱點問題,諸如人口、環(huán)保、世界和平、和諧社會、希望工程、志愿者、全運會、省運會、地震等方面的問題,涉及到學校及家庭生活、人們生活水平的提高、社會公益事業(yè)、文化交流等話題,同時倡導和諧社會及實施農(nóng)村六大工程的策略與考生的關(guān)系,提升城市文化品位等方面。
通過參加多年的中考閱卷,我發(fā)現(xiàn)不少考生的書面表達常出現(xiàn)以下幾方面的失誤:漢式英語多,逐句翻譯嚴重;句子不完整;缺乏連詞;時態(tài)使用錯誤;部分短語翻譯錯誤;對限定的內(nèi)容有困難時不會變通;詞數(shù)不夠等。提高寫作水平絕不是一時之功,這就需要同學們在日常生活中勤于思考,善于把自己的思想用英語正確地表達和記錄下來。只要不斷地積累,再加上一定的方法和技巧,譜好英語書面表達的“三部曲”,定會讓你旗開得勝?,F(xiàn)不妨以My Last Weekend為例加以說明:
一、審。
即審題,確定文章的主題(How did you spend your last weekend?)和時態(tài)(過去時)。然后細讀要求,全面把握內(nèi)容要點,從提示的內(nèi)容要點出發(fā)(內(nèi)容可有:學習、娛樂、做家務(wù)等。詞數(shù):80詞左右),展開一次“brainstorm”,即頭腦風暴,對主題句(How did you spend your last weekend?)引申出各種聯(lián)想,用My last weekend was very exciting 作為首句——總述。
二、定。
即定主體內(nèi)容——分述。圍繞提示內(nèi)容,列舉實例加以闡述,內(nèi)容要始終與主題句保持一致,然后根據(jù)自己已有的經(jīng)驗和詞匯,選擇最熟悉、最有把握的方面來寫,寫起來要言之有物,并且句與句、段與段之間的銜接要自然、連貫,不妨適當運用關(guān)聯(lián)詞作為過渡詞,以達到承上啟下的效果,如:and, but, however, so, though, even if, also等等。例如:
My last weekend was very exciting. On Saturday morning, I cleaned my room and made my bed. Then I did morning exercises and read the morning newspaper. On Saturday afternoon, I played basketball with my best friends and I did my homework. On Saturday evening, I did the dishes and watched TV with my family. On Sunday, I climbed Mount Tai with my classmates and had a birthday party for my best friend, Liqiang.
三、思。
即展開合理的想象和適當?shù)陌l(fā)揮,擴展思路,加以總體概述——總述。如:Though I was busy and very tired, I was very happy. 同時,還要思考靈活運用長短句,大膽使用長句和復合句,合理使用高級詞匯,以使文章呈現(xiàn)出句式的多樣性和語言的豐富性,這樣才有可能獲得高分。然后反過頭去思考一下:文間是否切題;信息點是否齊全;時態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致、名詞單復數(shù)等語法點是否有誤;單詞拼寫、詞組搭配是否有誤;句子連接是否流暢;詞數(shù)是否符合要求;標點符號是否規(guī)范;書寫是否工整等等。
Last week I had a very meaningful weekend. Last Saturday was Mothers Day, so my father and I bought some flowers for mom and helped her with the housework. We cleaned the house and did the cooking. On Sunday my parents took me to the museum. I not only learned much historical knowledge but also saw many interesting things in it. Though I was busy and very tired, I was very happy.
現(xiàn)在,發(fā)揮你的聰明才智,用所給的中英文提示寫一篇文章。
例題:
回顧初中兩年的成長過程,你一定有很多感受。請你以“My School Life”為題寫一篇短文,從生活、愛好、學習等方面作出自我評價。
注意:
1. 所有的提示詞必須用上,并適當發(fā)揮;
2. 詞數(shù)80左右。
提示詞:learn a lot, do well in , make friends, hobby, your favorite subject, try ones best, hope
解析:
審——確定主題:my school life
確定時態(tài):現(xiàn)在完成時和一般現(xiàn)在時
細讀要求:提示內(nèi)容(回顧初中兩年的成長過程中,你一定有很多感受,請你從生活、愛好、學習等方面作出自我評價,提示詞:learn a lot, do well in, make friends, hobby, your favorite subject, try ones best, hope,所有的提示詞必須用上,并適當發(fā)揮。)字數(shù):80字左右
定——定主體內(nèi)容(謀篇布局)
首句(總)I have studied in my middle school for more than two years.
主體(分) I have learned a lot over the years. I have learned not only how to make friends but also how to talk to others. I have many hobbies. I like singing and dancing. I like sports, too. I often play basketball, football and volleyball with my friends, and football is my favorite. Of all my subjects, I do best in English and Chinese. But my math and physics are a little weak.
尾句(總) I think I will try my best to learn them well. I hope I can study in a key high school next term.
思——仔細檢查看是否所有的提示詞都用上了,是否發(fā)揮了想象,詞數(shù)是否夠數(shù),書寫是否工整、規(guī)范。
冰凍三尺非一日之寒,只要平時多閱讀多練習,并做到持之以恒,始終堅持循序漸進的原則,注意基本功訓練,加強遣詞造句和組句成篇的能力培養(yǎng),考試時保持平和的心態(tài),寫作時按照本文所說的“審——定——思”步驟去做,相信每位同學都能寫出切中題意、語言通順、條理清晰、過渡自然,語法正確的好文章。