龐有旺 鄭季南 洪慶南 方 鈞
(解放軍泉州第180醫(yī)院骨科,福建泉州362000)
三叉神經(jīng)中腦核神經(jīng)元傳遞口面部空間位置信息和閉口肌運(yùn)動(dòng)信息[1]。三叉神經(jīng)中腦核向三叉神經(jīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)核的直接投射組成咀嚼運(yùn)動(dòng)的單突觸反射環(huán)路,在調(diào)控咀嚼運(yùn)動(dòng)中發(fā)揮重要作用[2-4]。以往國內(nèi)、外研究表明大鼠三叉神經(jīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)核內(nèi)Ⅰ型囊泡膜谷氨酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體神經(jīng)終末為三叉神經(jīng)中腦核中樞突終末[5-7]。本研究應(yīng)用免疫組織化學(xué)染色技術(shù),在光鏡下觀察了大鼠三叉神經(jīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)核Ⅰ型囊泡膜谷氨酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體陽性纖維終末在生后發(fā)育過程中變化。
本實(shí)驗(yàn)共用了18只Sprague-Dawley幼年大鼠和3只成年大鼠。把幼鼠出生日作為newborn、然后依次為生后1d、2d等。newborn、生后3、7、10、14、21d和成年每個(gè)年齡段各取3只(非同窩)。在戊巴比妥鈉(60mg/kg)腹膜腔注射深麻醉下,先用0.025mol/L磷酸緩沖液配制的生理鹽水(PBS,pH7.3)經(jīng)心臟沖洗血液,至流出的液體無血色,再用50-300ml含0.2%多聚甲醛和75% (v/v)飽和苦味酸的0.1mol/L的磷酸緩沖液(pH7.3)灌注固定15-30min。灌畢立即取腦并浸于含2%多聚甲醛和75%飽和苦味酸的0.1mol/L PBS后固定24-48h(4℃),然后移入含25%蔗糖的0.1mol/L的PB中,4℃過夜。冰凍連續(xù)冠狀切片,片厚40μm,切片分2套,分別收集于0.05mol/L的PBS中。
第1套切片用于VGluT1免疫組織化學(xué)染色。具體步驟如下:(1)用兔抗 VGluT1IgG(0.8μg/ml,日本京都大學(xué)金子武嗣先生惠贈(zèng))孵育切片過夜;(2)生物素標(biāo)記的驢抗兔IgG(1∶100,Jackson)室溫孵育4h;(3)移入 ABC-Elite(1∶100,Vector)孵育切片3h。其中步驟(1)和(2)用含5%驢血清、0.05%疊氮鈉、0.5%Triton X-100和0.25%角叉菜膠的0.05mol/L 的 PBS稀 釋,步 驟(3)用 含 0.3%Triton X-100的0.05mol/L的PBS稀釋。然后進(jìn)行DAB反應(yīng)和雙氧水呈色。裱片、脫水透明、DPX封片。光鏡下觀察并拍照。
第2套切片用于對照實(shí)驗(yàn)。省略一抗血清或用正常血清替代一抗血清進(jìn)行對照實(shí)驗(yàn),結(jié)果為陰性。
新生幼鼠的三叉神經(jīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)核就可觀察到Ⅰ型囊泡膜谷氨酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體的表達(dá),呈低強(qiáng)度,分布在背外側(cè)部,此時(shí)一個(gè)顯著的特征是三叉神經(jīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)核周區(qū)不能探查到Ⅰ型囊泡膜谷氨酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體的陽性結(jié)構(gòu)(圖a)。出生后的第一周是幼鼠三叉神經(jīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)核內(nèi)Ⅰ型囊泡膜谷氨酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體表達(dá)快速增長期,新生、生后3d、生后7d每階段都有明顯增加(圖a-c),生后7d已經(jīng)接近成年表達(dá)水平(圖a-f)。生后第二周,幼鼠三叉神經(jīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)核內(nèi)Ⅰ型囊泡膜谷氨酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體表達(dá)也有逐漸增加(圖d-e),生后14d幼鼠三叉神經(jīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)核內(nèi)的Ⅰ型囊泡膜谷氨酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體表達(dá)達(dá)到成年模式(圖e-f)。
三叉神經(jīng)中腦核中樞突與三叉神經(jīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)核內(nèi)的運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)元形成單突觸反射通路,該通路以谷氨酸作為遞質(zhì)[8]。作為一種氨基酸,谷氨酸在神經(jīng)元內(nèi)既是神經(jīng)遞質(zhì),又是中間代謝產(chǎn)物。在神經(jīng)元內(nèi),谷氨酸只有被轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)至突觸囊泡內(nèi)才可以發(fā)揮神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)功能。近年已經(jīng)證明分布在囊泡膜的谷氨酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體有三種亞型,負(fù)責(zé)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)谷氨酸到突觸囊泡內(nèi)[5-7]。在大鼠三叉神經(jīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)核內(nèi),Ⅰ型囊泡膜谷氨酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體表達(dá)于三叉神經(jīng)中腦核神經(jīng)元的中樞突[9]。大鼠發(fā)育過程中Ⅰ型囊泡膜谷氨酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體在三叉神經(jīng)中腦核神經(jīng)元的胞體和外周突中的表達(dá)變化以往已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了研究報(bào)道[10]。本文觀察了大鼠生后發(fā)育過程中三叉神經(jīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)核內(nèi)Ⅰ型囊泡膜谷氨酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體的表達(dá)變化。我們觀察到Ⅰ型囊泡膜谷氨酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體在新生大鼠三叉神經(jīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)核內(nèi)已經(jīng)表達(dá),表明胚胎發(fā)育過程中已建立了三叉神經(jīng)中腦核神經(jīng)元發(fā)揮興奮性突觸傳遞功能。出生后Ⅰ型囊泡膜谷氨酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體在三叉神經(jīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)核內(nèi)表達(dá)快速增進(jìn),1w內(nèi)已接近成年水平,2w后達(dá)到成年水平,為幼鼠的咀嚼活動(dòng)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
以往的研究表明三叉神經(jīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)元表達(dá)多種谷氨酸受體,包括AMPA和NMDA受體,有多種AMPA和NMDA受體亞型在剛出生幼鼠的三叉神經(jīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)元表達(dá)[11-13]。生理學(xué)研究表明單突觸反射環(huán)路中通過AMPA和NMDA受體引起三叉神經(jīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)核神經(jīng)元的興奮[14-15]。顯然Ⅰ型囊泡膜谷氨酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體在生后大鼠三叉神經(jīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)核內(nèi)的表達(dá)是與受體的表達(dá)是匹配的。發(fā)育過程中,神經(jīng)環(huán)路的建立依賴神經(jīng)活動(dòng)[16],因而盡管哺乳期幼鼠以吮吸、吞咽等活動(dòng)為主,咀嚼活動(dòng)較少,Ⅰ型囊泡膜谷氨運(yùn)體在三叉神經(jīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)核內(nèi)表達(dá)可能也具有重要生理意義,比如參與神經(jīng)環(huán)路的建立。但詳細(xì)的作用需要進(jìn)一步研究。
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圖 版 說 明
圖 三叉神經(jīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)核光學(xué)顯微鏡像示大鼠生后不同發(fā)育階段Ⅰ型囊泡膜谷氨酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體免疫組織染色。新生大鼠(圖a),生后3d(圖b),生后7d(圖c),生后10d(圖d),生后14d(圖e)和成年大鼠(圖f)。Vmo,三叉神經(jīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)核。標(biāo)尺=150μm (圖a-f)。
EXPLANATION OF FIGURES
Fig.Microphotographs through the trigeminal motor nucleus showing vesicular glutamate transporter 1 immunoreactivty in newborn(Fig.a),3-day-old(Fig.b),7-day-old(Fig.c),10-day-old(Fig.d),14-day-old(Fig.e)and adult rat(Fig.f).Vmo,trigeminal motor nucleus.Bar=150μm (Fig.a-f).