張 軍,張玲利,李金鵬,于紅剛
武漢大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科,湖北武漢 430060
應(yīng)用P38抑制劑降低結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞AKT的表達(dá)
張 軍,張玲利,李金鵬,于紅剛
武漢大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科,湖北武漢 430060
目的探討P38抑制劑SB203580對(duì)順鉑殺傷作用及耐藥性產(chǎn)生的影響。方法以結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞HCT-116為實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象。設(shè)定P38MAPK特異性抑制劑SB203580的濃度20 mg/L、順鉑的濃度100 μmol/L,兩者合用處理結(jié)腸癌HCT-116細(xì)胞株。MTT法和流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)順鉑(Ⅰ組)和SB203580+順鉑(Ⅱ組)對(duì)結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞株HCT-116生長(zhǎng)及凋亡的影響,RT-PCR檢測(cè)順鉑和SB203580+順鉑在轉(zhuǎn)錄水平上AKT的表達(dá)。結(jié)果順鉑與SB203580聯(lián)合后對(duì)HCT-116細(xì)胞增殖的抑制及致凋亡作用顯著增強(qiáng);順鉑與SB203580聯(lián)合后可以顯著降低AKT的表達(dá)水平。結(jié)論SB203580提高順鉑對(duì)結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞株HCT-116的殺傷效果及降低順鉑耐藥性的產(chǎn)生。
結(jié)腸癌;順鉑;耐藥性
結(jié)腸癌(colon cancer)是目前較常見(jiàn)的惡性腫瘤,其發(fā)病率與病死率都非常高[1]。臨床治療腫瘤的新藥雖不斷發(fā)展與更新,但是化療藥物的耐藥性仍不能得到很好的解決,提示該病的治療方法亟待進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)和完善[2]?;蚨舅仡?lèi)化療藥物順鉑(cisplatin,CDDP)對(duì)結(jié)腸癌治療效果較好,但因長(zhǎng)期使用會(huì)產(chǎn)生耐藥性,從而導(dǎo)致其使用劑量加大而加重其毒性作用,使其臨床應(yīng)用受到了一定的限制[3-4]。本課題組前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn)[5]順鉑等化療藥物可以導(dǎo)致AKT的表達(dá)水平的增加,從而提示其耐藥性的產(chǎn)生可能與此有關(guān)。本實(shí)驗(yàn)以結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞HCT-116為研究對(duì)象,初步探討SB203580對(duì)順鉑殺傷作用及耐藥性產(chǎn)生的影響。
1.1 主要材料 結(jié)腸癌HCT-116細(xì)胞株購(gòu)自中國(guó)科學(xué)院上海細(xì)胞庫(kù),屬低分化腺癌細(xì)胞系。Annexin VFITC/PI凋亡檢測(cè)試劑盒購(gòu)自美國(guó) Blender公司。Akt抗體、磷酸化Akt抗體均購(gòu)自CST公司。SB203580、順鉑均購(gòu)自美國(guó)Sigma公司。
1.2 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)和實(shí)驗(yàn)分組 HCT-116細(xì)胞在含10%胎牛血清的RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)基中于37℃、5%CO2孵箱中孵育。實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)取對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期細(xì)胞。實(shí)驗(yàn)分4組:順鉑(Ⅰ組)、SB203580(Ⅱ組)、順鉑 +SB203580(Ⅲ組)及空白對(duì)照組,Ⅰ組與Ⅲ組順鉑均設(shè)定同樣的濃度100μmol/L,Ⅱ組與Ⅲ組SB203580均設(shè)定同樣的濃度20 mg/L。
1.3 MTT法檢測(cè)藥物對(duì)細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)的抑制率 收集對(duì)數(shù)期HCT-116細(xì)胞,以2×104個(gè)/mL的密度接種細(xì)胞于96孔培養(yǎng)板,每孔加入200 μL。孵育24 h后,加入預(yù)設(shè)濃度順鉑(Ⅰ組)、SB203580(Ⅱ組)、順鉑 +SB203580(Ⅲ組)共同孵育,每個(gè)濃度設(shè)3個(gè)復(fù)孔,同時(shí)設(shè)立不加藥物的空白對(duì)照,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)24 h,棄孔內(nèi)液體,每孔加入 200 μL MTT(濃度為 0.5 mg/mL),培養(yǎng)4 h,棄孔內(nèi)液體,加入200 μL DMSO。振蕩10 min后酶標(biāo)儀測(cè)光密度(D570),按公式計(jì)算細(xì)胞增殖抑制率。細(xì)胞增殖抑制率(%)=(對(duì)照組D570值-實(shí)驗(yàn)組D570值)/對(duì)照組D570值×100%。
1.4 流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)細(xì)胞凋亡率 取對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的HCT-116細(xì)胞以1×106個(gè)/mL的密度接種于6孔培養(yǎng)板孵育24 h,棄培養(yǎng)液,加入預(yù)設(shè)濃度順鉑(Ⅰ組)、SB203580(Ⅱ組)、順鉑 +SB203580(Ⅲ組)共同孵育24 h,收集各組培養(yǎng)液中懸浮細(xì)胞和用胰酶消化的細(xì)胞,5×g離心10 min,棄上清。預(yù)冷PBS洗滌細(xì)胞2次,并將細(xì)胞重懸于195 μL的結(jié)合緩沖液中。加入5 μL Annexin V-FITC 室溫、避光反應(yīng) 10 min,加入5 μL PI混勻,室溫、避光反應(yīng)5 min。篩網(wǎng)過(guò)濾后,上機(jī)檢測(cè)細(xì)胞凋亡率。
1.5 RT-PCR檢測(cè)AKT在轉(zhuǎn)錄水平上的表達(dá) 細(xì)胞總RNA采用Life technologies公司Trizol Reagent抽取,逆轉(zhuǎn)錄cDNA試劑盒購(gòu)自Life technologies公司,PCR擴(kuò)增引物由Invitrogen公司合成,Akt上游引物為:5'GAGCGGGAGGAGTGGACAA 3',下游引物為:5'GGGACAGGTGGAAGAACAGC 3'。
1.6 Western blot檢測(cè)AKT在蛋白水平上的表達(dá)按照預(yù)設(shè)實(shí)驗(yàn)組,CDDP及SB203580分別處理作用24h后提取各組總蛋白,上樣孔加入步驟包括提取并測(cè)定總蛋白濃度,計(jì)算20 mg體積下的上樣量,蛋白電泳,纖維膜電轉(zhuǎn)后將膜用5%干燥脫脂奶粉的Tris緩沖液含0.1%吐溫,加入預(yù)設(shè)的抗體孵育過(guò)夜,加入抗兔及抗鼠的二抗增強(qiáng)化學(xué)發(fā)光以便檢測(cè),X線膠片顯影等。
2.1 SB203580聯(lián)合順鉑促進(jìn)對(duì)HCT-116細(xì)胞增殖的抑制 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,聯(lián)合用藥組對(duì)HCT-116細(xì)胞增殖的抑制率為(64.2±0.01)%,其抑制率高于單用順鉑組抑制率(27.6±0.06)%及單用SB203580組抑制率(30.7 ±0.03)%。
2.2 SB203580聯(lián)合順鉑誘導(dǎo)HCT-116細(xì)胞的凋亡
實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,聯(lián)合用藥組對(duì)HCT-116細(xì)胞凋亡率為(63.8±0.01)%,顯著高于單用順鉑組(25.4 ±0.06)% 及單用 SB203580 組(27.8 ±0.03)%(見(jiàn)圖1)。
圖1 SB203580聯(lián)合順鉑誘導(dǎo)HCT-116細(xì)胞凋亡 A:CDDP 100 μmol/L;B:SB203580 20 mg/L;C:CDDP 100 μmol/L+SB203580 20 mg/LFig 1 CDDP combined with SB203580 induced apoptosis of HCT-116 cells A:CDDP 100 μmol/L;B:SB203580 20 mg/L;C:CDDP 100 μmol/L+SB203580 20 mg/L
2.3 S203580聯(lián)合順鉑促進(jìn)AKT在轉(zhuǎn)錄水平的表達(dá)
2.4 SB203580聯(lián)合順鉑促進(jìn)AKT在蛋白水平的表達(dá)
順鉑是目前臨床較常用的化療藥物,盡管其治療腫瘤效果顯著,但因其較易產(chǎn)生耐藥性,從而限制了其臨床廣泛應(yīng)用[6]。如何增強(qiáng)順鉑等化療藥物對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞的殺傷作用并減少其耐藥性的產(chǎn)生是近年來(lái)研究熱點(diǎn)。
PI3K/AKT信號(hào)通路可以參與調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞增殖、轉(zhuǎn)錄、生長(zhǎng)等,并且與腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展關(guān)系密切[7],蛋白激酶B(AKT)可以阻滯腫瘤細(xì)胞發(fā)生凋亡,其在腫瘤細(xì)胞中呈表達(dá),而AKT可以由其上游的PI3K信號(hào)通路激活,AKT的持續(xù)活化進(jìn)而抑制抑癌基因PTEN的表達(dá),并導(dǎo)致腫瘤細(xì)胞對(duì)化療藥物耐藥性的產(chǎn)生[8-10]。MAPK家族包括 4個(gè)亞類(lèi):ERK1/2、JNK1/2/3、P38 protein和ERK5等,其主要作用是通過(guò)傳導(dǎo)細(xì)胞外應(yīng)激來(lái)調(diào)控基因表達(dá)[11]。近來(lái)有研究表明,許多腫瘤細(xì)胞對(duì)化療藥物耐藥性的產(chǎn)生與MAPK信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)通路的激活有關(guān)[12-13]。我們前期實(shí)驗(yàn)[5]發(fā)現(xiàn) PI3K/AKT信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路參與腫瘤細(xì)胞對(duì)化療藥物耐藥性的形成與AKT的活化有一定的關(guān)系,在應(yīng)用順鉑等化療藥物處理腫瘤細(xì)胞后AKT的表達(dá)往往增強(qiáng),提示AKT的表達(dá)水平與化療藥物的耐藥性形成之間有一定的關(guān)系,因此應(yīng)用P38抑制劑SB203580阻斷AKT相關(guān)信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路,降低其表達(dá)水平,這一點(diǎn)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道相符[14-15],從而一方面可以促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞發(fā)生凋亡并抑制其增殖,另一方面可以提高腫瘤細(xì)胞對(duì)化療藥物敏感性。
在本實(shí)驗(yàn)中,聯(lián)合用藥組對(duì)HCT-116細(xì)胞凋亡率為:(63.8±0.01)%,顯著高于單用順鉑組凋亡率(25.4±0.06)%及單用 SB203580 組凋亡率(27.8 ±0.03)%(P<0.01)。顯而易見(jiàn),順鉑聯(lián)合應(yīng)用P38抑制劑SB203580抗腫瘤作用顯著優(yōu)于單用順鉑及單用SB203580,提示SB203580可以顯著增加順鉑的殺傷作用。值得注意的是,在順鉑與SB203580聯(lián)合應(yīng)用后處理結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞AKT在轉(zhuǎn)錄水平及蛋白水平上比單用順鉑組都顯著降低,顯示該抑制劑可以降低AKT的表達(dá),本實(shí)驗(yàn)提示SB203580可能是一種較理想的基因毒素類(lèi)化療藥物的增敏劑。
針對(duì)目前臨床上較常見(jiàn)的化療藥物耐藥性問(wèn)題,較常見(jiàn)傳統(tǒng)的解決方案是多種化療藥物聯(lián)合應(yīng)用,但增加療效的同時(shí)往往伴隨著化療藥物劑量的增加及耐藥性的產(chǎn)生。本研究表明,P38特異性的抑制劑SB203580可以在提供對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞殺傷作用的同時(shí),通過(guò)阻斷AKT的表達(dá)可能是提供順鉑化療藥物敏感性降低其耐藥性產(chǎn)生的可能機(jī)制。本實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果提示,SB203580具有潛在的臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值,但其具體的分子生物學(xué)機(jī)制還有待與進(jìn)一步的研究。
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The application P38 inhibitor reduces the AKT expression in colon cancer cell line
ZHANG Jun,ZHANG Linli,LI Jinpeng,YU Honggang
Department of Gastroenterology,People’s Hospital of Wuhan University,Wuhan 430060,China
ObjectiveTo evaluate the sensitive effect and the possible mechanisms of chemoresisitance of SB203580,a p38MAPK inhibitor,on colon cancer cell line HCT-116 when combined with cisplatin.MethodsColon cancer cells HCT-116 were used as experimental subjects.The concentration of SB203580 was setted to 20 mg/L,the concentration of cisplatin was 100 μmol/L.After treatment,MTT was used to measure inhibitory effects,flow cytometry was used to investigate the apoptosis of HCT-116 and AKT was detected by RT-PCR.ResultsAfter combined group of SB203580 and cisplatin,the growth inhibition rate of HCT-116 cells was significantly increased compared with cisplatin group and SB203580 group.The apoptotic rate was also significantly increased when cisplatin combined with SB203580.The AKT expression was significantly higher in the cisplatin group than in combination group.ConclusionSB203580 could reduced the AKT expression and sensitized cisplatin on its lethal effect of HCT-116 cells.
Colon cancer;Cisplatin;Chemoresistance
R574.62
A
1006-5709(2012)11-1011-03
2012-04-19
10.3969/j.issn.1006-5709.2012.11.008
中央高?;究蒲袠I(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)資金(201130202020017)
張軍,博士,研究方向:消化道腫瘤防治。E-mail:zhangjun0532027@126.com
于紅剛,E-mail:honggangyu@sohu.com