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LY294002對(duì)阿霉素誘導(dǎo)的人乳腺癌上皮-間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化作用的影響

2012-01-11 13:17錢(qián)玉珺成向明武晨江趙夢(mèng)琳戚曉紅
關(guān)鍵詞:阿霉素磷酸化引物

錢(qián)玉珺,成向明,王 斌,徐 磊,武晨江,趙夢(mèng)琳,戚曉紅,郭 軍

南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)中心,南京 210029

LY294002對(duì)阿霉素誘導(dǎo)的人乳腺癌上皮-間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化作用的影響

錢(qián)玉珺,成向明,王 斌,徐 磊,武晨江,趙夢(mèng)琳,戚曉紅,郭 軍

南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)中心,南京 210029

目的研究LY294002對(duì)阿霉素 (ADM)誘導(dǎo)的人乳腺癌細(xì)胞上皮-間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化作用的影響。方法體外培養(yǎng)人乳腺癌細(xì)胞MCF-7,以ADM與或不與PI3K特異抑制劑LY294002共同處理,采用Western blot法檢測(cè)Akt、p-Akt、Snail和E-cadherin蛋白水平的變化,RT-PCR檢測(cè)Snail與E-cadherin mRNA的表達(dá)。結(jié)果ADM可通過(guò)磷酸化上調(diào)Akt活性,增加Snail蛋白水平及降低E-cadherin的表達(dá) (P<0.05),LY294002預(yù)處理可逆轉(zhuǎn)上述蛋白的活性和含量變化(P<0.05)。結(jié)論LY294002可逆轉(zhuǎn)ADM誘導(dǎo)的人乳腺癌上皮-間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化,其可能是通過(guò)抑制PI3K/Akt通路參與Snail和E-cadherin表達(dá)調(diào)控來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。

阿霉素;LY294002;人乳腺癌細(xì)胞;上皮-間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化

上皮-間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化 (epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)是多細(xì)胞生物胚胎發(fā)育的基礎(chǔ),是具有極性的上皮細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)換成具有活動(dòng)能力、能夠在細(xì)胞基質(zhì)間自由移動(dòng)的間質(zhì)細(xì)胞過(guò)程。EMT以上皮細(xì)胞極性喪失及間質(zhì)特性獲得為重要特征,具體包括:細(xì)胞黏附分子 (如E-cadherin)表達(dá)減少;角蛋白為主的細(xì)胞骨架轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椴ㄐ蔚鞍诪橹鞯募?xì)胞骨架,從而引起細(xì)胞形態(tài)的改變[1]。最近,EMT在腫瘤的發(fā)生、浸潤(rùn)和轉(zhuǎn)移中的作用引起人們廣泛關(guān)注[2]。腫瘤的EMT與化療耐藥密切相關(guān)[3],乳腺癌耐藥細(xì)胞系及對(duì)紫杉醇耐藥的卵巢癌細(xì)胞均有EMT改變[4-5]。本研究觀察了 LY294002對(duì)阿霉素 (adriamycin,ADM)誘導(dǎo)的人乳腺癌細(xì)胞EMT作用的影響。

材料和方法

材料 人乳腺癌細(xì)胞MCF-7細(xì)胞株由南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)細(xì)胞生物學(xué)系提供。阿霉素購(gòu)自深圳海王藥業(yè)公司,LY294002購(gòu)自碧云天生物技術(shù)研究所,RPMI medium 1640購(gòu)自美國(guó)Invitrogen公司,新生牛血清購(gòu)自美國(guó)Hyclone公司,Akt抗體、磷酸化Akt抗體(Ser473)、E-cadherin抗體、Snail抗體購(gòu)自北京博奧森生物技術(shù)公司,β-actin、Snail、E-cadherin引物由美國(guó)Invitrogen公司合成,Trizol與Trans RT-PCR SuperMix kit購(gòu)自北京全式金生物技術(shù)有限公司。

細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)與藥物處理 將MCF-7按常規(guī)培養(yǎng)在含15%新生牛血清的1640培養(yǎng)基中,于37℃、5%CO2條件下培養(yǎng),細(xì)胞為貼壁生長(zhǎng),每5~6 d傳代,取對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的細(xì)胞進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。處理前,將MCF-7消化后接種于細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)板,待細(xì)胞貼壁生長(zhǎng)至80%的融合狀態(tài),加入10 μmol/L ADM作用12 h和48 h,于預(yù)處理組應(yīng)用10 g/L的LY294002,12 h后加入10 μmol/L 的 ADM 作用48 h。

Western blot檢測(cè) p-Akt、Snail、E-cadherin 的表達(dá) 將MCF-7消化后接種于6孔板,藥物處理后收集各組細(xì)胞,加入細(xì)胞裂解液,于4℃、12 000×g離心10 min,小心吸出上清液,用Bradford法進(jìn)行蛋白質(zhì)定量。經(jīng)變性后取30 μg蛋白質(zhì)/泳道進(jìn)行SDS-聚丙稀酰胺凝膠電泳,轉(zhuǎn)移蛋白到硝酸纖維素膜上。5%脫脂牛奶室溫封閉2 h后,分別與p-Akt抗體、Snail抗體、E-cadherin抗體雜交過(guò)夜,以Akt、β-actin作為對(duì)照,TBST洗膜5 min×3次,加入HRP標(biāo)記的Ⅱ抗,搖床上室溫孵育2 h,TBST洗膜10 min×3次,最后用DAB-HRP熒光檢測(cè)試劑激發(fā)熒光,于暗室顯影和定影后進(jìn)行圖像分析。

RT-PCR檢測(cè)Snail、E-cadherin的表達(dá) 將MCF-7消化后接種于6孔板,藥物處理后收集各組細(xì)胞,Trizol試劑提取細(xì)胞總RNA,溶于無(wú)RNase水中,紫外分光光度計(jì)測(cè)定D260/D280的比值在1.8~2.0之間。用北京全式金生物技術(shù)有限公司逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒提供的25℃ 10 min、42℃ 30 min、85℃ 5 min的條件合成cDNA,再取RT產(chǎn)物于50 μl體系進(jìn)行PCR循環(huán),并以β-actin做為內(nèi)參照。反應(yīng)結(jié)束后,取PCR產(chǎn)物5 μl在1.5%的瓊脂糖凝膠中電泳,溴化乙錠染色,在捷達(dá)凝膠成像系統(tǒng)中觀察并攝圖。Snail上游引物為5'-TCAGACGAGGACAGTGGGAAAG-3',下游引物為5'-GCTTGTGGAGCAGGGACATTC-3',產(chǎn)物長(zhǎng)度 487 bp。E-cadherin上游引物為5'-TGCCCAGAAAATGAAAAAGG-3',下游引物為5'-GGATGACACAGCGTGAGAGA-3',產(chǎn)物長(zhǎng)度225 bp。β-actin上游引物為5'-AAATCTGGCACCACACCTTC-3',下游引物為5'-CCATCTCTTGCTCGAAGTCC-3',產(chǎn)物長(zhǎng)度432 bp。PCR反應(yīng)條件均為94℃預(yù)變性40 s;94℃變性30 s,58℃退火30 s,72℃延伸20 s,28個(gè)循環(huán);最后72℃延伸7 min。

統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件,所有實(shí)驗(yàn)均重復(fù)3次以上,數(shù)據(jù)以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差表示,組間比較采用單因素方差分析及LSD-t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

結(jié) 果

LY294002對(duì)ADM刺激MCF-7細(xì)胞Akt磷酸化的干預(yù)作用 ADM處理MCF-7細(xì)胞后,Akt磷酸化水平提高 (P<0.05),并且此效應(yīng)隨時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)而更為顯著;與ADM直接作用48 h組相比,LY294002處理12 h后再經(jīng)ADM作用48 h的細(xì)胞,Akt磷酸化水平明顯降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 (P<0.05)(圖 1)。

LY294002對(duì)ADM刺激MCF-7細(xì)胞Snail表達(dá)的干預(yù)作用 與對(duì)照組相比,ADM能升高胞內(nèi)Snail蛋白和mRNA表達(dá)量 (P<0.05),隨時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)而更為顯著。預(yù)先采用LY294002處理組與ADM處理48 h組相比,Snail表達(dá)明顯減少 (P<0.05)(圖2、3)。

LY294002干預(yù)ADM對(duì)E-cadherin表達(dá)的影響

與對(duì)照組相比,ADM能降低胞內(nèi)E-cadherin蛋白和mRNA表達(dá)量 (P<0.05),隨時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)而更為顯著。預(yù)先采用LY294002處理組與ADM處理48 h組相比,E-cadherin表達(dá)明顯增加 (P<0.05)(圖4、5)。

圖1 LY294002對(duì)ADM刺激MCF-7細(xì)胞Akt磷酸化的干預(yù)作用Fig 1 Effect of LY294002 on adriamycin-induced phosphorylation of Akt in MCF-7

圖2 LY294002對(duì)ADM刺激MCF-7細(xì)胞Snail蛋白表達(dá)的干預(yù)作用Fig 2 Effect of LY294002 on adriamycin-induced expression of Snail in MCF-7

圖3 LY294002對(duì)ADM刺激MCF-7細(xì)胞Snail mRNA表達(dá)的干預(yù)作用Fig 3 Effect of LY294002 on adriamycin-induced mRNA expression of Snail in MCF-7

圖4 LY294002干預(yù)ADM對(duì)E-cadherin蛋白表達(dá)的影響Fig 4 Effect of LY294002 on adriamycin-induced expression of E-cadherin in MCF-7

圖5 LY294002干預(yù)ADM對(duì)E-cadherin mRNA表達(dá)的影響Fig 5 Effect of LY294002 on adriamycin-induced mRNA expression of E-cadherin in MCF-7

討 論

化療藥物在有效清除腫瘤細(xì)胞的同時(shí),亦會(huì)引起腫瘤細(xì)胞惡性程度增加[6-7]。作為首個(gè)在臨床上使用的蒽環(huán)類(lèi)抗癌藥、當(dāng)前乳腺癌治療最有效的藥物之一,ADM在臨床應(yīng)用中常引起腫瘤細(xì)胞的化療耐藥與轉(zhuǎn)移而降低療效,探明其具體機(jī)制對(duì)改善腫瘤治療極有意義。

E-cadherin是一種依賴(lài)Ca2+的細(xì)胞間跨膜黏連糖蛋白分子,主要存在于上皮組織中,參與細(xì)胞間的連接。作為EMT的關(guān)鍵分子,E-cadherin的表達(dá)下調(diào)或抑制和功能喪失都可以啟動(dòng)EMT,腫瘤細(xì)胞經(jīng)過(guò)這種細(xì)胞表型的轉(zhuǎn)化獲得更高的侵襲性[8]。本研究中,以ADM處理乳腺癌細(xì)胞MCF-7,12 h后E-cadherin表達(dá)開(kāi)始下調(diào),48 h下降更顯著,證明ADM在早期即誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞發(fā)生EMT,此結(jié)果與相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道基本一致。同時(shí)在此過(guò)程中,細(xì)胞的形態(tài)發(fā)生變化,遷移能力增強(qiáng)[9]。

進(jìn)一步結(jié)果顯示,ADM誘導(dǎo)乳腺癌細(xì)胞發(fā)生EMT的過(guò)程中,伴隨Akt磷酸化水平上升,Snail轉(zhuǎn)錄因子表達(dá)增加,且有顯著的時(shí)間效應(yīng)。以PI3K特異性抑制劑LY294002預(yù)處理能顯著降低Akt磷酸化及活性,減少Snail含量,刺激E-cadherin表達(dá),逆轉(zhuǎn)ADM誘導(dǎo)的EMT。這表明ADM能通過(guò)Akt通路上調(diào)Snail表達(dá),誘導(dǎo)乳腺癌細(xì)胞發(fā)生EMT,且隨時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)而效果更顯著,而LY294002可逆轉(zhuǎn)此過(guò)程。

PI3K/Akt信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)途徑與Snail轉(zhuǎn)錄因子參與多種細(xì)胞的EMT:如PI3K/Akt信號(hào)途徑的激活可誘導(dǎo)前列腺癌發(fā)生EMT[10],肝癌的EMT與PI3K通路及Snail的活性上調(diào)有關(guān)[11-12],乳腺癌細(xì)胞 EMT與Snail高表達(dá)有關(guān)[13]。本研究表明,PI3K/Akt信號(hào)通路及Snail在乳腺癌細(xì)胞EMT中有重要地位,且PI3K/Akt信號(hào)通路參與了Snail表達(dá)調(diào)控。

綜上,本研究提示了ADM聯(lián)合LY294002治療乳腺癌的新思路。腫瘤細(xì)胞的化療耐藥與EMT密切相關(guān)可能與兩者都受PI3K/Akt通路調(diào)節(jié)有關(guān)[14]。早期以LY294002阻止EMT的發(fā)生,對(duì)防止耐藥性形成、降低轉(zhuǎn)移風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有重要意義,能有效抑制應(yīng)用ADM的不良后果。另外,PI3K/Akt通路已被證實(shí)參與腫瘤增殖、耐藥、轉(zhuǎn)移、EMT等眾多進(jìn)程[9-10,15-17]。以 PI3K為靶點(diǎn)的治療方案可能同時(shí)阻斷多條信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)通路,起到高效、多向的治療作用,具有廣泛應(yīng)用前景。

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Effect of LY294002 on Adriamycin-induced Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition in Human Breast Carcinoma Cells

QIAN Yu-jun,CHENG Xiang-ming,WANG Bin,XU Lei,WU Chen-jiang,ZHAO Meng-lin,QI Xiao-hong,GUO Jun

Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210029,China

GUO Jun Tel:025-86862882,E-mail:Guoj69@yahoo.com.cn

ObjectiveTo study the effect of LY294002 on the adriamycin-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human breast carcinoma cells.MethodsHuman breast carcinoma cells MCF-7 was culturedin vitroand then exposed to adriamycin with or without LY294002.The protein expression levels of Akt,phosphorylated-Akt(p-Akt),Snail,and E-cadherin was detected by Western blot analysis.The mRNA expressions of Snail and E-cadherin were determined by RT-PCR.ResultsAdriamycin significantly increased the protein expression of Snail and depressed the protein expression of E-cadherin(P<0.05).The pre-treatment with LY294002 significantly reversed the changes of activities and levels of the above proteins(P<0.05).ConclusionLY294002 could reverse the adriamycin-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human breast carcinoma cells by regulating the expressions of Snail and E-cadherin through suppressing PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

adriamycin;LY294002;human breast carcinoma cells;epithelial-mesenchymal transition

國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金 (81170714)Supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(81170714)

郭 軍 電話:025-86862882,電子郵件:Guoj69@yahoo.com.cn

R966

A

1000-503X(2012)04-0319-05

10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.2012.04.002

Acta Acad Med Sin,2012,34(4):319-323

2012-02-29)

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