楊乃芹

為了突出信息的重要性,英語(yǔ)中常使用強(qiáng)調(diào)手段。近年來(lái),中學(xué)教材中也出現(xiàn)了許多強(qiáng)調(diào)的手段,現(xiàn)加以歸納說(shuō)明。

一、句型法

即運(yùn)用某些特殊的句型來(lái)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào),如強(qiáng)調(diào)句型It iswas that…和否定疑問(wèn)句等。如:

It is not blind man that/who make such mistakes.

Cant you understand what I said?

I cant thank you too much.

二、語(yǔ)序法

即通過(guò)改變句子的正常語(yǔ)序,使原來(lái)的句子倒裝來(lái)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。

1.強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ),把狀語(yǔ)放在句首。如:

Only in this way can we learn English well.

2.強(qiáng)調(diào)表語(yǔ),把表語(yǔ)放在句首。如:

A very important experiment it is.

3.有些詞和詞組如hardly,never, seldom, not only, by no means, in no case, no sooner…than,hardly…when等置于句首時(shí),習(xí)慣上將句子倒裝,這樣產(chǎn)生明顯的強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。如:

Not only did he pass the exam, but also he got good marks.

4.表示方向性的副詞,如down,up,in,out,away,off 等置于句首時(shí),主謂要到裝,這種結(jié)構(gòu)使句子所描述的情景更為生動(dòng)。如:

Away went the car like a whirlwind.

三、重復(fù)法

即重復(fù)所要強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞。如:

Years of hard work,little food,only a cold room to live in and never, never a moment to rest.

四、增詞法

即通過(guò)增添新詞來(lái)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。

1.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞的詞

a. do﹙does, did﹚加強(qiáng)肯定句中一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的語(yǔ)義,與動(dòng)詞原形連用。如:

She does sing best in our class.

b. more than+動(dòng)詞,意為“何止”,表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。如:

This more than satisfied me.

2.強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞的詞

名詞前加 very 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。該詞前應(yīng)帶有the,this,that或物主代詞。如:

You are the very man Im looking for.

3.強(qiáng)調(diào)形容詞的詞

a.形容詞比較級(jí)前加still, even, much, far,a good/great deal,最高級(jí)前加by far表強(qiáng)調(diào)。如:

The pacific is by far the largest ocean.

b. ever 用于比較級(jí)﹢than這一結(jié)構(gòu)后面,表加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。如:

It is raining harder than ever.

c. the more…the more常用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)比較級(jí)。如:

The harder you work, the more progress youll make.

4.強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的詞和短語(yǔ)

a. 把on earth, in the world, ever,under the sun等用于疑問(wèn)句中,作“究竟”,“到底”講,用于否定句意為“全然”,“一點(diǎn)也不”。 如:

What on earth are you doing?

b. at all 表加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,一般用于否定句、條件句或有否定意思的肯定句。如:

Im not at all satisfied with his report.

c.用not to mention,not to speak of,say nothing of等加強(qiáng)句子語(yǔ)氣。如:

He understands French,not to speak of English.

五、雙重否定法

雙重否定表示強(qiáng)烈的肯定。

如:Man cant live without water.

六、書面語(yǔ)中可用大寫、斜體、黑體字和破折號(hào)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)

如:Soon everyone was nodding and saying,“But HE HAS NOTHING ON!”

It is sold. I tell you—sold and gone.

七、使用動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行時(shí)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)

高頻度副詞always, constantly等與進(jìn)行時(shí)連用加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,表示贊美、反對(duì)、抱怨等各種情緒。如:

Mike, you are always making the same mistake.

八、用as well as 強(qiáng)調(diào)前面的詞

如:He got a new car as well as some books.